虚拟语气总复习.docx
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虚拟语气总复习
虚拟语气
虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点,因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。
现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下,以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为:
宾语从句的谓语be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例:
Iwishthewereathomethistime.
2.用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:
宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could现在完成时。
例:
IwishIhadn'thurthimsomuch。
3.用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might动词原形。
例:
IwishImightbeabletocometomorrow。
二、用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
(一)表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
1.与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:
if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他
主句:
主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+其他
例:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.
2.与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:
If+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句:
主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他。
例:
Ifyouhadstudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedexam.
3.表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:
If+主语+should(wereto)动词原形+其他
主句:
主语would(could,should,might)动词原形
例:
Ifheweretogotomorrow.Hemighttellyou.
(二)从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。
Iftheyhadstaredtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.
2.从句表示将来,主句表示过去。
IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight。
3.从句表示过去,主句表示将来。
Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。
4.从句表示将来,主句表示现在。
Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon.Iwouldgoshoppingnow.
三、可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句,用虚拟语气
由asif、asthough(好像)引起的与事实相反的句子,不论主句的谓语是现在时或者过去时,其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构,都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。
例:
Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknowthethingatall,butinfactheknowsitverywell.
(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.
(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain
(would动词原形,表示与将来事实相反)
四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面,其宾语从句的谓语用“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有:
表示“要求”的:
ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:
move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote
表示“决定、命令”的:
decide,order
表示“主张”的:
maintain,urge
表示“同意、坚持”的:
consent,insist
例:
Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.
Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.
上述动词的名词形式,demand,desire,requirment,advice,order,decision,recommendation,suggestion,以及necessity,preference,plan,motion,idea等名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句,也用“should动词原形“表示虚拟语气。
现代英语,特殊是美国英语,常省去“should”,例:
Theadviceisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.
Heideathatwe(should)visitGreatWallwaswarmlywelcomed.
五、在“Itis(was)形容词(或过去分词)that……”结构中,主语从句的谓语也用“should原形动词“表虚拟语气
美国英语中省去should,常用的形容词和过去分词有:
表示“要求”的:
required,demanded,requested,desired,desirable。
表示“建议”的:
suggested,recommended,
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的:
imperative,urgent,necessary,essential,important,vital
表示“适当、较好”的:
appropriate,advisable,better,preferable
表示“可能”的:
probable,possible
表示“命令”的:
ordered
例:
Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.
Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.
六、由下列名词或短语引导,或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1.“Iest以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld动词原形”。
Hetookamapwithhimlesthe(should)losehiswaythere.
2.“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句,有时用动词原形。
Allthings,whetheryouknowordon'tknow,existintheworld.
3.用“wouldrather/hadrather/wouldjustassoon"表示“宁愿、但愿”,后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求,用过去时表示对现在的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。
Don'tliveintheworld,Iwouldrather(Iwouldjustassoon)youdie.
Iwouldratheryougotomorrow.
Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.
4.用“hadhoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would动词原形”。
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.
5.在“Itis(high/about)timethat”引导的定语从句中,定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时,偶然也可以用would(或should)动词原形,或hadrather(wouldrather)动词原形。
Itishightime(正是时候)thatweleft/shouldleave/hadbetterleave/hadratherleave/wereleaving.(留意与“Thisisthefirst/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
6.用“without/butfor(要不是)/intheabsenceof(缺乏。
。
。
时)”表示“要不是”,“假如没有”(相当于ifitwerenotfor…)表示条件时,句中一般用虚拟语气。
(也可用陈述语气)
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.
Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.
7.由“providing(that)/provided(that)/onconditionthat(如果)/inorderthat”引导的条件从句或目的从句,根据情况,可用虚拟语气。
(有时也可用陈述语气)
Theyarewillingsurrenderprovidedtheyaregivenfreepassage.
8.在if引导的虚拟条件句中,若有were,had,should,在书面语中可省去if,将were等提到主语前,形成倒装。
Shouldtherebeagoodfilmtomorrow.Iwouldgotothetheatrewithyou.
