非谓语动词作主宾表定状补.docx

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非谓语动词作主宾表定状补.docx

非谓语动词作主宾表定状补

语法探究----非谓语动词(作主语,宾语,表语)

主语

宾语

表语

 

不定式

(todo)

否定形式:

nottodo

 

表示特定的某一次具体的动作。

①Tofinishtheworkintendaysisveryhard.

②Tochangethewholeplanisverydifficult.

 

{说明}有时可用it作形式主语,将作真正主语的不定式后置。

①Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintendays.

②Itisverydifficulttochangethewholeplan.

常跟在一些动词后作宾语,如decide/refuse/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/promise等

①Weagreedtomeethere.

②Hemanagedtocatchsightofsomemountaingoats.

{说明}在下列结构中,用it作形式宾语而将作宾语的不定式后置。

find/think/considerit+adj.+todo

③Wethoughtitbettertostartearly.

④Ifindithardtoworkwithhim.

表示将来的打算或目的。

①Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.

他的愿望是在不久的将来买辆车。

②Thenextstepistomakesureofthetime.

下一步是把时间弄清楚。

 

--ing形式(doing)

否定形式:

notdoing

 

表示经常性的抽象的行为。

①Swimmingisabestsportinsummer.

②Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass(指南针).

{说明}在下列句型中唱常用it作形式主语。

Itisnousedoingsth.

Itisnogooddoingsth.

Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.

常跟在介词,某些动词或动词短语后作宾语。

如:

miss/avoid/finish/

practice/enjoy/suggest/permit/imagine/can’thelp/giveup/lookforwardto/spendtime(in)doingsth/havedifficulty(in)doingsth等

①You’dbetteravoidmeetinghim.

②Heispractisingplayingthepiano.

1)表示主语的特点“令人……的”

①Thebookisinteresting.

②Thenewsisexciting.

2)表示主语的具体内容。

③Hisjobisdeliveringnewspapers.

④WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.

过去分词(done)

 

×

 

×

表示主语所处的状态“…的”

①Thedoorremainedlocked.

②Heseemedquitepleasedattheidea.

语法填空

1.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand___________(correct)them.

2.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______________(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.

3.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_____________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.

4.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter_____________(remain)silent.

5.Ladexdoesn’tfeellike__(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.

6.Billsuggested_____(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.

7.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad______(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.

8.Ican’tstand____________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.

9.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.__________(have)theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.

10.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk________(lose)thegoodopportunity.

11.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.

12._____________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchwilldoharmtoone’sskin.

13.Itiscompletelyuntrue________(say),assomepeopledo,thatmoderneducationisnothing.

非谓语动词(作定语)

非谓语动词

作定语时所表达的含义

 

不定式(todo)

被动:

tobedone

①表将来的动作(将来的被动动作用tobedone)

Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwilljointhetwotowns.

Ihavealotofworktodo.

②当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用不定式作定语

Hewasthefirsttogettothestation.

③固定搭配,如theabilitytodo,thewaytodo等

 

--ing分词(doing)

被动:

beingdone

①表示中心词的用途

Thewashingmachineneedstoberepaired.

②表示中心词的特点“令人……的”

Thisisamovingstory.

③表示主动或正在进行的动作。

(若表示被动的动作正在进行,用beingdone)

Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.

Whoistheboystandingbythewindow?

过去分词(done)

①表示中心词所处的状态“……的”

Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。

②表示一个被动的动作。

Themeetingheldyesterdaywassuccessful.

 

语法填空

1.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.

2.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope____________(provide).

3.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke(rise)frombehindthehouse.

4.Theisland,___(join)tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.

5.Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath___(lead)uptothehouse.

6.Theability_____(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.

7.Ihavealotofreadings_______________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

8.Agreatnumberofstudents(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.

9.Withthegovernment’said,those___________(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.

10---Canthose(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?

---Noproblem.

非谓语动词(作宾语补足语,状语)

(一)非谓语动词作宾语补足语

不定式、现在分词和过去分词通常用在下列句型中作宾语补足语

1)感官动词see/watch/notice/observe/lookat/listento/hear/feel/find+宾语+doing/done/do

(doing表示动作在进行;done表示被动或状态;do表示动作全过程)

注:

find后一般不加do

①Weheardhimsingingwhenwecamein.

