日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciation.docx

日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciation.docx

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日语基础语音BasicJapanesepronunciation

日语基础语音（BasicJapanesepronunciation）

vowel

Thedefinitionof1.vowelsandthecharacteristicsofJapanesevowels

Thegeneraldefinitionofvowelsisthatthevocalcordsvibrateandtheairflowisunimpededbythepassageofthemouth.

Althoughtheflowinthevowelunhinderedintheoralpathway,butthemouth（includingmandibularopening,lipandtongueExhibitionPark）（includingtongueheight,anteroposteriorposition）subtlechangeswillmakethevowelsoundchangesubtly.

UnlikeChinese,whichhasmanycompoundvowels,the5vowelsinJapaneseareallunits.

Thecharacteristicofaunittoneisthatthepositionofthevocalorgan（includingthemouthshapeandtongueposition）shouldbestabilizedduringthepronunciation,andtheshapeofthevocaltractcannotbechangedmidway.

InJapanese,evenwhenthetwovowelsareconnected,theyarealsodistinct.Forexample,Chinese"Grandpa"in"Ye",becauseofthemouthandtonguepositionfrom[i]to[e]sothatthewholesyllabletonesliding,gradualchange,thustheboundarybetween[i]and[e]isvague;andtheJapanese"liveintheoppositeforms",from[i]to[e]butnotslidingtransients.

Inaddition,thestabilityoftheJapanesevowelisalsomanifestedin:

nomatterhowthephoneticenvironmentchanges（i.e.,nomatterwhatcomesbeforeorlater）,thevowelitselfhasnosignificantchangeintimbre.Forexample,thetimbreofChinese"a"isdifferentinthephoneticenvironmentof"an","Yan"and"Yang".Theyarerespectivelythefirstlowvowel,thefirsthalflowvowelandthelatterlowvowel.Japanesevowelsmaintainarelativelystabletoneinanyphoneticenvironmentwithoutanysignificantchangeintone.

ComparingtheJapaneseandChinesevowelandtonguebitmap,wecanseethatthereasonfortheJapaneseisthatthemandibularopeningisnotbig,andtherangeoftonguepositionislessthanthatofchinese.Therefore,whenspeakingJapanese,theopeningandclosingofthemouthandthemovementofthetonguearesmaller.Thischaracteristicisrelatedtothehigherpronunciationfrequency（syllablenumber/time）requiredbyjapanese.

Inadditiontothe"Japaneseglottals"and"dialtone",theotherinallsyllables（andendings）arevowel.Avowelthatisnotcorrectwillcauseallthesyllablestobecombinedwiththevoweltobeincorrect.Therefore,vowelsareveryimportanttojapanese.Workhardandlearnitwell.

2.thetuningareasandmethodsofJapanesevowels

Thou（a）

Japaneseexportorwhetherthoutransverselongitudinalopeningthanthe"a"inChineseissmall,sothepronunciationwithouthermouthtoobig.

Duetothesmallopeningofthejaw,tongue（thatisformedbetweenthebackofthetongueandpalateupliftofthenarrowestpoint）higherthantheChinese"a"isslightlyhigherandslightlyback,sotheauditoryimpressiononcolorisslightlydarker,asbrightastheChinese"a".ThedegreeofmuscletensioninthelipsandtongueisalsoslightlylowerthanintheChineselanguage.

Pronunciationguidance

Thisismostlikelyarelativelysound,butyourlipsandtonguemusclestorelax,don'tputtoobigmouth.Inlanguagestream,weshouldtryourbesttomaintaintherelativestabilityoftimbre.

Hai（I）

TheverticalopeningofthemouthandmandibleissimilartotheChinese"I",butthetransverseopeningofthemouthissmaller.

ThetonguepositionisslightlylowerthantheChinese"I".Chinesemade"I"becausethetongueishigher,sometimesfeelaslightfrictionbetweenthetongueandpalate.Japaneseliveduetothegapbetweenthetongueandpalateislarge,smoothflow.Ifyoupronouncecorrectly,youshouldnotfeelthefriction.Thisistheouterlipmusclerelaxation.

Pronunciationguidance

Keepyourvocalorgansinanaturalstateofrelaxation.DonotuseasmuchforceastheChineseI.Don'tpullthecornersofyourmouthtobothsides.

Inthespeechstream,afterthelastvowel[a]or[o],theheightofthetonguewillslowdownslightly,isnotasinglesoundwhenthelastsoundsoclear.Thisistheso-called"diphthongization"phenomenon.Butthelastpartinpronunciationconsciousnessstillhasstrongindependence.Itmaintainsaclearboundarybetweenthevowelandthefront.Theglidingprocessfrom[a]to[i]isveryshortandthetoneisalmostinstantaneous.PayattentiontothedistinctionbetweentheChineseVowel"Ai"andthechinese.

U（U）

ComparedwiththeChineseVowel"U"inJapanese,butnotcompletelipflatforward,isa"showvowel".

Thetraditionalvoicetextbooksalwaysemphasizethecharacteristicsoftheunroundeduonotherfactorsdon'tspeakmuch.Butpracticehasprovedthatthemerechangeoflipgardencannotchangethetoneof"U".TheJapanesecompletepronunciation,lipeffectevensmallenoughtobeignored,andthefactorsoutsidethelipismoreimportant.

