美国总统富兰克林.docx

美国总统富兰克林.docx

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美国总统富兰克林

美国总统（富兰克林

firstinauguraladdress

delivered4march1933

presidenthoover,mr.chiefjustice,myfriends:

thisisadayofnationalconsecration.andiamcertainthatonthisdaymyfellowamericansexpectthatonmyinductionintothepresidency,iwilladdressthemwithacandorandadecisionwhichthepresentsituationofourpeopleimpels.

thisispreeminentlythetimetospeakthetruth,thewholetruth,franklyandboldly.norneedweshrinkfromhonestlyfacingconditionsinourcountrytoday.thisgreatnationwillendure,asithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.

so,firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself--nameless,unreasoning,unjustifiedterrorwhichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.ineverydarkhourofournationallife,aleadershipoffranknessandofvigorhasmetwiththatunderstandingandsupportofthepeoplethemselveswhichisessentialtovictory.andiamconvincedthatyouwillagaingivethatsupporttoleadershipinthesecriticaldays.

insuchaspiritonmypartandonyourswefaceourcommondifficulties.theyconcern,thankgod,onlymaterialthings.valueshaveshrunktofantasticlevels;taxeshaverisen;ourabilitytopayhasfallen;governmentofallkindsisfacedbyseriouscurtailmentofincome;themeansofexchangearefrozeninthecurrentsoftrade;thewitheredleavesofindustrialenterpriselieoneveryside;farmersfindnomarketsfortheirproduce;andthesavingsofmanyyearsinthousandsoffamiliesaregone.moreimportant,ahostofunemployedcitizensfacethegrimproblemofexistence,andanequallygreatnumbertoilwithlittlereturn.onlyafoolishoptimistcandenythedarkrealitiesofthemoment.

andyetourdistresscomesfromnofailureofsubstance.wearestrickenbynoplagueoflocusts.comparedwiththeperilswhichourforefathersconquered,becausetheybelievedandwerenotafraid,wehavestillmuchtobethankfulfor.naturestilloffersherbountyandhumaneffortshavemultipliedit.plentyisatourdoorstep,butageneroususeofitlanguishesintheverysightofthesupply.

primarily,thisisbecausetherulersoftheexchangeofmankindsgoodshavefailed,throughtheirownstubbornnessandtheirownincompetence,haveadmittedtheirfailure,andhaveabdicated.practicesoftheunscrupulousmoneychangersstandindictedinthecourtofpublicopinion,rejectedbytheheartsandmindsofmen.

true,theyhavetried.buttheireffortshavebeencastinthepatternofanoutworntradition.facedbyfailureofcredit,theyhaveproposedonlythelendingofmoremoney.strippedofthelureofprofitbywhichtoinduceourpeopletofollowtheirfalseleadership,theyhaveresortedtoexhortations,pleadingtearfullyforrestoredconfidence.theyonlyknowtherulesofagenerationofself-seekers.theyhavenovision,andwhenthereisnovisionthepeopleperish.

yes,themoneychangershavefledfromtheirhighseatsinthetempleofourcivilization.wemaynowrestorethattempletotheancienttruths.themeasureofthatrestorationliesintheextenttowhichweapplysocialvaluesmorenoblethanmeremonetaryprofit.

happinessliesnotinthemerepossessionofmoney;itliesinthejoyofachievement,inthethrillofcreativeeffort.thejoy,themoralstimulationofworknolongermustbeforgotteninthemadchaseofevanescentprofits.thesedarkdays,myfriends,willbeworthalltheycostusiftheyteachusthatourtruedestinyisnottobeministereduntobuttoministertoourselves,toourfellowmen.

recognitionofthatfalsityofmaterialwealthasthestandardofsuccessgoeshandinhandwiththeabandonmentofthefalsebeliefthatpublicofficeandhighpoliticalpositionaretobevaluedonlybythestandardsofprideofplaceandpersonalprofit;andtheremustbeanendtoaconductinbankingandinbusinesswhichtoooftenhasgiventoasacredtrustthelikenessofcallousandselfishwrongdoing.smallwonderthatconfidencelanguishes,foritthrivesonlyonhonesty,onhonor,onthesacrednessofobligations,onfaithfulprotection,andonunselfishperformance;withoutthemitcannotlive.

restorationcalls,however,notforchangesinethicsalone.thisnationisaskingforaction,andactionnow.

ourgreatestprimarytaskistoputpeopletowork.thisisnounsolvableproblemifwefaceitwiselyandcourageously.itcanbeaccomplishedinpartbydirectrecruitingbythegovernmentitself,treatingthetaskaswewouldtreattheemergencyofawar,butatthesametime,throughthisemployment,accomplishinggreat--greatlyneededprojectstostimulateandreorganizetheuseofourgreatnaturalresources.

handinhandwiththatwemustfranklyrecognizetheoverbalanceofpopulationinourindustrialcentersand,byengagingonanationalscaleinaredistribution,endeavortoprovideabetteruseofthelandforthosebestfittedfortheland.

