讲义分享定语从句学生版.docx

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讲义分享定语从句学生版.docx

讲义分享定语从句学生版

XXX英语

学员姓名:

辅导科目:

英语学科教师:

XXX

授课类型

C定语从句专题

C专题针对性训练

T能力提升训练

授课日期及时段

教学内容

一、定语从句基本概念

限制性定语从句

分类

非限制性定语从句

定语从句

先行词

两要素关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose

关系词

关系副词:

when,where,why

【限定性定语从句】

对先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体明确;不能被省略,否则句意不完整;与先行词之间无逗号

Itisthecarwhich/thatIwanttobuy.

先行词关系代词定语从句

Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.

先行词关系副词定语从句

【非限定性定语从句】

对先行词起补充说明作用;如果删除,主句意义仍然完整;与先行词之间有逗号

Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.

先行词关系代词定语从句

MyfavoriteactorisChaplin,whosefilmsarealwaysverypopular.

先行词关系代词定语从句

二、专题知识梳理

【关系代词】

Who

先行词是人,who在从句中可作主语或宾语;作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中可省略,在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略。

Themanwhostolehismoneyhasbeencaught.–

Theman(who)Imetyesterdaywashisbrother.–

Thechairman,whospokefirst,satonmyright.–

Thechairman,whowetalkedaboutjustnow,satonmyright.–

Whom

先行词是人,whom在从句中仅可宾语;一般情况下可换成who,但如果前面有介词,不能换成who。

前面没有介词时,在限定性定语从句中,可换成who,who/whom也可省略;在非限定性定语从句中,则不可换成who,也不可以省略。

Thekid(who/whom)wearelookingforishisdaughter.–

DoyouknowtheboywithwhomIwastalkingjustnow?

Thekid,whomshesawyesterday,iscryingnow.–

Thenewsinger,withwhomsheisimpressed,willcometoherschooltomorrow.

Which

先行词是物,which在从句中可作主语或宾语;作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中可省略;在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略;which在非限定性定语从句中,不仅可以修饰物,还可以修饰整个主句,which从句可放主句中和主句后面,但不放在主句前。

ThisisthebookwhichwasborrowedfromTom.

Thechair(which)Isatinwasabrokenone.

Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.

Theymovedthefallentree,whichtookthemalongtime.

As

as用于限定性定语从句时,固定结构thesame…as,such…as…或so…as…,as在句中作主语或宾语;

Heisnotthesamepersonashewasbefore.

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

Heisnotsocleveraboyasyouthink.

as用于非限定性定语从句时,与which引导的非限定性定语从句有所区别。

1.as修饰整个主句,which可以修饰一个词,也可以修饰整个主句。

TheEnglishtest,whichhepreparedforalongtime,wasnotsodifficult.

Hegotuptoolate,whichmadehimmissthebus.

Hewasnotinterestedinmusicatall,asshewastold.

1.as可放在主句前、主句中或主句后,which不能放在句首;

Theearthgoesaroundthesun,whichisknowntousall.

Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.

Asisknowntousall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.

John,asyouknow,isawriter.

Hewasnotinterestedinmusicatall,asshewastold.

2.有“正如…”的含义,which没有;

Asiswellknown/asweallknow,Shanghaiisabigcity.

3.当主句和从句语义一致时,用as,不一致时,用which;

Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.

Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.

4.否定句时用which

Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlike.

Whose

表示人的所属或物的所属;在从句中需接名词;whose作这个名词的定语,whose+名词整体可在从句中作主语或宾语,而且无论作主语还是宾语,都不可以省略

人的所属:

Idon’tknowthepersonwhosehatisred.

IdislikethespeakerwhosevoiceIcan’tbear.

IknowProfessorWang,whoseclassisquitewonderful.

IlikethewriternamedTom,whosebooksIhavereadtwice.

物的所属:

Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.

Theroomofwhichthewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.

That

先行词是人和物,在从句中可作主语或宾语;不可用于非限定性定语从句;作宾语时,可省略;

Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereismyteacher.

Thisisthebookwhich/thatwasborrowedfromTom.

that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。

在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:

1.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。

例如:

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?

Isthatallthatyouwanttosay?

Littlethathesaidwasbelievable.

2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰;或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。

例如:

TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.

Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.

ThisisthelastthingthatIwanttosee.

3.先行词既指人又指物时。

例如:

Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.

4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

例如:

Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.

Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.

Heisnotthemanthathewas.

5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

例如:

ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.

6.主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。

例如:

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?

7.当先行词为表示方式的词theway时,可用that引导定语从句,that常可省略。

Idon'tknowthewayyouspeaktoher.

注意:

当关系代词前面有介词的时候,不可以用that。

Ihavemanybooks,oneofwhichisSnowWhite

Iknowallofthem,oneofwhomisMary.

Thatisthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.

ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.

注意:

固定短语inthat(意思是“因为”),相当于because,引导原因状语从句

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.

注意:

定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。

例如:

Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor.

Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.

