Xemjcn托福雅思考试很有用的写作资料英文版的名人生平大全 写作素材.docx

Xemjcn托福雅思考试很有用的写作资料英文版的名人生平大全 写作素材.docx

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Xemjcn托福雅思考试很有用的写作资料英文版的名人生平大全写作素材

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔

BiographyofHomer

Homeristhemanwho,accordingtolegend,wrotethetwogreatepicsofGreekhistory:

theIliad（thetaleoftheTrojanWar）andtheOdyssey（aboutthetravelsofOdysseus）.BothbooksareconsideredlandmarksinhumanliteratureandHomeristhereforeoftencitedasthestartingpointofWesternliteraryandhistoricaltradition.ThedetailsofHomer'slifeareamystery;somescholarsbelievethatnosuchmaneverexisted,andthattheworkscreditedtohimwereactuallytoldandgatheredbymanypeopleovermanycenturies.OtherstoriesgivevariousbirthplacesandagesforHomerandsuggesthewasawanderingpoetorminstrel.Homerisusuallysaidtohavebeenblind,apointonwhichnearlyallthelegendsagree.

BiographyofAristotle

Aristotleisoneofthe"bigthree"inancientGreekphilosophy,alongwithPlatoandSocrates.（SocratestaughtPlato,whointurninstructedAristotle.）Aristotlespentnearly20yearsatPlato'sAcademy,firstasastudentandthenasateacher.AfterPlato'sdeathhetravelledwidelyandeducatedafamouspupil,AlexandertheGreat,theMacedonianwhonearlyconqueredtheworld.LaterAristotlebeganhisownschoolinAthens,knownastheLyceum.Aristotleisknownforhiscarefullydetailedobservationsaboutnatureandthephysicalworld,whichlaidthegroundworkforthemodernstudyofbiology.AmonghisworksarethetextsPhysics,Metaphysics,RhetoricandEthics.BiographyofArchimedes

Archmedes（ar-ke-me'-deez）,arenownedmathematician.Hisastonishingskillinmechanicswassuchthatsomeofthegreatestrealtriumphsofantiquitymaybeascribedtohim.Hisinventionsamazedhiscontemporaries:

theliftingofweightsbymeansofpulleysandtheendlessscrewareamongthem.ARomanhistoriancelebratesthewarlikeenginesproducedbytheskillofArchimedes.Hismindeverfruitfulofextraordinaryresources,whenSyracusewasbesiegedbyMarcellus,heconstructedaburning-glassonascaleofsuchmagnitudethatbymeansofittheenemy'sfleetwasfired.Eventually,thecitybeingtaken,hewasfoundamongtheslain.

BiographyofDante

Anexiledandwanderingfigureduringhiswritinglifetime,DanteisnowconsideredItaly'sgreatestpoet--somuchaliterarygiantthatheisgenerallyknownbyhisfirstnamealone.TheDivineComedy,byfarhismostfamouswork,isthestoryofajourneythroughHell,PurgatoryandfinallyParadise.（ThejourneythroughHellisoftenreferredtoindependentlyas"Dante'sInferno."）InthepoemthefirsttwostagesareguidedbytheRomanpoetVirgil,andthefinalvisittoParadiseisledbyawomannamedBeatrice--agirlDantemetbrieflywhenhewasnineandwhomheidolizedtherestofhislife.TheDivineComedyisthesourceofmanyfamousclassicalimages,inspiringworksbyWilliamBlakeandothers,andisfamousforitsinscriptiononthegatesofHell:

"Allhopeabandon,yewhoenterhere."JoanofArc（1412-1431）

AherooftheHundredYearsWar,JoanofArcremainsaFrenchnationalherosixcenturieslater.AsateenagersheheardvoicesfromonhighurginghertosaveFrancefromEnglishdomination.Despitebeingayoungwoman,shewasplacedattheheadofanarmy;sheattackedtheEnglishandforcedthemtoretreatfromOrléans.LatershewascapturedbytheEnglish,triedforheresy,andburnedatthestake.In1920shewascanonizedbytheCatholicChurch.

ChristopherColumbus

ChristopherColumbuswasbornin1451Calvi（Corsica）,northwestoftheisland,200kmfromAjaccio.Hewastheoldestoffivechildren.Asachild,hehelpedhisfatherasaweaver.Healwayslikedthesea.Genoawasanimportantseaport.Thereisnodoubtthatasachildhecaughtridesonships.Hehadlittleschoolingbutwasageniuswiththesea.Hisplanwasnottoprovethattheworldwasflat,butitwastofindashortcuttotheSpiceIslands.Hewantedtoestablishacitytherefortrade,seaports,andmuchmore.WhenhegrewintoamanhewasinterestedinsailingtoAsiabygoingwest.FirsthewenttothekingofItalyandpresentedhisideabeforehim.Italywasn'tlookingforawaytoAsia,theywerestillrecievingrichesfromtheiroldtraderoutes.HisthreeshipsweretheSantaMaria,theNina,andthePinta.

One-TankTrip:

Columbus,Ga.

PensacolaNewsJournal-路FOUNDED/ESTABLISHED:

1828.路HISTORY:

Thiscity,namedforChristopherColumbus,islocatedonabluffoverlookingtheChattahoocheeRiver.ItisthethirdlargestcityinGeorgiaandthefourthlargestmetropolitanareainthestate.Coca-Cola...