Wereitnotforyourhelp.Iwouldn'tbesucceed.
虚拟语气专项练习
1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.
A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotD
2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC
3.wereitraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
4.Jane’sfacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.
A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has
5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
6.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI_____forher.
A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitout
C.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
7.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
8.--Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.
--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarmed;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
9.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.
A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
10.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight_____,toocoldforustolive.
A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly
C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly
1-10DCBBDCDBDA
11.--HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?
--No,butIwishI_____.
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
12.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
13.IfI_____you,Iwouldaskhimtostay.
A.wasB.wouldbeC.wereD.am
14.Ifithadn’trainedlastSunday,we_____picnicking.
A.couldgoB.couldhavegoneC.wentD.wouldgo
15.Everybodywouldbeveryhappyifthehotsummer_____tomorrow.
A.shouldfinishB.wouldfinish
C.weretobefinishedD.finishes
16.IfonlyI_____youradvice!
A.hadtakenB.tookC.wouldtakeD.havetaken
17.Ifit_____yesterday,wecouldplayfootballonthesportsgroundnow.
A.didn’tsnowB.hasn’tsnowedC.hadn’tsnowedD.weren’tsnowing.
18.Ifhecamehereatthismoment,I_____him.
A.wouldcriticizeB.willcriticizeC.shallcriticizeD.weretocriticize
19.IwishI_____themeetinglastweek.
A.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.couldhaveattended
20.He’salwaystalkinglikethat,asifthewholeworld_____tohimalone.
A.hadbelongedB.belongedC.werebelongingD.werebelonged
11-20DCCBAACADB
21.TheTVplayfortonightwon’tbeinteresting.Evenifit_____,Imightnothavetimeforit.
A.wouldbeB.beC.hadbeenD.were
22.Withoutyourhelp,I_____inmyEnglishstudy.
A.wouldnothavesucceededB.hadn’tsucceeded
C.willnotsucceedD.won’thavesucceeded
23.TheworkersinFrancedemandedthatthetheirpay_____fromthefollowingweekon.
A.wouldberaisedB.wasraisedC.beraisedD.raised
24.Mysuggestionisthatwe_____thesportsmet.
A.wouldputoffB.shouldputoffC.puttedoffD.beputoff
25.Themonitormadeaproposalthatthewholeclass_____thematter.
A.discussedB.woulddiscussC.bediscussedD.discuss
26.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_____cleaner.
A.shouldbemadeB.ismadeC.wouldbemadeD.wasmade
27.Itishightimethatourchild_____todosomehousework.
A.learnedB.learnC.willlearnD.wouldlearn
28.TheystoppedatHangzhousothatthey_____theWestLake.
A.willvisitB.canvisitC.mayvisitD.mightvisit
29._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemakeanyprogress.
A.Were;notB.Had;notbeenC.Should;notbeenD.Did;be
30.Youarelateagain.You_____hereearlier.
A.shouldcomeB.willcome
C.shouldhavecomeD.willhavecome
31.Don’tcomethisafternoon.I’dratheryou_____tomorrow.
A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.willcome
32.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestit_____.
A.rainedB.shouldrainC.wouldrainD.willrain
33.Johnwasverybusylastweek,otherwise,he_____toattendthemeeting.
A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.shouldcomeD.came
34._____Itotellheraboutit,shewouldbeveryglad.
A.ShouldB.WouldC.WereD.Might
35.Withoutsunlightorwaterorair,there_____nolifeontheearth.
A.willhaveB.wouldbeC.shouldbeD.mustbe
36.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrary.
A.isallowedB.beallowedC.shouldallowD.willbeallowed
37._____Iknownhewasintrouble,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.
A.IfB.WhenC.UnlessD.Had
38.You_____therebytaxiyesterday,itisnotfarfromhere.
A.couldn’thavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.needn’thavegoneD.mustn’thavegone
39.IwouldhavegonetherewithyoubutI_____tootiredthen.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.wasD.havebeen
40.--Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?
--No,Ididn’tf