3、专题过关

1.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea______interactwithoneanother.(2013年上海英语高考)

2.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__________youreceivedgifts?

(2012年上海英语高考)

3.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,__________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.(奉贤2013二模37题)

4.Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeatures__________makeherpopularatschool.(宝山2013一模40题)

5.Thefallenleavescoveredthestreets,__________addedbeautytotheancientsmalltown.(闵行2011一模31题)

6.Ourmathteachersetsuchahardtestproblem__________noneofuscouldworkouttheotherday.(嘉定2013一模35题)

7.“Ungelivable”issonewanEnglishwordcoinedontheInternet______isforbiddentoappearinofficialmediaordocumentsatpresent.(奉贤2012二模33题)

8.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012,__________thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.(浦东2013一模35题)

9.Oftheslogansofthe“OccupyWallStreet”movement,one__________isfrequentlymentionedis:

the99percentopposethe1percent.(宝山2012一模38题)

10.AccordingtoareportfromShanghai,thecityhasabout800,00petdogs,of__________morethanhalfwereunregistered.(闸北2011一模29题)

【关系副词】

When在定语从句中作状语,代指时间

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

Where在定语从句中作状语,代指地点

ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

Why在定语从句中作状语,代指原因,先行词都是reason;可与forwhich互换;不可以用于非限定性定语从句,但forwhich可以。

Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.

Hedidn'ttellmethereason,forwhichhelosthisjob.

典型例题2

1.Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehouse__________hecomposed"TheMagicFlute"arebothmuseumsnow.(2009年上海英语高考)

2.Gonearethedays_____surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.(杨浦2012一模40题)

3.Inasportsteam,eachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasions__________membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.(浦东2011一模31题)

4.Grassskiingisarisingformofentertainment,popularwithyoungpeople,__________slidingonthegrasswouldbeadventurousandenjoyable.(闸北2013二模28题)

5.Tellmethereason_____youfailedagain.(奉贤2009年一模)

6.Errorcorrectioninalanguageclassshouldneverbecarriedtothepoint__________itdiscouragesstudentsfromgettinginvolved.(嘉定2013二模38题)

7.Theoldmantookthepolicemenbacktothesameplace__________hehadwitnessedtherobbery.(虹口2012二模39题)

8.Canyouthinkofsomecases__________driversobviouslyknewthetrafficrulesbutdidn'tobeythem?

(闵行2012二模34题)

9.Parties__________alcoholisservedcangodownhillquicklyifdrinkingisbasicallytheonlythingtodoattheparty.(徐汇2011二模35题)

10.Itisverydifferentfromthesituationinthewild,__________thevastmajorityofcamelswilldieorbekilledbeforetheygrowup.(长宁2011一模29题)

【重难点】

1.the+名词+of+whom(which)的结构=whose+名词

下面两组中的三个句子意思相同,例如:

Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

Theriverofwhichthebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

Theriverthebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

2.具体的地点名词后可以接where从句,但其他如case,point,situation,condition,job等表示“情况,方面”的名词也同样加where从句,这种用法源于“inthiscase,atthispoint,inthissituation,underthecondition”等短语。

具体的时间名词后可接when从句,但如果先行词为occasion,同样也加when从句。

例如:

Therearemanycaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.

Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy.

Iwillshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.

3.必须使用非限制性定语从句的情况:

1)当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时。

如:

HecaughtSARS,whichthreatenedpeoplealot.

Basketball,whichisnowplayedinover100countries,isthemostpopulargameintheworld.

2)当定语从句由“代词/数词/名词/形容词比较级/最高级等+of+which/whom”引导时,例如:

Chinahashundredsofislandsoffitssoutheastcoast,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.

3)当定语从句修饰整个主句时。

如:

Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.

Theymovedthefallentree,whichtookthemalongtime.

3.区别定语从句和强调句型:

强调句型是Itis…..that/who…;去掉itis…that/who这几个词后,强调句句意仍然完整,定语从句则不完整。

例如:

Itwasaroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.定语从句

Itwasintheroomthatweusedtohavemeetings.强调句型

4.区别where引导的定语从句和状语从句:

where引导的定语从句前有名词,从句是修饰这个名词的,而where引导的状语从句前面一般没有名词,从句在整个句子中作状语。

例如:

ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

四.学法提炼

1.判断是强调句型还是定语从句。

2.判断是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。

如果是非限定性定语从句则不需要考虑that。

尤其,要注意非限定性定语从句有可能是修饰整个主句,此时一般用as或者which。

3.判断有无先行词,如果没有先行词,则需要补上。

4.如果有先行词判断是人还是物,是地点、时间还是原因;注意关系词前是否有介词搭配,有介词搭配也不可以用that。

5.判断先行词类别后,注意先行词属不属于必须用that的情况或者属不属于不能用that的情况,最后选出合适的关系词。

单项选择:

下面每道题有四个选项,请选出最佳答案。

1. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. 

 A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 

      

2. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. 

  A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 

  

3. I have bought the s

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