高中英语典型易错错误辨析.docx
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高中英语典型易错错误辨析
高中英语典型易错错误辨析
)1.Mary'smotheristallerthanmy.(
Mary's)motheristallerthanmine.(
[解析]人称代词的主格可以作主语,如:
YouandIaregoodfriends.其宾格可以作介词宾语或及物动词宾语,如:
I'mlookingforher,物主代词中形容词性物主代词可以作定语来修饰名词,如:
mychildhood;Thiswatchisyours,Mineisyellow.
反身代词在句中可以作宾语或同位语如:
HetaughthimselfEnglish.
2.)TheZhangsiswatchingTV.(
TheZhangsarewatchingTV.)(
[解析]the加姓氏的复数表示某某一家人或夫妇俩人,所以要用复数形式的谓语动词。
3.---Sincewehave)onlyafewhoursleft.Weshouldcarefullytakeadvantageofit.(
----Sincewehaveonlyafewhoursleft.Weshouldcarefullytakeadvantageofthem.)(
[解析]要注意人称代词的人称、数、性、格在句中的一致性,这里hours应与them一致。
4.Heandyou)shoulddotheirhomework.(
Youandheshoulddoyourhomework.)(
[解析]用and连接的主语中如有一个是第一人称,则其后的人称代词应用第一人称与之呼应。
如无第一人称而有第二人称,则要用第二人称代词与之相呼应,否则用第三人称,如:
JohnandIaregoodfriends.Weareclassmates.
TomandMaryshoulddotheirbest.
)5.Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.(
Heorhis)brotherisdoinghishomework.(
[解析]用or,either…or,neither…nor连接两主语时,如两主语是单数时,则要用单数代词,如两主语都是复数时用复数代词,如:
Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.
但若连接的是一单一复两名词时,总要将单数名词放在前面而复数名词放在后面,而其后用复数代名词,如:
Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroom.
6.Yournewcariswonderful.How)muchdoeshecost?
(
Yournewcariswonderful.Howmuchdoesshecost?
)(
[解析]在谈论到有感情的事物时,如:
车辆、船只、国家,常用she作代词,饲养的动物也可以用he,she来代替。
如:
Givethecatsomefood.Maybesheishungry.
7.Astudentshoulddoherbesttostudy.
Astudentshoulddohis(her)besttostudy.
[解析]若名词是男女两性兼有的名词,按传统习惯其代名词应用he,但现代英语中可以用he/she,his/her….
8.He,youandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandIaregoodfriends.
[解析]代词名词并列时,其先后顺序分两种情况:
其一.单数代名词时为:
youandI,youandhe,sheandI,you,he
andI。
其二.是复数代名词时为weandyou,weandthey,youandthey,we,youandthey。
但两性名词并列时男性在前,女性在后,如:
Heandsheareinthesameclass.
)9.Hersisterisasbeautifulasher.(
Her)sisterisasbeautifulasshe.(
[解析]因as是连词其后应视为省略句,即assheis。
)10.Hersisterismorebeautifulthanher.(
Hersisteris)morebeautifulthanshe.(
[解析]因than也是连词其后也应视为省略句。
11."Who)broketheglass?
""I."(
)"Whobroketheglass?
""Me."(
[解析]在简略答语中主格往往用宾格来代替而且不要有助动词。
否则必须用主格,如:
"Idon'twanttowatchTV."
"Me,neither."(NeitherdoI.)
12.Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.)(
)Ilikeyouasmuchasher.(
[解析]因为as后的省略句应为asIlikeher.而第一句语法不错但应译为我像她一样喜欢你。
)13.ThewritersaresheandI.(
)"Who'sthat?
""It'sme."(
[解析]标准语法中作主语补语时应用主格,但在日常口语及习惯用语中常常用宾格,所以有人干脆直称其名,如:
ThewritersareMaryandTom.(I即是Tom)
)因it是主语,则he是主语补语。
14.Ithinkitishe.(
Ithinkit)因it是宾语则要用him.tobehim.(
15.Iwastakentobehe.(我被误认成他))(
)Thepolicemancaughthimbyhisarm.(
Thepolicemancaughthimbythearm.)(
[解析]在谈论触及身体某一部位时要用touch/catch/hit…/+人+by+the+身体部位,这里的定冠词不能用形容词性物主代词。
16.)Hisbooksarenew,butyourareold.(
Hisbooksarenew,butyoursare)old.(
[解析]代词应与其代替的名词保持一致。
17.Myselfdidityesterday.)(
)Imyselfdidityesterday.(
[解析]反身代词不可作主语,但可作主语同位语。
)18.Takecareofourselves.(
Takecareof)yourselves(yourself)(
[解析]祈使句的主语应作you看待。
19.Oneshouldnot)liveforoneselfalone.(
Oneshouldnotliveforhimselfalone.)(
[解析]英语中one的反身代词应为oneself,而现代英语中却常常用himself。
20.Pleasebring)yoursonwithyourself.(
Pleasebringyoursonwithyou.)(
[解析]要注意介词宾语不要用反身代词。
21.Youmustalllookafteryourself)duringyourtrip.(
Youmustalllookafteryourselvesduringyour)trip.(
[解析]要注意反身代词与其名词的一致性。
因这里有all,所以you应看做你们。
22.Help)yourselfforthefruit.(
)Helpyourselftothefruit.(
[解析]这里的to是习惯用法。
要注意与反身代词连用的动词,如:
enjoyyourself(玩得开心)
makeyourselfathome(不要拘束)
loseoneself(迷路)
cometooneself(苏醒)
seatyourself(请坐)
)23.Ilikethesepink.Whichdoyouprefer?
