学年译林版英语选修八新素养同步练习Unit 3 The world of colours and light Section Ⅰ 知能.docx

学年译林版英语选修八新素养同步练习Unit 3 The world of colours and light Section Ⅰ 知能.docx

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学年译林版英语选修八新素养同步练习Unit3TheworldofcoloursandlightSectionⅠ知能

A卷

阅读理解

A

“Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus,butcanyougetthebenefitswithoutactuallydoingtheexercise？

”asksMichaelMosley.

Havingahotbathorasaunaisagoodwaytosootheyourarmsandlegsafterexercise,butwhathappensifyoudoitinsteadofexercise?

Dr.SteveFaulknerofLoughboroughUniversityaskedmetotakepartinanexperimentcomparingtherelativebenefitsofhavingalong,hotbathversusanhourofhardcycling.

ForthisstudyIjoinagroupofvolunteerswhohaveallbeenfittedwithmonitorswhichcontinuouslyrecordbloodsugarlevels.Keepingyourbloodsugarlevelwithinthenormalrangeisanimportantmeasureofyour“metabolic”fitness.

Thefirstpartoftheexperimentisveryrelaxing,consistingofhavingalong,hotbath.WhileIsitinthebath,whichtheykeepat40℃，Stevecloselymonitorsmycoretemperature.Onceithasrisenandstayedthere,Iamallowedout.

AcoupleofhoursaftermybathIhavealightmeal.Sincewewanttoseehowhavingahotbathcompareswithexercise,werepeattheexperiment.

Sowhat’stheresult?

“Oneofthefirstthingsthatwewerelookingat，”Stevesays,“istheenergyexpenditure（消耗）whileyou’reinthehotbathandwhatwefoundwasan80%increaseinenergyexpenditurejustasaresultofsittinginthebathforthecourseofanhour.”

Thisisnothinglikeasmanycaloriesascyclingforanhour（whichcomesoutatanaverageof630calories）,butwedoburn140calories,theequivalentofabrisk30minutewalk.

【解题导语】　实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。

1．WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraph2?

A．Exercise.　　　　　　B．Strengthen.

C．Relax.D．Buildup.

C　解析：

词义猜测题。

结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。

故选C。

2．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?

A．Tocompareenergyexpenditureofhotbathandcycling.

B．Totellpeoplehowtoloseweight.

C．Toshowthebenefitofhotbath.

D．Toencouragepeopletohaveahotbathinsteadofcycling.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Dr.SteveFaulknerofLoughboroughUniversityaskedmetotakepartinanexperimentcomparingtherelativebenefitsofhavingalong,hotbathversusanhourofhardcycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。

故选A。

3．Whatdoesnormalbloodsugarlevelmean?

A．Itmeansyouarehealthy.

B．Itmeansyourtemperatureisnormal.

C．Itmeansyoudon’tneedexercise.

D．Itmeansyourmetabolicsystemisnormal.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Keepingyourbloodsugarlevelwithinthenormalrangeisanimportantmeasureofyour‘metabolic’fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。

据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。

故选D。

4．Ifyouwanttoburn600calories,whatcanyoudo?

A．Haveahotbathforonehour.

B．Cycleforonehour.

C．Haveabrisk60minutewalk.

D．Haveabrisk30minutewalk.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。

故选B。

B

WheneverIheararecordingofJohnDenversinging“SunshineonMyShoulders”，Ifindmyselfsmiling,drawntoaloveofthesunandtheoutdoorsI’vehadforyearsasaMichigannative.Walkingbarefoottothelake,playingwithoutshirtsinthesunlight,andbreathingfreshairfeelgood.AsadoctorIcantellyoutheyarealsogoodforyourheart.

Studieshavefoundhigherratesofhighbloodpressureamongpeoplewiththelowestsunexposure.Onereasonmaybeduetonitricoxide（一氧化氮）,agaswhosefunctionisactivatedwhenyourskinisexposedtothesun’srays.Itreducesbothheartattackandstrokerisks.VitaminD,whichsunlighthelpsyourbodyproduce,isalsolinkedtobetterhealth.Sowalkoutdoorsfor15to30minutesdaily.

InJapan,walkingthroughforeststokeephealthyhasbecomeapopularpractice.Apparentlytheywanttoenjoythefreshair.Butresearchon280volunteersfoundthatpeoplehadareducedheartrate,andlowerbloodpressurewhentheywalkedthroughaforestthanwhentheyspenttimeinanurbanarea.

Oneoftheconsequencesofmodernsocietyisthatrarelyisourbodyindirectcontactwiththeground.Theearthhasanelectricalcurrent.Directcontactwithitmaybestabilizingforceforgoodhealth.Although“earthing”or“grounding”isconsideredalternativebymainstreammedicine,researchshowsthatthepracticeseemstobeabletoreduceheartdiseaserisks.