②Isawherenterthebuilding.

③Ifoundhimbeatenblackandblue.

2)使役动词have+宾语+doing/done/do(doing表动作在进行;done表被动;do表将来的动作)

①Shehadheraudiencelisteningcarefully.

②I’llhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.

③I’llhaveTomshowyouaroundthecity.

3)使役动词get+宾语+doing/done/todo(doing表动作在进行;done表被动;todo表将来的动作)

①Shegotheraudiencelisteningcarefully.

②I’llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.

③I’llgetTomtoshowyouaroundthecity.

4)with+宾语+doing/done/todo(doing表动作在进行;done表被动;todo表将来的动作)

①Withallthisworktodo,Idon’tknowifI’llhavetimetogoout.

②InpartofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.

③Withtheproblemsolved,thequalityofproducthasbeenimproved.

5)使役动词make+宾语+done/do(done表被动或状态;do表主动)

①Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.

②Heraisedhisvoicetomakeallofushearhim.

③Iwonderwhatmadehimworried.

6)使役动词keep/leave+宾语+doing/done(doing表动作在进行;done表被动或状态)

①I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformeforsolong.

②Whatshehastoldusleftusthinkingalot.

7)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有:

ask/tell/force/allow/wish/persuade/encourage/remind/permit/warn/expect等

①Heaskedmetoleaveatonce.

②Hiswifepersuadedhimtoloseweight.

语法填空

1.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_____________(speak)tothenewstudents.

2.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_____________(follow)them.

3.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself__(remind)ofhisowndreams.

4.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues___(amuse)withherstories.

5.Alexandertriedtogethiswork______________(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.

6.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork__________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.

7.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish__________(improve)inashortperiod.

8.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem___________(interest)inhislectures.

 

(二)非谓语动词作状语

非谓语

动词

作状语时所表达的含义

 

动词不定式

(todo)

 

1)表目的。

Thewholefamilywenttothebeachtospendtheirweekend.

2)表结果。

①Atthattime,shewastooyoungtounderstandthis.

②Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.(强调出乎意料的结果)

③Themanishardtodealwith.

这个人很难对付。

3)表产生某种情绪的原因。

常用于句型“sbbe+表情感的形容词+不定式”

(注意:

在这一结构中的不定式有时态和语态的变化:

①如果某种情绪与不定式的动作同时发生,就用不定式的一般式todo/tobedone;②若强调不定式的动作发生在某种情绪之前,就用不定式的完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendone)

①Allofuswereshockedtohearthenews.

②Goodbye,Mrs.Green.Iwasverypleasedtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.

 

--ing分词

Doing

有时态和语态变化

 

--ing分词作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子,作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随或让步状语;也可作结果状语,表示一种顺其自然的结果。

1)doing:

表示与谓语动词同时发生的主动动作。

①Hewaswalkingalongthestreet,lookingthiswayandthat.(伴随状语)

②Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.(原因状语)

③Talkingandlaughing,thestudentslefttheclassroom.(伴随状语)

④Seeingfromthetopofthehill,youwillfindtheparkismorebeautiful.(条件状语)

⑤Hearingthenews,theyjumpedupanddownwithgreatjoy.(时间状语)

⑥Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.(结果状语)

2)havingdone表示发生在谓语动词之前的主动动作;

havingbeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作。

①HavinglivedinLondonforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.(原因状语)

②Havingbeenshownaroundthelab,wewerethentakentothedinningroom.(时间状语)

 

过去

分词

done

 

过去分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随或让步状语,与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系(即被动关系)或者表示主语所处的状态。

①Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.(条件状语)

②Askedwhyhedidit,themonitorsaiditwashisduty.(时间状语)

③Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,followedbyherassistants.(伴随状语)

④Tiredwiththejourney,hesoonfellasleep.(原因状语)

⑤Hesatthere,lostinthought.(伴随状语)

语法填空

1.Tonylentmethemoney,______(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.

2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather____________(permit).

3._______(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

4._______(stand)inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.

5.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.

6.______(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.

7.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.

8.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank__________(buy)presentsformydad.

9.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

10._______(tire)andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.

11.________(show)aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.

12._________(face)withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.

13.___________(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

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