(
I)likethesepinkones.Whichdoyouprefer?
(
[解析]指示代词有this,that(指单数),those,these(指复数),而that,those指相对远处的东西,而this,these为近处的东西,在美语中ones有时被省略,如:
Ipreferthesebookstothose.但如其后接形容词了则ones就不能省略了。
下句中的days也不能省略。
Workwasdifficultinthosedays.
24.---We'llgotovisittheScienceand)TechnologyMuseumthisafternoon.Thatwillbeinteresting.(
---We'llgotovisittheScienceandTechnologyMuseumthisafternoon.Thiswillbe)interesting.(
[解析]在讲述过去事时用that,而讲述将要发生的事时用this。
如:
"Wecangotoseeafilmthisweekend."
"That'sagoodidea."这里用that是指前面提到的那件事。
25.)Who'sthisspeaking?
That’sMary.(
Who'sthatspeaking?
This'sMary.)(
[解析]在谈话和电话用语中this指自己,而that指对方。
26.Whatdoyouwanttodowith)thatfivethousanddollars?
(
I'vebeenwritingthisbookthesefive)years.(
[解析]that,this,those,these这四个指示代词都可以用在那些表示一段时间、一笔钱数的名词前面与之连用。
因为把钱数和一段时间可以当作一个整体看。
27.Thedaysin)summerarelongerthanthisinwinter.(
Thedaysinsummerarelonger)thanthoseinwinter.(
[解析]为了避免重复,可以用that或those来代替句中前面提到的词,如:
Thebookisbetterthanthatwhichwassoldinthisshop.
28---Studyandplayarebothnecessarytostudents,thisgivesusknowledgeandthatgivesusrest.)(
----Studyandplayarebothnecessarytostudents,thisgivesus)rest,andthatgivesusknowledge.(
[解析]在that…this和those…these的表达法中that与those表示前者,而this,these表示后者。
同样theone…theother如:
MaryandTomaregoodatChinese,theone(Mary)speaksbetterChinesethantheother(Tom).
29.Underthiswordsshewentoutoftheclassroom.)(
)Withthesewordsshewentoutoftheclassroom.(
[解析]withthis是习惯用法,
withthesewords应译为说着这些话。
thatnight(那晚)
thatway/thisway(那边/这边)
bythis=bynow(到了这个时候)
atthis/that(一听到,一见到/这点就……)
thatistosay(即,就是说)
withthis(这样说着,一面说一面干)
)30.I'mtirednow.Ican'tgosofar.(
I'm)tirednow,soIcan'tgothatfar.(
[解析]this,that在口语中常常可以作副词,表示如此。
31.Ihopenevertomeetsuchanotherman.)(
)Ihopenevertomeetanothersuchman.(
[解析]such必须用在no,one,another,some,many,all等词之后。
such作代词就是指如前所述的意思,如:
Imayhurtherfeelings,butsuchwasnotmyintention.但such作形容词的场合更多。
32.--Itissogood)weatherthateveryonewantstogoforapicnic.(
---Itissuchgood)weatherthateveryonewantstogoforapicnic.(
[解析]用在可数名词单数时,两者都可以用,但用法不同,如:
Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikesit.
Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikesit.
在不可数名词前,或可数名词复数前只能用such,如:
ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.
TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.
在many,much,little,few这四个字前只能用so,在只有形容词的情况下也只能用so,如:
Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshelikes.
Sheissolovelythateveryonelikesher.
33.Mylittlebrotherisquiteinterestedin)whatIdid.Healwaystriedtodosame.(
Mylittlebrotherisquite)interestedinwhatIdid.Healwaystriedtodothesame.(
[解析]same用作代词时常常要与the连用,如:
---"Haveagoodweekend"
---"Thesametoyou."