yes,thetaskcanbehelpedbydefiniteeffortstoraisethevaluesofagriculturalproducts,andwiththisthepowertopurchasetheoutputofourcities.itcanbehelpedbypreventingrealisticallythetragedyofthegrowinglossthroughforeclosureofoursmallhomesandourfarms.itcanbehelpedbyinsistencethatthefederal,thestate,andthelocalgovernmentsactforthwithonthedemandthattheircostbedrasticallyreduced.itcanbehelpedbytheunifyingofreliefactivitieswhichtodayareoftenscattered,uneconomical,unequal.itcanbehelpedbynationalplanningforandsupervisionofallformsoftransportationandofcommunicationsandotherutilitiesthathaveadefinitelypubliccharacter.therearemanywaysinwhichitcanbehelped,butitcanneverbehelpedbymerelytalkingaboutit.

wemustact.wemustactquickly.

andfinally,inourprogresstowardsaresumptionofwork,werequiretwosafeguardsagainstareturnoftheevilsoftheoldorder.theremustbeastrictsupervisionofallbankingandcreditsandinvestments.theremustbeanendtospeculationwithotherpeoplesmoney.andtheremustbeprovisionforanadequatebutsoundcurrency.

these,myfriends,arethelinesofattack.ishallpresentlyurgeuponanewcongressinspecialsessiondetailedmeasuresfortheirfulfillment,andishallseektheimmediateassistanceofthe48states.

throughthisprogramofactionweaddressourselvestoputtingourownnationalhouseinorderandmakingincomebalanceoutgo.ourinternationaltraderelations,thoughvastlyimportant,areinpointoftime,andnecessity,secondarytotheestablishmentofasoundnationaleconomy.ifavor,asapracticalpolicy,theputtingoffirstthingsfirst.ishallsparenoefforttorestoreworldtradebyinternationaleconomicreadjustment;buttheemergencyathomecannotwaitonthataccomplishment.

thebasicthoughtthatguidesthesespecificmeansofnationalrecoveryisnotnationally--narrowlynationalistic.itistheinsistence,asafirstconsideration,upontheinterdependenceofthevariouselementsinandpartsoftheunitedstatesofamerica--arecognitionoftheoldandpermanentlyimportantmanifestationoftheamericanspiritofthepioneer.itisthewaytorecovery.itistheimmediateway.itisthestrongestassurancethatrecoverywillendure.

inthefieldofworldpolicy,iwoulddedicatethisnationtothepolicyofthegoodneighbor:

theneighborwhoresolutelyrespectshimselfand,becausehedoesso,respectstherightsofothers;theneighborwhorespectshisobligationsandrespectsthesanctityofhisagreementsinandwithaworldofneighbors.

ifireadthetemperofourpeoplecorrectly,wenowrealize,aswehaveneverrealizedbefore,ourinterdependenceoneachother;thatwecannotmerelytake,butwemustgiveaswell;thatifwearetogoforward,wemustmoveasatrainedandloyalarmywillingtosacrificeforthegoodofacommondiscipline,becausewithoutsuchdisciplinenoprogresscanbemade,noleadershipbecomeseffective.

weare,iknow,readyandwillingtosubmitourlivesandourpropertytosuchdiscipline,becauseitmakespossiblealeadershipwhichaimsatthelargergood.this,iproposetooffer,pledgingthatthelargerpurposeswillbinduponus,binduponusallasasacredobligationwithaunityofdutyhithertoevokedonlyintimesofarmedstrife.

withthispledgetaken,iassumeunhesitatinglytheleadershipofthisgreatarmyofourpeoplededicatedtoadisciplinedattackuponourcommonproblems.

actioninthisimage,actiontothisendisfeasibleundertheformofgovernmentwhichwehaveinheritedfromourancestors.ourconstitutionissosimple,sopracticalthatitispossiblealwaystomeetextraordinaryneedsbychangesinemphasisandarrangementwithoutlossofessentialform.thatiswhyourconstitutionalsystemhasproveditselfthemostsuperblyenduringpoliticalmechanismthemodernworldhaseverseen.

ithasmeteverystressofvastexpansionofterritory,offoreignwars,ofbitterinternalstrife,ofworldrelations.anditistobehopedthatthenormalbalanceofexecutiveandlegislativeauthoritymaybewhollyequal,whollyadequatetomeettheunprecedentedtaskbeforeus.butitmaybethatanunprecedenteddemandandneedforundelayedactionmaycallfortemporarydeparturefromthatnormalbalanceofpublicprocedure.

iampreparedundermyconstitutionaldutytorecommendthemeasuresthatastrickennationinthemidstofastrickenworldmayrequire.thesemeasures,orsuchothermeasuresasthecongressmaybuildoutofitsexperienceandwisdom,ishallseek,withinmyconstitutionalauthority,tobringtospeedyadoption.

but,intheeventthatthecongressshallfailtotakeoneofthesetwocourses,intheeven