LittleLeagueteamhasfullsupportfromColumbus

PhiladelphiaEnquirer-COLUMBUS,Ga.-Georgiaschoolsstudentsusuallyareallowednomorethanfivenon-excusedabsencesbeforetheyareconsideredtruant.TheboysofsummerfromColumbuswhoarestillswingingawayintheLittleLeagueWorldSerieshavebeengiventhe...

City:

KnightsfallinColumbus

ToledoBlade-COLUMBUS-St.FrancisdeSalesoutgainedColumbusDeSalesby187yards,butDeSales'specialteamsweresuperiorinknockingofftheKnights24-21lastnightinaseason-opener.AfterKnightsquarterbackMattMeinerthitMikeJesionowskiforasix...

LeonardodaVinci

LeonardodaVinciisbestrememberedasthepainteroftheMonaLisa（1503-1506）andTheLastSupper（1495）.Buthe'salmostequallyfamousforhisastonishingmultiplicityoftalents:

hedabbledinarchitecture,sculpture,engineering,geology,hydraulicsandthemilitaryarts,allwithsuccess,andinhissparetimedoodledparachutesandflyingmachinesthatresembledinventionsofthe19thand20thcenturies.Hemadedetaileddrawingsofhumananatomywhicharestillhighlyregardedtoday.Leonardoalsowasquirkyenoughtowritenotebookentriesinmirror（backwards）script,atrickwhichkeptmanyofhisobservationsfrombeingwidelyknownuntildecadesafterhisdeath.

NicolasCopernicus

NicolasCopernicuswasbornintoawell-to-dofamily,andafterhisfatherdiedin1483hewasputundertheguardianshipofhisuncle,abishopofWarmia（Poland）.HewenttouniversityinKrakowandspentadecadeinItaly,studyinglawandmathematics.AcanonofthecathedralatFrombork,Copernicuscarriedoutadministrativedutiesand,fromhishouse,observedthestarsandplanets.Foryearsheworkedonhistheorythattheplanetsinoursolarsystemrevolvedaroundthesun（PtolemyofancientGreecehadexplainedthattheuniversewasaclosedsystemrevolvingaroundtheearth,andtheCatholicchurchconcurred）.Hesitanttopublishhisworkforfearofbeingchargedwithheresy,Copernicussummarizeditin1530andcirculateditamongEurope'sscholars,whereitwasgreetedwithenthusiasm.Hiswork,titledDerevolutionibusorbiumcoelestiumwasfinallypublishedin1543,apparentlyjustafewweeksbeforehedied

Socrates

Philosopher

SocratesiscreditedwithlayingthefoundationforWesternphilosophicalthought.His"SocraticMethod"involvedaskingprobingquestionsinagive-and-takewhichwouldeventuallyleadtothetruth.Socrates'siconoclasticattitudedidn'tsitwellwitheveryone,andatage70hewaschargedwithheresyandcorruptionoflocalyouth.Convicted,hecarriedoutthedeathsentencebydrinkinghemlock,becomingoneofhistory'searliestmartyrsofconscience.Socrates'smostfamouspupilwasPlato,whointurninstructedthephilosopherAristotle

Confucius

Philosopher

AlsoKnownAs:

KongFu-Zi

Confuciuswasateacher,scholarandminorpoliticalfigure,whosecommentaryonChineseliteraryclassicsdevelopedintoapragmaticphilosophyfordailylife.Notstrictlyreligious,histeachingswereautilitarianapproachtosocialharmonyandthemoralobligationsbetweenindividualsandsocialsystems.

BiographyofMichelangeloBuonarroti

Perhapsthegreatestinfluenceonwesternartinthelastfivecenturies,MichelangelowasanItaliansculptor,architect,painterandpoetintheperiodknownastheHighRenaissance.HisgreatworkswerealmostentirelyintheserviceoftheCatholicChurch,andincludeahugestatueoftheBiblicalheroDavid（over14feettall）inFlorence,sculptedbetween1501and1504,andtheceilingoftheSistineChapelinRome（commissionedbyPopeJuliusII）,paintedbetween1508and1512.After1519Michelangelowasincreasinglyactiveinarchitecture;hedesignedthedomeofSt.Peter'sBasilica,completedafterhisdeath.AlongwithcontemporariesLeonardodaVinciandRaphael,heisconsideredoneofthegreatmastersofEuropeanart.

FerdinandMagellan

Explorer

Portuguesename:

FernaodeMagalhaes

MagellanwasborninPortugal,butitwasundertheSpanishflagthathesailedin1519withtheintentionofreachingtheSpiceIslandsbysailingwestaroundSouthAmerica.AftermuchhardshiphesucceededinreachingandthensailingacrossthePacificOcean.SoonthereafterhewaskilledwhiletryingtosubduethenativesonwhatisnowtheislandofMactaninthePhilippines.Afterstillmorehardships,oneofhisoriginalfiveships,Victoria,eventuallymadeitbacktoSpain.ThoughMagellandidn'tcompletetheentirecircumnavigation,astheexpedition'sleaderheisusuallycreditedwithbeingthefirstmantocircletheglobe

MigueldeCervantes

Writer

Fullname:

MigueldeCervantesSaavedra

CervanteswrotetheepicsatireDonQuixote,regardedasthefirsttruemodernnovel.LittleisknownofCervantes'searlylife;at23heenlistedintheSpanishmilitiaandthenfoughtagainsttheTurksinthebattleofLepanto（1571）whereagunshotwoundpermanentlycrippledhislefthand.HespentfourmoreyearsatseaandthenanotherfiveasaslaveafterbeingcapturedbyBarbarypirates.Ransomedbyhisfamily,hereturnedtoMadridbu