34.Ireceivedthesamepostcardthatshereceivedyesterday.)(
Ireceivedthesamepostcardasshereceivedyesterday.)(
[解析]thesame…as意为与……一样,而thesame…that意为就是那个。
如:
ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.(这与我昨天丢失的自行车一样。
即不是我丢失的那辆)
ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那辆车)
Incorrect:
Thelittleboyaskedmealotofquestions,butIstillliked
himallsame.
35.Thelittleboyaskedmealotofquestions,butIstilllikedhimallthesame.)(
[解析]与same有关的习惯用法也与the分不开的allthesame为仍然,还有:
beallthesametosomebody(对某人来讲是一样的)
atthesametime(在同一时间)
cometothesamething(结果相同)
)36.IsthatteacherfromEngland?
Ithinknot.(
Is)thatteacherfromEngland?
Idon'tthinkso.(
[解析]so可以作为代词,代替一个整句,但在作答语时要注意,肯定句中为Ithink/believe/suppose/hope…so,但在否定句中则是Idon'tthink/believe/suppose…so,而hope/believe则应用为Ihope/believenot。
37.Youdid)yourhomework.SoIdid.(
)Youdidyourhomework.SodidI.(
[解析]so用作答语时,如讲同一动作适用于不同的两个主语时要倒装。
38."Englishisdifficultto)learn.""Soisit."(
)"Englishisdifficulttolearn.""Soitis."(
[解析]在仅仅是对对方意见表示同意时则不倒装。
与so有关的短语,如:
Itoldyouso.我告戒过你。
Everybodysaysso.每人都这样讲。
39.Everyoneshoulddoone's)best.(
)Everyoneshoulddohisbest.(
[解析]不定代词最多,其用法也最复杂。
它们主要有:
afew(few),alittle(little),any,another,anybody,anything,anyone,all,both,either,everybody,eacheveryone,everyone,many,much,most,neither,none,nobody,noone,nothing,one,other,some,somebody,someone,someone,something…这些代词每一个都有自己的用法特点和习惯用法,切记要一个字一个字地学习,不可以偏概全一致造成错误。
one作代词时它的复数形式是ones,所有格one's,反身代词oneself,one在指某一人时相当于anyone,所以要用:
oneshoulddoone'sbest,但如one与别的词组成的其他词,或有修饰词短语时,则要用his/her,his/hers,himself/herself。
40.Your)bikeisnotasnewasyourbrother'sone.(
Yourbikeisnotasnewas)yourbrother's.(
[解析]在my,John's,two,three等数词,both,some,后面不可直接加one或ones,但如果名词前有了形容词则是可以使用的,如:
Iboughttwodictionariesand)twoones.(
Iboughttwodictionaries,andtwogoodones.)(
)41.Nooneofthemismystudent.(
Noneofthemismy)student.(
[解析]noone相当于nobody其意为没有人,其作主语时用单数谓语动词,如:
Nooneexpectsyoutobeperfect,butwedoexpectyoualwaystodoyourbest.但noone不与of结构连用,但用none作主语时,其谓语动词是可单可复数,要视具体情况而定。
通常要用of结构,不用of结构虽不是语法上的错误,但很不符合语言习惯,人们习惯于用:
Noneoftheboysishere.
Noonehasjumpedsuchhigh.
而不讲Nonehasjumpedsuchhigh.
42."Doyouhavemydictionary?
""Yes,Ihaveone.")(
)"Doyouhavemydictionary?
""Yes,Ihaveit."(
[解析]在作简略答语时it用来特指上文中提到的物体,而one则泛指某一个,如:
1)--"Doyouhaveadictionary?
"
--"Yes,Ihaveone."
2)Thebooksyoubought)yesterdayaregoodone.(
Thebooksyouboughtyesterdayaregoodones.)(
ones是one的复数形式。
43."Whowonthegame?
""None.")(
)"Whowonthegame?
""Noone."(
[解析]在简略答语中用who来提问的句子的否定答语是noone,而用howmany提问的答语是none,如:
"Howmanystudents
arethere?
""None."
)44.Idon'twanttodrinkhottea.Iwantcoldone.(
I)don'twanttodrinkhottea,Iwantcoldtea.(
[解析]one只可用来代替可数名词,而不能用于不可数名词,但none则可以,如:
Noneofthenewsisgood.
Noneofthegirlsare(is)here.
45.Nooneofyoucould)leavenow.(
)Notoneofyoucouldleavenow.(
[解析]noone不可加of结构,但notoneof则是正确的而且是强调句。
46.Therearemanytre