美国总统富兰克林.docx
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美国总统富兰克林
美国总统(富兰克林
firstinauguraladdress
delivered4march1933
presidenthoover,mr.chiefjustice,myfriends:
thisisadayofnationalconsecration.andiamcertainthatonthisdaymyfellowamericansexpectthatonmyinductionintothepresidency,iwilladdressthemwithacandorandadecisionwhichthepresentsituationofourpeopleimpels.
thisispreeminentlythetimetospeakthetruth,thewholetruth,franklyandboldly.norneedweshrinkfromhonestlyfacingconditionsinourcountrytoday.thisgreatnationwillendure,asithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.
so,firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself--nameless,unreasoning,unjustifiedterrorwhichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.ineverydarkhourofournationallife,aleadershipoffranknessandofvigorhasmetwiththatunderstandingandsupportofthepeoplethemselveswhichisessentialtovictory.andiamconvincedthatyouwillagaingivethatsupporttoleadershipinthesecriticaldays.
insuchaspiritonmypartandonyourswefaceourcommondifficulties.theyconcern,thankgod,onlymaterialthings.valueshaveshrunktofantasticlevels;taxeshaverisen;ourabilitytopayhasfallen;governmentofallkindsisfacedbyseriouscurtailmentofincome;themeansofexchangearefrozeninthecurrentsoftrade;thewitheredleavesofindustrialenterpriselieoneveryside;farmersfindnomarketsfortheirproduce;andthesavingsofmanyyearsinthousandsoffamiliesaregone.moreimportant,ahostofunemployedcitizensfacethegrimproblemofexistence,andanequallygreatnumbertoilwithlittlereturn.onlyafoolishoptimistcandenythedarkrealitiesofthemoment.
andyetourdistresscomesfromnofailureofsubstance.wearestrickenbynoplagueoflocusts.comparedwiththeperilswhichourforefathersconquered,becausetheybelievedandwerenotafraid,wehavestillmuchtobethankfulfor.naturestilloffersherbountyandhumaneffortshavemultipliedit.plentyisatourdoorstep,butageneroususeofitlanguishesintheverysightofthesupply.
primarily,thisisbecausetherulersoftheexchangeofmankindsgoodshavefailed,throughtheirownstubbornnessandtheirownincompetence,haveadmittedtheirfailure,andhaveabdicated.practicesoftheunscrupulousmoneychangersstandindictedinthecourtofpublicopinion,rejectedbytheheartsandmindsofmen.
true,theyhavetried.buttheireffortshavebeencastinthepatternofanoutworntradition.facedbyfailureofcredit,theyhaveproposedonlythelendingofmoremoney.strippedofthelureofprofitbywhichtoinduceourpeopletofollowtheirfalseleadership,theyhaveresortedtoexhortations,pleadingtearfullyforrestoredconfidence.theyonlyknowtherulesofagenerationofself-seekers.theyhavenovision,andwhenthereisnovisionthepeopleperish.
yes,themoneychangershavefledfromtheirhighseatsinthetempleofourcivilization.wemaynowrestorethattempletotheancienttruths.themeasureofthatrestorationliesintheextenttowhichweapplysocialvaluesmorenoblethanmeremonetaryprofit.
happinessliesnotinthemerepossessionofmoney;itliesinthejoyofachievement,inthethrillofcreativeeffort.thejoy,themoralstimulationofworknolongermustbeforgotteninthemadchaseofevanescentprofits.thesedarkdays,myfriends,willbeworthalltheycostusiftheyteachusthatourtruedestinyisnottobeministereduntobuttoministertoourselves,toourfellowmen.
recognitionofthatfalsityofmaterialwealthasthestandardofsuccessgoeshandinhandwiththeabandonmentofthefalsebeliefthatpublicofficeandhighpoliticalpositionaretobevaluedonlybythestandardsofprideofplaceandpersonalprofit;andtheremustbeanendtoaconductinbankingandinbusinesswhichtoooftenhasgiventoasacredtrustthelikenessofcallousandselfishwrongdoing.smallwonderthatconfidencelanguishes,foritthrivesonlyonhonesty,onhonor,onthesacrednessofobligations,onfaithfulprotection,andonunselfishperformance;withoutthemitcannotlive.
restorationcalls,however,notforchangesinethicsalone.thisnationisaskingforaction,andactionnow.
ourgreatestprimarytaskistoputpeopletowork.thisisnounsolvableproblemifwefaceitwiselyandcourageously.itcanbeaccomplishedinpartbydirectrecruitingbythegovernmentitself,treatingthetaskaswewouldtreattheemergencyofawar,butatthesametime,throughthisemployment,accomplishinggreat--greatlyneededprojectstostimulateandreorganizetheuseofourgreatnaturalresources.
handinhandwiththatwemustfranklyrecognizetheoverbalanceofpopulationinourindustrialcentersand,byengagingonanationalscaleinaredistribution,endeavortoprovideabetteruseofthelandforthosebestfittedfortheland.
