高考英语 考前冲刺精选短文改错分类讲解.docx
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高考英语考前冲刺精选短文改错分类讲解
2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选短文改错分类讲解
高考英语短文改错历来是考生的一个难点,因为它考察的是考生的综合语言运用能力,涵盖英语语言的各个层面。
但是综合分析历年试题我们不难发现短文改错是有规律可循的,考察的常考考点是固定的。
因此,考生只要具备较扎实的英语基础知识,在此基础上明确有那些考点,分解练习各个考点,再综合到短文中有意识的在只要出现考点的地方停顿核查,不断练习,定会有提高。
考点解析:
名词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错的名词考点金太阳新课标资源网主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数,关键是记住常用的不可数名词和集体名词以及复数形式表达不同意义的名词(见核按钮)
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.(waters改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可数)(全国卷)
(2)Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.(time改为times,manytimes意为“许多次”)(全国卷)
(3)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.(library改为libraries,因其前的谓语are为复数)(全国卷)
(4)Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimessoon.(times改为time,sometime意为“某时”)(全国卷)
(5)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.(去掉time,因first已含有“次”的意思)(全国卷)
(6)TheywereeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestion.(question改为questions,因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lotsof)(全国卷)
(7)Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.(subject改为subjects,因afew后应接复数可数名词)(全国卷)
(8)…andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.(match改为matches)(全国卷)
(9)Happybirthday,Peter,andmanyhappyreturnoftheday!
(return改为returns,manyhappyreturnsoftheday!
为祝贺生日的惯用表达)(北京春季卷)
(10)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.(schoolmate改为schoolmates,因校友不只一个,另外根据其后的all也可推知)(全国卷)
(11)Iusedtolovescienceclass—allofthem—biology,chemistry,geography,physics.(class改为classes,指其后提到的所有课程)(北京春季卷)
(12)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily.(family改为home,因athome为固定短语)(全国卷)
(13)…sothatI‘llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(subject改为subjects,请注意前面的all)(全国卷)
(14)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.(picture改为pictures,picture作为可数名词,其前应有限定词,或为复数形式)(全国卷)
(15)Nooneworriesmuchabouttheradioprogramyoungpeoplelistento.(program改为programs,从句意上看,此处应用复数)(北京春季卷)
(16)Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.(word改为words,注意其后的复数动词)(全国卷)
(17)Youknow,thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.“(month改为months,因several后要用可数名词的复数形式)(江苏卷)
(18)…butafterclasswebecomestrangerat?
?
once.(stranger改为strangers,由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数)(全国卷)
(19)YoucanfindallkindsofinformationinjustafewminuteontheInternet.(minute改为minutes,因为afew后面的名词一定是复数)(广西卷)
(20)Nowadaysmillionsofpeopleofallagetakepleasureinahobby…(age改为ages,因谈到不止一个人的年龄,age用复数;ofallages指各个年龄阶段的人(浙江卷)
(21)ShewasdoingherhomeworksoneSundaymorningwhen…(homeworks改为homework,因它是不可数名词,没有复数形式)(福建卷)
(22)Withoutenoughknowledges,?
?
youcanneverteachwell.(knowledges改为knowledge,因knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式)(湖北卷)
(23)Istayhereforoneandahalfhourand……(hour改为hours)
(24)Thesecondmanpointedhisglassandaskediftheangelcouldcurehispooreyesight.(将glass改为glasses.此处指的是眼镜)
(25)Someofhisfriendsgotoseehimeveryday,whotakehimlotsofgoodbookandsomefruit.(将book改为books)
(26)Iwouldliketostaythereforamonth,visitingplaceofinterest…(把place改为places)
(27)Ihadmanywonderfulexperience,butIalsohadabadone.(吧experience改为experiences,次处指经历)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Womenlivelongerthanmeninmostcountry.
(2)Thefilmisveryinteresting.Ihaveseenitmanytime.
(3)It‘ssaidthatallthetickethavebeensoldout.
(4)ThechildrenspendalotoftimeswatchingTV.
(5)Imetalotofinterestingpeoplesonholiday.
(6)Theflowerintheparkwereallpleasing.
(7)Asthedaywentby,shebecamelessanxious.
(8)Computerarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinthecountry.
(9)It‘soneofthemostinterestingbookthatI’veeverread.
(10)HemadehisfirsttimevisittoChinawhenhewas18.
(11)Hearingthenews,thewomanburstintotear.
(12)Hehasn‘tlivedherelong,buthehasagreatmanyfriendhere.
(13)IwasafraidshewouldhaveleftforfamilywhenIgotthere.
(14)He‘sgettingmarriednextmonthanddecidestobuysomefurnitures.
(15)There‘sapaper’sfactorynearourschool.
