版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教测评二必修1Unit2 Englisharoundtheworld.docx
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版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教测评二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld
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核心素养测评二
必修1 Unit2 Englisharoundtheworld
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoknowhowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy(争议):
whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoollethimteachacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingstrange:
amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?
AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?
Itwas1955.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”
1.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______.
A.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B.achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage
C.anapproachtomakethegrammaticalstructureofalanguagesimple
D.atrytoclearmisunderstandingabouttheuseoflanguage
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。
根据第一段的Theyofferanewway...orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.可知,手语提供了一种新方法,用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言,并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的,还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释。
故手语是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战,所以选B。
2.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewascausedby______.
A.afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B.aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C.anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
D.someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一段的ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.以及第二段的WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish可知,现在对手语的兴趣是由BillStokoe,一位教英语的老师激发的。
故选C。
3.MosteducatorswereagainstStokoe’sideabecausetheythought______.
A.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B.signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C.alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D.alanguagecouldonlylieintheformofspeechsounds
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulationofsound.可知,大多数教育者认为语言是建立在说,也就是声音的调节上。
故选D。
4.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat______.
A.signlanguageisasusefulasanyotherlanguage
B.signlanguagecomesfromnaturallanguage
C.languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes
D.languageisaproductofthebrain
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据最后一段的“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”可知,Stokoe认为signlanguage是大脑的产物。
故D项正确。
D中的aproductofthebrain是对原文中brainstuff的同义表达。
B世纪金榜导学号
Thebest-knownexampleofexternal(外部的)influencecausinglanguagechangeisthe“Americanization”ofworldculture,whichhascausedEnglishwordstoappearincitystreetsallovertheworld.Theeffectismostnoticeableinpopmusic.ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish,andthewordsarepickedupandrepeatedinthesamelanguageeverywhere,evenbychildrenwhootherwisehavelittleornocommandofthelanguage.IoncemetaBrazilianchildofabouttenwhocouldcount“one,two,three”,butonlybyaddingthewords“o’clock,fouro’clockrock”attheend.
SomepeopleareoftenstronglycriticaloftheinfluenceofEnglishontheirlanguage—especiallywhenanEnglishwordreplacesatraditionalword.In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalent(意义相同的)Frenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlawdespitetheevidencethatsuchlawshaveverylittleeffect,andthatthearrivalofloanwords(外来词)cangreatlyenrichalanguage(asindeedinthecaseofEnglishitself,whichhasalonghistoryofwelcomingforeignwords).
However,noteveryoneiscritical.Inparticular,commercialfirmsandadvertisersarewellawareofthepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring.InJapan,Englishisevenusedintelevisioncommercials,despitethefactthatthemajorityofviewerswouldnotunderstandexactlywhatwasbeingsaid.TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglishisapparentlyenoughtocommandthestrategytotheadvertisers.
MostoftheinfluenceofEnglishisuponthevocabularyofforeignlanguages,butsurveysareslowlybringingtolightseveralcaseswherewordorderorwordstructurehasbeenaffected.Sentencesofthetype“Thebooksellswell”,usinganactiveconstructionforapassivemeaning,havebeguntoappearinDanish(Bogensoelgergodt).SeverallanguageskeeptheEnglishpluralendingwhentheymakeuseofaloanword,anddonottranslateitintothenativeform,e.g.drinks.Therearemanyothersuchcases.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响,最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”,它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。
这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。
5.WhycouldtheBrazilianchildspeak‘one,two,three’inEnglish?
A.Becausehehadseenthesewordsinthestreet.
B.BecauseheknewhowtotellthetimeinEnglish.
C.BecausehehadmadehimselfmasterofEnglish.
D.Becausehehadheardthesewordsinsongsalot.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
根据第一段“ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish...butonlybyaddingthewords‘o’clock,fouro’clockrock’attheend.”可知,文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语,但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放,所以他学会了用英语说这些数字。
故选D。
6.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinFrancein1977?
A.Itwasstrict.
B.Itwasunfair.
C.Itwasoftenignored.
D.Itwasstronglyopposed.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据第二段“In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalentFrenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.”可知,1977年,法国通过了一项法律,禁止在官方场合使用与法语意义相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。
故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视,故选C。
7.WhatisthepurposeofsomeJapanesecommercialsusingEnglish?
A.FollowingtheAmericantrend.
B.Becomingworld-famous.
C.EnrichingJapanese.
D.Increasingsales.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第三段中thepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring以及TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglish可知,广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色,激发人们的购买欲。
故选D。
8.Thelastparagraphismainlydevelopedby______.
A.providingexamples
B.makingcomparisons
C.explaininggrammarrules
D.analyzinglanguagechanges
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。
故选A。
9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechange?
A.Critical. B.Objective.
C.Concerned.D.Supportive.
【解析】选B。
观点态度题。
文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角,引用了不同人的观点和意见,作者本身没有发表看法,因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”,故选B。
【知识拓展】背景链接
来自汉语的英语词汇
bonsai盆栽(花卉) Confucius孔子
coolie苦力Kowtow叩头;磕头
kungfu功夫mahjong麻将
silk丝Taiji太极
tea茶(闽南语)tofu豆腐
typhoon台风oolong乌龙茶
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ifeltgloomy(沮丧的)theotherday.Theweatherhadbeendarkandrainy,andIjustdidn’tfeelso 1 .
AsIwassittingatmydeskI 2 itwasthebirthdayofadearlong-timefriend—asinglemiddle-agedwomanwhohasdevotedthepast30yearstonursingandlovesher 3 .Knowingthatshedoesn’thavefamilyintownI 4 togiveheracall.SureenoughshewasonB-shift, 5 toworklateintotheeveningandwouldn’thavemuchofabirthdaythisyear.Asalways, 6 ,shesoundedcheerfulandwashappythatI 7 .
AfterIhungupIcouldn’t 8 thefeelingthatshewouldreallyappreciatealittleattentiononherspecialday. 9 feelingalittlegloomymyself,Itriedtoputitoutofmy 10 ,butasthedaypassedIcouldn’tshakethethought.I 11 gavein,andthateveningsetofftothehospitalwithacard,acheesecake,andsomeballoons.Myfriend’sgratefulsmileandjoyfulsurprise 12 meI’ddonetherightthingandwereagenerous 13 forthelittleeffortithadtaken.
WhenIgothomeIrealizedthatnotonlyhadIcheeredupa 14 friendonherbirthdaybutmyowngloomyfeelingshadalso 15 .Makingherdayhadmademyown!
That’strue 16 wetakethetimeandmaketheefforttodosomethingforsomeoneelse.It’slikethelittlesaying“Lovingkindnessistwiceblessed;itblesseshimwhogives,andhimwho 17 .”
Cheeringuppeopleontheirbirthdaysisn’ttheonlythingwecandotomaketheirday.Lifeconstantlypresentsuswith 18 totakeanextrastepordoakinddeedthatwillmakea 19 tosomeone.Andthe 20 thingisthataswedo,itchangesthingsforthebetterforustoo.
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。
文章讲述了作者通过给一个