yes,thetaskcanbehelpedbydefiniteeffortstoraisethevaluesofagriculturalproducts,andwiththisthepowertopurchasetheoutputofourcities.itcanbehelpedbypreventingrealisticallythetragedyofthegrowinglossthroughforeclosureofoursmallhomesandourfarms.itcanbehelpedbyinsistencethatthefederal,thestate,andthelocalgovernmentsactforthwithonthedemandthattheircostbedrasticallyreduced.itcanbehelpedbytheunifyingofreliefactivitieswhichtodayareoftenscattered,uneconomical,unequal.itcanbehelpedbynationalplanningforandsupervisionofallformsoftransportationandofcommunicationsandotherutilitiesthathaveadefinitelypubliccharacter.therearemanywaysinwhichitcanbehelped,butitcanneverbehelpedbymerelytalkingaboutit.
wemustact.wemustactquickly.
andfinally,inourprogresstowardsaresumptionofwork,werequiretwosafeguardsagainstareturnoftheevilsoftheoldorder.theremustbeastrictsupervisionofallbankingandcreditsandinvestments.theremustbeanendtospeculationwithotherpeoplesmoney.andtheremustbeprovisionforanadequatebutsoundcurrency.
these,myfriends,arethelinesofattack.ishallpresentlyurgeuponanewcongressinspecialsessiondetailedmeasuresfortheirfulfillment,andishallseektheimmediateassistanceofthe48states.
throughthisprogramofactionweaddressourselvestoputtingourownnationalhouseinorderandmakingincomebalanceoutgo.ourinternationaltraderelations,thoughvastlyimportant,areinpointoftime,andnecessity,secondarytotheestablishmentofasoundnationaleconomy.ifavor,asapracticalpolicy,theputtingoffirstthingsfirst.ishallsparenoefforttorestoreworldtradebyinternationaleconomicreadjustment;buttheemergencyathomecannotwaitonthataccomplishment.
thebasicthoughtthatguidesthesespecificmeansofnationalrecoveryisnotnationally--narrowlynationalistic.itistheinsistence,asafirstconsideration,upontheinterdependenceofthevariouselementsinandpartsoftheunitedstatesofamerica--arecognitionoftheoldandpermanentlyimportantmanifestationoftheamericanspiritofthepioneer.itisthewaytorecovery.itistheimmediateway.itisthestrongestassurancethatrecoverywillendure.
inthefieldofworldpolicy,iwoulddedicatethisnationtothepolicyofthegoodneighbor:
theneighborwhoresolutelyrespectshimselfand,becausehedoesso,respectstherightsofothers;theneighborwhorespectshisobligationsandrespectsthesanctityofhisagreementsinandwithaworldofneighbors.
ifireadthetemperofourpeoplecorrectly,wenowrealize,aswehaveneverrealizedbefore,ourinterdependenceoneachother;thatwecannotmerelytake,butwemustgiveaswell;thatifwearetogoforward,wemustmoveasatrainedandloyalarmywillingtosacrificeforthegoodofacommondiscipline,becausewithoutsuchdisciplinenoprogresscanbemade,noleadershipbecomeseffective.
weare,iknow,readyandwillingtosubmitourlivesandourpropertytosuchdiscipline,becauseitmakespossiblealeadershipwhichaimsatthelargergood.this,iproposetooffer,pledgingthatthelargerpurposeswillbinduponus,binduponusallasasacredobligationwithaunityofdutyhithertoevokedonlyintimesofarmedstrife.
withthispledgetaken,iassumeunhesitatinglytheleadershipofthisgreatarmyofourpeoplededicatedtoadisciplinedattackuponourcommonproblems.
actioninthisimage,actiontothisendisfeasibleundertheformofgovernmentwhichwehaveinheritedfromourancestors.ourconstitutionissosimple,sopracticalthatitispossiblealwaystomeetextraordinaryneedsbychangesinemphasisandarrangementwithoutlossofessentialform.thatiswhyourconstitutionalsystemhasproveditselfthemostsuperblyenduringpoliticalmechanismthemodernworldhaseverseen.
ithasmeteverystressofvastexpansionofterritory,offoreignwars,ofbitterinternalstrife,ofworldrelations.anditistobehopedthatthenormalbalanceofexecutiveandlegislativeauthoritymaybewhollyequal,whollyadequatetomeettheunprecedentedtaskbeforeus.butitmaybethatanunprecedenteddemandandneedforundelayedactionmaycallfortemporarydeparturefromthatnormalbalanceofpublicprocedure.
iampreparedundermyconstitutionaldutytorecommendthemeasuresthatastrickennationinthemidstofastrickenworldmayrequire.thesemeasures,orsuchothermeasuresasthecongressmaybuildoutofitsexperienceandwisdom,ishallseek,withinmyconstitutionalauthority,tobringtospeedyadoption.
but,intheeventthatthecongressshallfailtotakeoneofthesetwocourses,intheeven