版《188套重组优化卷》高考英语总复习Section 16 短文改错.docx
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版《188套重组优化卷》高考英语总复习Section16短文改错
Section16 短文改错
解题技巧
一、分清错误的类型，对症下药
1．缺词
短文改错中所缺的词常常是冠词、介词、代词等虚词，它通常与词的搭配相关，比如：
见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠词；见到动词，可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词；见到某些固定表达，如infact，assoonas等，应考虑是否完整；还有某些短语加冠词与不加冠词意义不同，如infrontof，inthefrontof；某些短语加介词与不加介词用法不同，如：
asaresult，asaresultof。
高考常考点具体如下表所示：
命题角度
考查点
解题思路
名词
冠词
名词前是否缺冠词
动词
介词或代词
不及物动词后是否缺介词，及物动词后是否缺少代词
不定式
不定式符号to
不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的不定式符号to
被动语态
助动词be
被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be
固定表达
习惯表达法
习惯表达法中是否漏了不可缺少的词
典型例题：
①InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.
答案及分析：
在as后加a。
car是可数名词，此处表示“有一辆汽车冲了过来”，表泛指，故要用a。
②Forexample，howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleftthelightsortelevisionwhennooneelsewasthere?
答案及分析：
在television后面加on。
句意：
例如，当那里没人的时候，有多少次你让电灯或电视开着就离开了房间？
leave...on表示“让……开着”。
③TherewasoneinparticularI’dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn’tlooking.
答案及分析：
在put后加it。
及物动词put后缺少宾语，代替“我特别想要的那个玩具”要用it。
2．多词
短文改错中多余的词常常是虚词，如冠词、介词、代词、副词、连词等。
一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词、副词或其他词；另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其他词。
高考常考点具体如下表所示：
命题角度
考查点
解题思路
名词
冠词
抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词表泛指是否多了冠词
动词
介词
及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词
不定式
不定式符号to
不定式是否多了应该省略的不定式符号to
时间或地
点状语
介词
时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词
形容词、
副词
比较结构
形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了more或most
固定表达
习惯表达法
习惯表达中是否画蛇添足
典型例题：
①Otherwise，itisimpossibleforthemtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiptolastlong.
答案及分析：
把last前的to去掉。
make表示“使，让”，后面接宾语补足语时，用省略to的不定式，构成makesbdosth结构。
②Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.
答案及分析：
把great前的a去掉或者把efforts改为effort。
固定表达makeaneffort或者makeefforts表示“努力”。
③Iguessed，evenatthatage，Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoyorfacemycousinagain；IwouldalwaysknowI’ddonesomethingwrong.
答案及分析：
把enjoy后的to去掉。
固定表达enjoydoing...表示“喜欢做某事”。
3．错词
错词是短文改错题中最主要的错误类型，错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误，实词用法错误，同（近）义、形似词选择错误等。
但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注，对于平时常常疏忽、易出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。
高考常考点具体见前面的第二部分短文改错错误类型分析。
二、保持原意的原则
做题时应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能随便改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系，只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑关系错误进行改正，且小改不能大改。
换词不能改意，加词不能增意，去词不能减意。
如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其善者而从之。
典型例题：
①Themorefriendswehave，themorewecanlearnforoneanother，andthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.
答案及分析：
将for改为from。
固定表达learnfromsb向某人学习，符合语境。
也有同学把for改为about，learnabout了解……的有关情况，但改变了原意，作者想说的是“相互学习”，而不是“相互了解情况”。
②TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents’andmadeourownwayhome.
答案及分析：
将They改为We。
根据语篇和后面的ourownway和句意可知，这里指的是“我们”。
也有同学把our改为their，但改变了原意，整篇文章叙述用的是第一人称，如果改成their就与语篇的人称不相符。
A
（2016·全国Ⅰ）MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig，buttheRestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomePeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead，hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.
B
（2016·全国Ⅱ）Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.
C
（2016·全国Ⅲ）Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However，myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime，Ieverfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast，Iwillbeonmyown，butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.
D
（2016·四川高考）ItisMother’sDaytoday.Thoughit’sawesternfestival,it’spopularinChinanow.
Momhasafull－timejob，soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.Sheisagreatmother.BothDadorIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse，andthenwentonshopping.Whenhecameback，Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.Atdinner，wesaidtoher，“HappyMother’sDay！
”Momwasgratefulandmoving.
E
（2016·浙江高考）WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday，we’dgreetheratthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowingus.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!
MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere.
A
（2015·全国Ⅰ）WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately，onthedevelopmentofindustrialization，theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso，we’lllivetoregretit.
B
（2015·全国Ⅱ）Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater，Tonysawparents.Momsaid，“Hownicetoseeyouagain！
DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.
C
（2015·浙江高考）Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.Ontheleft－handsideoftheclass，Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Inthemornings，itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.Fartherinthedistance，Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.
D
（2015·陕西高考）Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.
Ataparty，mycoach，withabiscuitinhismouth，askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked，“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”
Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!
E
（2015·四川高考）
Hi,Janice，
It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.
AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.Wehangouttogetherduringlunchandafterschool.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasatime－wastingactivity!
Infact，Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?
Ifyouareme，wouldyoutalktohim?
Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.
Grace
F
（2014·新课标全国Ⅰ）Nearlyfiveyearsbefore，andwiththehelpbyourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden.Sincethen－foralltheseyear－wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself－seedwheretheyplease.Asresult，theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize，butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
G
（2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ）Mydreamschoolstartsat8：
30a．m.andendsat3：
30p．m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore，wehavemoretimewithafter－schoolactivities.Forexample，wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.
Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest，orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.
H
（2014·浙江高考）IwastakingatraintoLondon’sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.
Beforelong，atraininspectorcomestocheckourtickets.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingtheti
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