Fromtheopeningofthemandible,theChinese"U"toopenlarge,openedabout5mmofthedistancebetweentheupperandlowerincisors;Japanesecompletemandibularopeningisminimal,theupperandlowerincisorsoverlapbetweentheupperandlowermolars,thedistanceisverysmall.

TheJapanesecompletetone,thetongueplaysaveryimportantrole.

ComparedwiththeChinese"U",completethelipandtonguemusclesaremorerelaxed.

Pronunciationguidance

Thelipsandtonguemusclesshouldnotbetoohardtokeepthenaturalrelaxationofthevocalorgans.Thereisnoneedtopaytoomuchattentiontolipcircles,aslongastheydonotconsciouslypushtheirlipsforward.Tofocusonthetongue:

recurrentChinese"->u",youcanfeelthemovementofthetongue,tofindthecentreafterabitposition,atthesametimereducethemandibularopeningsothattheupperandlowerincisorsoverlap,basicallycompletethetimbreofthejapanese.

Forms（E）

Lipnaturalexpansion.Thecornersofthemouthareneithertoofarapartnorinward.Thelipofthelongitudinalopeningissmallerthanthou.

Mandibularopeningbetweensweetanddelicious,actuallyalittleclosetotheposition.

Thetongue,withlittledifferencebetweenbeforeandafterthelastformsofdimension（slightlybackalittlebit,andthou）comparedtoalotofdifference（thoutongueverylate）.Inhighdimension,locatedclosetothepositionbetweentheformsofliveandlivewiththee.

Fromtonguemuscletension,slightlyhigherthantherearformsofChinese"ie".

Pronunciationguidance

Inthevowelforms,firstidentifythesweettongue,thetonguetokeepthecentralpositionbeforeandafterbasicdoesnotmove,trytodeclineslightlybeforetheheightoftongueandtongue,inplaceyoucangetformsoftone.Keepthefrontheightdowntoomuch.

And（o）

ThisistheonlyroundvowelinJapanese:

whenyoupronounceit,thecornersofyourmouthcontractinwardintoaflatoval.ThelipofthelateralopeningisthesmallestinJapanese,thelongitudinalopeningisslightlylargerthanthelongerthanChinese,but"U"shouldbesmaller.

Althoughthelipofthelongitudinalopeningisnotbig,buttheopeningofthejawisnotsmall:

distancebetweentheupperandlowerincisorsthanChinese"U"isevenlarger,withsimilarforms.

Fromthehighdimensionpointofview,theJapaneseandthetonguealittlehigherthanthou,andChinese"O"isalmostahigh.Butfromtheviewoftheposition,andquitereliable,evenclosetotheJapanesetongueuvula,thebackofavowel.ThetonguepositionofChinese"O"isrelativetothe"a"positioninfrontandbackdimensions.

Fromtonguemuscletension,andslightlyhigherthantheChinese"O".

Pronunciationguidance

Hairandsound,firstidentifytheChineseVowelsinthebackofthetongue"U",andthenputthetonguetodropalittlebelowatthesametime,theopeningofthemandibularagainslightlyopen,andthesoundcanbeobtained.

Halfvowel

Inafricative,theweaker,lessfriction,betweenthevowelandtheconsonant,iscalledthehalfvowel.

TherearetwohalfvowelsinJapanese:

[y]and[w].ComparedwiththesemivowelofChinese,theJapanesehalfvowelisveryclosetovowelbecauseofitsweakfriction.

Insyllables,thelengthoftheJapanesehalfvowelisshort,andthetransitionfromthesemivoweltothevowelisinstantaneous.Thatistosay,inthepronunciationofsemivowelgentlyshortpassing,otherwiseitwillbeperceivedastwosyllables.

Don'troundyourlipswhenyou'remakinga[w].Theactionoftheroundedlipscausesthelipsmusclestobecometense,thusincreasingthearticulationofthevowelsounds,andthisextramovementcanconsumealotoftime.ThisiscontrarytotheJapaneseshortvowelinthesyllable's"shortandlight"characteristics.

InChinese,thelipsemivowel[w]hasa"freevariant"[v],bothofwhichcanbefreelysubstitutedforeachother,buttheJapanese[w]doesnothavethisvariant.

TheconsonantsinEnglishandotherforeignlanguages,[v],areclosetotheconsonant[b]soundsinJapanese,so[v]becomes[b]whenitistranslatedintojapanese.

Longvowel

InJapanese,thelengthofvowelisdistinguishedbymeaning.Suchas:

As（corner）-Dhaka,DoCoMo（card）:

（stamp）-cancerwas:

cancerwascomplete（against）

Wait。

Thelengthofalongvowelisapproximatelythesameasthatofthetwo.Thebackofthelongvowel,oritssecondbeat,isgenerallycalledthelongtone".

ForChinesepeople,learningJapanesehastwopointsthatrequirespecialattention:

Oneofthecommonmistakesisthatthelengthofthebeatisnotlongenough.ThisunderminesthesenseofrhythminherentinJapanese,butalsoeasilyleadtomisunderstanding.Thetwocommonmistakesistolovethelongsoundbehindthemoraalsolongsound,suchasthe"completeexamplesexamples"and"Dhaka,no"read"examplescompleteexamplescompletetheform,"and"no".Th