「参考答案」
(1)country改为countries,因其前的most意为“大多数”。
(2)time改为times,manytimes意为“许多次”。
(3)ticket改为tickets,因它是可数名词,且受allthe的修饰。
(4)times改为time,因time表示“时间”时不可数。
(5)peoples改为people,因people表示“人们”,本身是复数,其后不能再加词尾-s.(注:
复数的peoples表示不同的民族)
(6)flower改为flowers,因为其后的谓语为复数。
(7)day改为days,句意为“随着时间的推移,她变得不那么焦急了”,此处的day应用复数。
(8)computer改为computers,根据句意和其后的谓语are,可知computer要用复数。
(9)book改为books,因oneof后表示范围的名词要用复数。
(10)去掉time,hisfirstvisit即为他第一次访问,其中已包含“次”的概念。
(11)tear改为tears,因tear为可数名词,不要误认为它是不可数名词。
(12)friend改为friends,因agreatmany后要接复数名词。
(13)family改为home,leaveforhome意为“动身回家”。
(14)furnitures改为furniutre,因它是不可数名词。
(15)paper‘s改为paper名词的所有格表示的是所属关系,即所有权,而这里指的是造纸厂而不是“纸的厂"
短文改错考点解析:
从句
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对从句引金太阳新课标资源网导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Inthelastfiveyearsthatthey‘veclimbedchurches,highbuildingsandtelevisiontowers.(去掉that,因此处的inthelastfiveyears为时间状语,其后无需用that)(全国卷)
(2)Charlessaid,“AssoonIseeareallytallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.(I前加as,因为assoonas为引导时间状语从句的引导词)(全国卷)
(3)Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.(since改为when/if/whenever.从句意上看此处用since讲不通,改为if/when/whenever均可)(全国卷)
(4)However,therearestillsomecountriestherepeoplehaveshorterlives.(there改为where,where在此引导定语从句)(全国卷)
(5)…inotherplaceswhereyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofwhichsomemaybenovels.(去掉where,inotherplaces在此为地点状语)(全国卷)
(6)…inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofthatsomemaybenovels.(that改为which,因介词后要用which来引导定语从句)(全国卷)
(7)…andwhetheryoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.(whether改为if,表示“如果”时,不能用whether)(全国卷)
(8)Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.(去掉when或将when改为that,因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语,故只能用关系代词that或将其省略)(全国卷)
(9)IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(where改为which,因此处要填关系代词作主语)(全国卷)
(10)…butitdidn‘tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.(that改为whether,whether与ornot搭配,表示“是否”)(全国卷)
(11)IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.(as改为that,so…that…为固定句式,其中的that引导结果状语从句)(全国卷)
(12)Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained.(it前加why,why在此表原因)(北京春季卷)
(13)Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputitinasecretplacewhereIcouldn‘tfind.(where改为that/which,或去掉where,Icouldn’tfind为修饰place的定语从句,其前用关系代词,也可省略)(北京春季卷)
(14)Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.(we前加when,时间状语从句缺少连词引导)(全国卷)
(15)Besides,Ihavefewfriends,Idon‘tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.(that改为why,why引导宾语从句,表示原因)(年全国卷)
(16)Ihaveagoodfriendwho‘snameisLiuMei.(who’s改为whose,因who‘s=whois,不仅结构错误,而且意思也不通;whose引导定语从句,表示“……的”)(福建卷)
(17)Ithasbeenfiveyearswhenwegraduated,butthosememoriesareassweetaseverbefore.(when改为since,Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since(谓语动词是短暂性动词)是固定句型,意为“自……以来有多久了”)(年天津卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Heisthemanhiscarwasstolen.
(2)That‘sthehotelwhichwewerestayinglastsummer.
(3)That‘sthepalacewherewevisitedlastsummer.
(4)Isuddenlywokeupinmid-night.AnditwasalongtimeIgottosleepagain.
(5)Inthepastfewyearswhenwe‘veplantedthousandsoftreesalongtheriver.
(6)Attheairportwhereallthebaggagemustbeexamined.
(7)HewrotemealetterandaskedIwasgettingon.
(8)ShestayedinFrancefor10years.That‘sshespokeFrenchsowell.
(9)It‘sreallyabeautifulplace,whereeveryonehopestovisit.
(10)Itcostnothing.Anyonecangetitunlesshelikesit.
「参考答案」
(1)his改为whose,whose在此引导定语从句。
(2)which改为where,where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语;此题还可在staying后加in.
(3)where改为which/that,也可去掉where,因visit为及物动词,此处应用关系代词作其宾语(也可省略)。
(4)第二个I前加before,此句意为“过了好久我才又睡着”。
(5)去掉when,否则全句没有主语。
(6)去掉where,否则全句没有主语。
(7)asked后加how,否则句意不通。
(8)That‘s后加why,否则句意不通。
(9)where改为which,which在此引导非限定性定语从句,且在从句中用作宾语(用作visit的宾语)。
(10)unless改为if,否则句意不通。
短文改错考点类析:
并列连词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and,but,or,so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。
严格说来,这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.(and改为but,因此处语意转折)(全国卷)
(2)ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.(all前加and,表示并列关系)(全国卷)
(3)ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan‘taffordtofailit.(but改为and/so,此处表因果关系,并非转折关系)(北京春季卷)
(4)Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.(but改为and,因此处并无转折之意)(全国卷)
(5)Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.(and改为or,avisitor和aguest应是选择关系,意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”)
(6)Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.(and改为but,此处意义发生转折)(全国卷)
(7)I‘mthecaptainofourschoolteamsowithmyfellowplayerswe’vewonseveralgames.(so改为and,表并列关系)(安徽春季卷)
(8)Mygrandmawasthebestcookintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.(but改为and,此处表示并列,而不是转折)(江苏卷)
(9)Soonceyou‘vestartedcollectingseriously,you…(So改为But,因为前后是转折关系)(年浙江卷)
(10)Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.(去掉but,因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词as(=though虽然),千万不要受汉语句式“虽然……但是……”的影响,而重复用连词)(福建卷)
(11)Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.(but改为and,因为teach/play与watch是并列关系,而不是转折关系)(湖北卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Doyouwantabathatonce,andshallIhaveminefirst?
(2)Areyougoingtocleanyourcarbeforeandaftersupper?
(3)Hurryup,andyou‘llbelateforschool.
(4)Sheneversaidshewasrich,andshewas.
(5)MrSmithworkedveryhardsowithoutanysuccess.
(6)Everyoneaskedmetogo,butIwent.
「参考答案」
(1)and改为or,or在此表选择。
(2)and改为or,or在此表选