So,walkaroundbarefootwhereverpossible,letyourbackyardgrasstickleyourfeet,anddigyourtoesintosandybeaches.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。

作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。

5．Thefirstparagraphismeantto________．

A．showtheauthorlikesthesongverymuch

B．putforwardtheargumentofthepassage

C．suggestthattheauthorlovesnaturecrazily

D．indicatetheauthorisaMichigannative

B　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。

6．Sunbathing’sgoodforheartbecause________．

A．thesun’sraysmakenitricoxidework

B．sunlightcanhelppeoplekeepwarm

C．thesun’srayscanhelpreplacevitaminD

D．vitaminDreducesbloodcirculation

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Onereasonmaybeduetonitricoxide（一氧化氮）,agaswhosefunctionisactivatedwhenyourskinisexposedtothesun’srays.Itreducesbothheartattackandstrokerisks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。

7．It’sbelievedthatwalkingthroughforestscan________．

A．makepeoplepopularB．helpbreatheinfreshair

C．reducebloodpressureD．helpescapenoisycities

C　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段的“Butresearchon280volunteersfoundthatpeoplehadareducedheartrate,andlowerbloodpressurewhentheywalkedthroughaforestthanwhentheyspenttimeinanurbanarea.”描述可知，人们普遍认为在森林散步可以降低血压。

8．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe________．

A．NitricOxideHasMagicFunctions

B．WalkingBarefootBuildstheBody

C．SunbathingIsGoodforHealth

D．OutdoorActivitiesBenefittheHeart

D　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walkingbarefoot...foryourheart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。

C

ItookatriptoAntarcticalastyear.

FirstIflewfromBuenosAires,Argentina,tothecityofRioGallegosinamilitary（军事的）plane.ThentheplanetookmeandtheotherstoMarambiobase,inAntarcticafromRioGallegos.Duringthefourhourtripinthe_Hercules,_Iwasimpressedbytheicearoundus.

AsIsetfootonAntarcticaforthefirsttimeinmylife,arushofgloryranthroughme.Thescientistsonboardtoldmeabouttheozonelayer（臭氧层）andtheBritishexplorerErnestShackelton,thesecondmantosetfootonAntarctica.IwillneverforgetwhatIwastoldabouttheozonelayer.Iwastolditwasgettingthinnerandthinnerbecauseofpollutionandemissiongases,whicheventuallywouldchangetheweatherbalanceinthewholeplanet.Icouldn’thelpfeelingworriedaboutthefutureofhumansafterIheardthat.

InEsperanzabasethereareelementaryschoolsforkids.InJubanybaseIsawigloos（拱形圆顶小屋）anditwasinterestingtolearnthatonlyscientistslivedthere.IwasallowedtogetneartheAntarcticanimals.ThepenguinsaremyfavoritebecausetheyarecuteandIlikethewaytheystickouttheirheadsincuriosity,thewaytheywalkandhowtheysurviveinharshtemperatures.Ialsosawelephantseals,whichfromthedistancelookedlikerocks.Iwasalsoamazedatwatchingtheamazinghumpbackwhales（座头鲸）forthefirsttimeinmylife.

Aftermyninedaytrip,IboardedtheHerculestogetback.IfeltasifIhadbeenonthistripforeverbecauseIhadlosttrackoftimeandspace.Ialsorealizedthatthishadbeenamagicaltrip.

【解题导语】　作者讲述了自己的南极之旅及所见所闻。

9．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theHercules”inParagraph2probablyreferto?

A．Aship.　　　　　　　B．Aplane.

C．Abase.D．Acity.

B　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据第二段的“ThentheplanetookmeandtheotherstoMarambiobase”以及“Iwasimpressedbytheicearoundus”可推断，画线部分是指作者他们乘坐的飞机。

10．Whatthescientiststoldtheauthorabouttheozonelayerwas________．

A．interestingB．positive

C．concerningD．useless

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Icouldn’thelpfeelingworriedaboutthefutureofhumansafterIheardthat.”可知，作者听到这些信息后觉得很担忧。

11．Whatdidtheauthordoafterhe/shesetfootonAntarctica?

A．He/Shelivedinanigloo.

B．He/Sheobservedsomepenguins.

C．He/Shesawsomerocks.

D．He/Sheplayedwithanelephantseal.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第四段的“IwasallowedtogetneartheAntarcticanimals.Thepenguinsaremyfavorite”可知，作者在那里观察了一些企鹅。

12．Theauthormostprobablyconsideredhis/hertriptobe________．

A．disappointingB．relaxing

C．boringD．amazing

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据末段的“Ialsorealizedthatthishadbeenamagicaltrip.”可知，作者认为这次旅行非常棒。

七选五

Ifhappinessiswhatyouwanttobe,youmusttakeresponsibilityandstopexpectingthingsorpeopletomakeyouhappy.Youarethesourceofyourownhappiness,sostoplookingelsewhere.1.________Hereareafewwaysforyoutofollow：

Bethankfultoothers.2.________Itistooeasytotakethosearoundusforgranted.Showthemthesameconsiderationyouwouldlikeshowntoyou.

3．________Thisgoesbeyond（超过）politeness;itisaformofgiving.Treateveryoneyoumeetasiftheyhaveabigsignontheirchestsaying“makemefeelimportant”.Ifyoudothisyouwilldiscoverahiddensourceofjoy.

Performactsofkindness.Don’twaittobeasked.4.________Itdoesn’tneedtobeabigthing,holdthedoorforastranger,orsmileatanyoneyoumakeeyecontactwith.Lookforchancestomakeothersfeelgood.

Makeadecisiontobehappy.Thisisthemostimportantstepontheroadtoahappylife.5.________Youarethekeytoyourownhappiness,sogoahead,unlockitonceandforall.

A．Respectotherpeople.

B．Bepolitetootherpeople.

C．Insteadoflookingforhappiness,startcreatingit.

D．Youcanchangeyourfeelingsbyactingthewayyouwanttofeel.

E．Ifyouseeachancetodosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,doit!

F．Simplymakeupyourmindtobethehappiestpersonyouknow,andyouwillbe.

G．Begratefultothepeopleinyourlife,andpracticesayingthankyouforan