判断代词指代内容题解读.docx

判断代词指代内容题解读.docx

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判断代词指代内容题解读

判断代词指代内容题解读

　　代词指代题要求考生根据语境判断代词（如it，they，them，this，that等）究竟指代什么，题干中经常有referto。

　　从指代内容的位置上看，通常都在前一句中或同一句的前部分，但也有的在它前面几个句子中，很少出现在后面的句子中。

　　找的方法是由代词的单复数确定指代的名词的单复数，另外还要考虑指人还是指物等。

找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理通顺，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。

　　1.指代内容在同一句中

　　[例1]（2013辽宁卷D篇?

72）Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO，CarlPearson，decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey，whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain，whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.

　　△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto？

　　A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurants

　　B.Sparrowrestaurants

　　C.Customersofotherfast-foodchains

　　D.otherfast-foodchains

　　解析：

因Sparrowrestaurants的消费者对其连锁店持积极的态度，而其他快餐连锁的顾客却不会轻易舍弃他们原来的选择，所以Sparrow才要开发一种新的促销运动。

故选D。

　　2.指代内容在前一句

　　[例2]（2013江苏卷D篇?

69）Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy，forexample，bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography（自传）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth―mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face―andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.

　　△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto？

　　A.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.

　　C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.

　　解析：

根据前一句的Twainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality，和本句中...thattheydidnot，可知they指代theshows。

故选D。

　　3.指代内容在前两句

　　[例3]（2013四川卷B篇?

36）Two12-year-oldboys，ChristianandJack，rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.Oncethey’drowedbeyondthecalmwaters，abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatchforitandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.

　　△Whatdoes“it”inParagraph2referto？

　　A.Thebeach.B.Thewater.C.Theboat.D.Thewind.

　　解析：

风力把小船吹向开阔的水域，所以两个男孩试图把船划回岸边，但是根本不是风力的对手。

故选D。

　　从指代的内容上看，有的指代一个名词，有的指代一个短语，也有的指代一个句子等。

　　1.指代一个名词

　　[例4]（2015年湖南卷A篇?

59）Otherroadusers，includinghorseriders，managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists？

It’sabouttimetheyhadtoberegisteredandinsured，sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle，orcauseanaccident，atleasttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim.　　△Theunderlinedword“they”inthethirdletterrefersto___________.

　　A.accidentsB.vehiclesC.pedestrianD.cyclists

　　解析：

因they所在句的三个they都是指前句Otherroadusers，includinghorseriders，managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists？

（连骑马的人都要遵守规矩，为何骑行者不遵守呢？

）中的cyclists，故选D。

　　2.指代一个短语

　　[例5]（2015重庆卷D篇?

48）Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure，providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses，professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers.Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience.

　　△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”referto？

　　A.FloodedwatersB.Wildlifejourney

　　C.SafaricampsD.Uniquerides

　　解析：

前两句列举了safaricamps的种种好处，从而说明它们拥有很好的名声，所以They指代的是safaricamps，故选C。

　　3.指代两个短语

　　[例6]（2013广东卷B篇?

32）However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogetreallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10，000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it’llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.

　　△InParagraph2，theunderlinedword“that”refersto_____.

　　A.beinggoodatsomething

　　B.settingapracticalgoal

　　C.puttinginmoretime

　　D.succeedinginlife

　　解析：

根据前面句，可知此处it指代的是setagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical。

故选B。

　　4.指代一个句子

　　[例7]（2014湖北卷E篇?

67）Formostcitypeople，theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains，jets，andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator，theypointout，therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuildings，andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.

　　△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto？

　　A.Thegeneralviewofelevators.

　　B.Theparticularinterestsofexperts.

　　C.Thedesireforaremarkablemachine.

　　D.Theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.

　　解析：

文章第一句就说了城市里的人对电梯的看法，觉得它不像火车、飞机一样带来的热忱和兴趣，而一个小电梯公司的成员Dr.ChristopherWilk认为这个看法是一个误解，故选A。

　　5.指两三个句子

　　[例8]（2014年辽宁卷C篇?

31）Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”，usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration，transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed，wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying，butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry，wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.　　△Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto

　　.

　　A.how“treesocieties”work

　　B.howtreesgrowold

　　C.howforestryindustrydevelops

　　D.howyoungtreessurvive

　　解析：

前一段讲述了森林社会里的一种运作方式，即母亲树在死去时会把营养和矿物质等传递给年轻的树木，以帮助他们继续生长，故此it指代的是前面几句话的内容，选A。

　　即时练习

　　请根据下列选段给每小题选出最佳选项。

　　1.（2015浙江卷C篇51）Instead，wearediurnalcreatures，witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact，eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight：

We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.

　　△Whatdoes“it”（Paragraph1）mostprobablyreferto？

　　A.ThenightB.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet

　　2.（2015福建卷B篇?

61）Thus，Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Though，aschildren，wethoughtthiswascrazy，itwouldneverhaveoccurredtoustodenyPapaarequest.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday；nomatterhowinsignificant，itwasnevertakenlightly.Papawouldlistencarefullyandwasreadywithsomecomment，alwaystothepoint.

　　△Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“__________”.

　　A.onenewthingB.arequest

　　C.thenewsD.somecomment

　　3.（2015四川卷E篇?

48）“Whydon’ttheyjusttryrollingthethings？

Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides”，herealized.That，henotes，shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare”.Sohetriedit.

　　△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto？

　　A.Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.

　　B.Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.

　　C.Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.

　　D.Rollingtheblockswithfat.

　　4.（2014大纲卷B篇?

60）WaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse.However，hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters，suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables（寓言）intocartoonmovies.

　　△Whatdosetheunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphreferto？

　　A.Suchwonderfulthings.

　　B.Otherwell-lovedcharacters.

　　C.Oldfables.

　　D.Cartoonmovies.

　　5.（2014年安徽卷E篇?

73）WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets，attractingratsanddiseases.Theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost（把……制成堆粪）thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers（化肥）whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst，theywererefused，butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade，theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14，000.