届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十一15页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十一15页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十一15页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十一

[一]

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow. 

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了各种莓类和核类水果营养丰富,以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的两种不同食用方法——果昔和软冰淇淋。

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句Asforcherries,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.可知,樱桃非常美味,富含维生素C,这是作者喜欢樱桃的原因。

故选择C项。

25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?

A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.

B.Tokeeptheircolour.

C.Tospeeduptheirripening.

D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数第二句Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.可知,香蕉中放入少量的鲜柠檬汁可以使其不变色。

故选择B项。

26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.

C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.

【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

根据第四段前两句Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.可知,将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去,出来的是奶油状甜品。

由此可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。

故选择D项。

adessert意为“一台甜品”;adrink意为“一种饮料”;acontainer意为“一个容器”;amachine意为“一台机器”。

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分,以及冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的食用方法。

由此可推断出这篇文章可能来自健康杂志。

故选择B项。

A项意为“生物教科书”;B项意为“健康杂志”;C项意为“研究论文,研究报告”;D项意为“旅游指南,旅游手册”。

[二]

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

一项新的研究表明一种叫大蜡螟的昆虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯。

据此,研究人员希望有一天可以使用工业生产方法制作一种化学物质来处理垃圾填埋场里的塑料。

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第二段可知,研究人员发现这些昆虫可以消耗塑料、分解塑料。

A项与第三段的内容不符;B项无中生有;D项与第一段事实不符。

故选C。

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段可知,研究人员下一步就是要确定分解的起因。

分解物是昆虫本身分泌的酶还是它的肠道微生物分泌的酶?

即:

查明分解酶的来源,因此选B。

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight. 

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

由文章的最后一句可推知研究人员希望有一天可以使用工业生产方法制作一种化学物质来分解垃圾填埋场里的塑料。

据此选D。

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

【解析】选C。

写作意图题。

本文是一篇科普说明文。

旨在通过一项科学研究向读者介绍一种分解塑料的有效方法。

因此选C。

A选项onworms表述不对。

B、D选项偏离主题。

[三]

There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:

food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.

Foodproduction

Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.

Sustainability（可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.

Nutrition

Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”

Challenges

Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste（糊状物）beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.

【文章大意】本文属于科普性说明文,主要介绍了打印食物的一些知识。

46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?

A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.

B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.

C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.

D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy”可知打印食物耗时少;第二段中后面的两个例子则说明了打印食物可以减少人们的付出。

47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.

B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.

D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据“fromplentifulrenewableslikealgaeand...”可知,打印食物的原料是可再生的。

48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood.

A.ismoreavailabletoconsumers

B.canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds

C.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets

D.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据本段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent...you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”可知消费者可以根据自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品来满足自己的需求。

49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?

A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.

B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.

C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.

D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第五段中的“Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatand