南京市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx

南京市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx

《南京市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《南京市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx（24页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

南京市高考英语阅读理解试题含答案

南京市高考英语阅读理解试题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Asocietythatlivesbytheplasticforkmayverywelldiefromit.That'showthingsarelooking.Anyway,foraworldsousedtodisposable（一次性的）habits,anyhopeforasolution（解决方案）alsoincreasinglyseemstobeburied.

   Sure,therehavebeensomehopefulideas.BoyanSlat,theDutchinventordevelopedaplanforCoveringtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Notlongafteritstarted,Slat'ssystemexperienced"materialfatigue（疲劳）"-likelytheresultofbeingstrained（使受到压力）byallthattrash-andthetaskwasdelayed.

   Allthewhile,theplasticincreases.Itsgrowthisveryfast,accordingtoLindaWang,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatPurdueUniversity.Shesays,"We'llhavemoreplasticthanfishby2050."YetWang,alongwithotherresearchersatPurdue,mayhaveasolutionnotonlytothisplasticproblem,butalsotothegrowingneedforcleanenergy. Herteamhasdevelopedasystemthatturnswaste,adurable,lightweightmaterialthataccountsforaboutaquarterofallplasticwaste,intoahighlypureformofgasoline.

   PublishingtheirfindingsinthejournalSustainableChemistryandEngineering,thescientists'statethatinsteadofmakingplasticgoaway,theycanbreakitdownandreuseit,usingchemistrytodestroywhatchemistrybroughttotheworldwhenplasticwasdevelopedbackin1907.

   Theprocessuses"supercritical"water-heatedtoaround450degreesCelsius（842degreesFahrenheit）,beyondthekeypointatwhichdistinctliquidandvaporphases（气液态）exist-toboilplasticwasteintoanoil,theresearchersexplain.Ittakesacoupleofhoursforthesupercriticalwatertocompletethetransformation,buttheresultisakindofoilthatcanbeusedasgasolineorfuel.Itcanalsobeturnedintootherproducts.

   Theresearchershaveonlymadethetransformationinalaboratorysettingsofar,buttheysuggestturningtheprocesstoacommercialscale（规模）maynotbefaroff.Andconsideringthe300milliontonsofplasticintotheenvironmenteveryyear,thatdaycan'tcomesoonenough.Butitwillcomeintime.

（1）Whyistheplasticforkmentionedinparagraph1?

A. Toindicatethehopelessfutureofhumanlife.

B. Tofigureoutthesolutiontoreducingplastics.

C. Toshowtheseriousnessoftheplasticproblem.

D. Totellpeopletogiveupanunhealthylifestyle.

（2）WhatcanweknowaboutSlat'ssystem?

A. ItprovesharmfultothePacific.                     B. Ithasbeenabandonedcompletely.

C. Ithasreceivedmanypeople'sopposition.    D. Itmetwithdifficultywhilebeingcarriedout.

（3）WhatistheadvantageofWang'ssystem?

A. Itcansavefishintheocean.

B. Itcanrecycleandreuseplastic.

C. Itcansurelylowerthepricesofgasandfuel.

D. Itcanmakeplasticproductsmoreaffordable.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsWang'ssystem?

A. Hopeful.                       B. Disapproving.                       C. Cautious.                       D. Uncertain.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了LindaWang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“That'showthingsarelooking.Anyway,foraworldsousedtodisposablehabits,anyhopeforasolutionalsoincreasinglyseemstobeburied.”可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。

由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Notlongafteritstarted，Slat'ssystemexperienced'materialfatiguelikelytheresultofbeingstrainedbyallthattrash.”在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。

可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“YetWang,alongwithotherresearchersatPurdue,mayhaveasolutionnotonlytothisplasticproblem,butalsotothegrowingneedforcleanenergy. Herteamhasdevelopedasystemthatturnswaste,adurable,lightweightmaterialthataccountsforaboutaquarterofallplasticwaste,intoahighlypureformofgasoline.”然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。

她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物（一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一）转化为高纯度的汽油。

可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“…thatdaycan'tcomesoonenough.Butitwillcomeintime.”那一天来得越早越好。

但它迟早会到来。

可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:

hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.

   Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圆锥体）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（岩浆）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

   JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.

（1）WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?

A. Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.          

B. Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.

C. Themysterioushistoryofthepark.                

D. Theexactlocationofthevolcano.

（2）Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout?

A. Theshapesofvolcanoes.                                 B. Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

C. Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.                              D. Theheightsofvolcanoes.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blow-up"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A. Hot-airballoon.              B. Digitalcamera.              C. Bigphotograph.              D. Bird'sview.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。

故选D。

（2）段落大意题。

本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。

故可知，此处意为将照片放大。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   DevonGallagher,acollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhereshe'sbeenwhileshe'sonherworldwidevacationinaspecialway.Thetraveler,whowasbornwithabonedisease,hadherrightlegamputated（截肢）attheageoffour.AlthoughtheamputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.

   Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofhertravelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag（地理位置标签）,shewritesherlocationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

   NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawaffleinBrussels,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

   "IgetanewlegeverytwoyearsandIcanchoosethedesignonit.OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

   Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthephotos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback（反馈）,"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoinganythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomyselfthatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreatlife."

   Gallaghershowsusthatyoushouldneverletanythingstandinthewayofyourdreams.Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.

（1）WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?

A. Sheenjoyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.

B. Shesufferslittlefromherleg'samputation.

C. shelooksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.

D. Shehasexactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.

（2）Whatdoestheword"which"underli