CPUCRule21Recommendationsv5.docx

CPUCRule21Recommendationsv5.docx

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CPUCRule21Recommendationsv5

CEC/CPUC

RecommendationsforUpdatingI-DERTechnicalRequirementsinRule21

Version5,September,2013

Contents

ExecutiveSummary1

1.Introduction3

1.1HistoryLeadingtoRule21UpdateRecommendations3

1.2ChallengesofDERSystemDeployment4

1.3TheSmartInverterWorkingGroup（SIWG）7

1.3.1PurposeandStructureoftheSIWG7

1.3.2ActivitiesoftheSIWG7

1.3.3TimelineofSIWGActivities8

1.4IEEE1547UpdateStatusandRelationshiptoRule219

1.5PhasedApproachtoRule21Recommendations10

1.6SummaryofProposedI-DERFunctionsRecommendationsforRule2112

1.6.1Phase1AutonomousI-DERFunctions12

1.6.2Phase2CommunicationsTechnologiesforI-DERFunctions12

1.6.3Phase3I-DERFunctionsRequiringCommunications13

1.6.4Phase3AdditionalAutonomousI-DERFunctions13

2.ProposedPhase1BasicAutonomousI-DERFunctions14

2.1Anti-IslandingProtection14

2.1.1PurposeofAnti-IslandingProtection14

2.1.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforAnti-Islanding14

2.1.3IssueswithCurrentRule21Anti-IslandingRequirements14

2.1.4ProposedAnti-IslandingRequirementsforRule2115

2.1.5ProposedRule21TextModificationsforAnti-Islanding15

2.1.6BenefitsoftheProposedNewAnti-IslandingRequirements15

2.2Low/HighVoltageRide-Through（L/HVRT）15

2.2.1PurposeofL/HVRT15

2.2.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforL/HVRT16

2.2.3IssueswithCurrentRule21L/HVRT16

2.2.4L/HVRTFunctionConcepts16

2.2.5ProposedRule21DefaultVoltageRide-ThroughRequirements17

2.2.6ProposedRule21TextModificationforL/HVRT18

2.2.7BenefitsoftheProposedL/HVRTRequirements18

2.3Low/HighFrequencyRide-Through（L/HFRT）19

2.3.1PurposeofL/HFRT19

2.3.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforL/HFRT19

2.3.3IssueswithCurrentRule21L/HFRT19

2.3.4L/HFRTFunctionConcepts20

2.3.5ProposedRule21DefaultFrequencyRide-ThroughRequirements20

2.3.6ProposedRule21TextModificationforL/HFRT23

2.3.7BenefitsoftheProposedL/HFRTRequirements23

2.4DynamicVolt/VarOperations23

2.4.1PurposeofDynamicVolt/VarOperations23

2.4.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforDynamicVolt/VarOperations23

2.4.3IssueswithCurrentRule21DynamicVolt/VarOperations23

2.4.4DynamicVolt/VarOperationsConcepts24

2.4.5ProposedRule21DefaultDynamicVolt/VarOperationRequirements25

2.4.6ProposedRule21TextModificationforDynamicVolt/VarOperations27

2.4.7BenefitsoftheProposedDynamicVolt/VarOperationsRequirements27

2.5RampRates27

2.5.1PurposeofRampRates27

2.5.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforRampRates28

2.5.3IssueswithCurrentRule21onRampRates28

2.5.4ProposedRampRateRequirements28

2.5.5ProposedRule21TextModificationforRampRates29

2.5.6BenefitsoftheProposedRampRateRequirements29

2.6FixedPowerFactor29

2.6.1PurposeofFixedPowerFactor（PF）29

2.6.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforFixedPowerFactor29

2.6.3IssueswiththeCurrentRule21RequirementforFixedPowerFactor29

2.6.4FixedPowerFactorConcepts29

2.6.5ProposedFixedPowerFactorRequirements29

2.6.6ProposedRule21TextModification30

2.6.7BenefitsoftheProposedFixedPowerFactorCapability30

2.7Reconnectby“Soft-Start”Methods30

2.7.1PurposeofReconnectionby“Soft-Start”Methods30

2.7.2CurrentRule21RequirementsonReconnection30

2.7.3IssueswithCurrentRule21onReconnection30

2.7.4“Soft-Start”ReconnectionConcepts30

2.7.5ProposedRule21ReconnectionRequirements31

2.7.6ProposedRule21TextModificationsfor“Soft-Start”Reconnection31

2.7.7BenefitsoftheProposed“Soft-Start”Reconnection31

2.8Phase1I-DERSystemParametersandMonitoredPoints31

2.8.1Phase1I-DERParameters31

2.8.2NameplateInformation35

2.8.3I-DERSystemMonitoredPoints36

3.ProposedPhase2CommunicationsTechnologiesforI-DERFunctions38

3.1PurposeofCommunicationTechnologiesforI-DERfunctions38

3.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforCommunications38

3.3IssueswiththeCurrentRule21LackofRequirementsforCommunications38

3.4CommunicationConceptsandIssues39

3.4.1HierarchicalConfigurationofI-DERSystems39

3.4.2CommunicationAlternatives42

3.5ProposedCommunicationRequirementsforRule2143

3.6ProposedRule21TextModifications44

3.7BenefitsofCommunicationswithI-DERSystems44

4.ProposedPhase3AdditionalI-DERFunctions45

4.1PurposeoftheAdditionalI-DERFunctions45

4.2CurrentRule21RequirementsforAdditionalI-DERFunctions45

4.3IssueswiththeCurrentRule21LackofAdditionalI-DERFunctions45

4.4ProposedAdditionalI-DERFunctionsforRule2146

4.5ProposedRule21TextModifications46

4.6BenefitsoftheAdditionalI-DERFunctions46

5.ProposedTestPlan47

5.1IntroductiontotheTestPlanforSmartI-DERSystems47

5.1.1ScopeandPurpose47

5.1.2TypesofTests47

5.1.3SourcesofTestingRequirements48

5.2ImplementationProcedures48

5.2.1ULCertificationforPilotandforCommercialI-DERSystems48

5.2.2PermissiveImplementationSchedules49

5.2.3StaggeredTestgroups49

5.3SchedulesforPermissiveImplementationsofStaggeredTestingofSmartI-DERFunctions50

5.3.1GanttChartofTestPlanImplementationSchedule52

5.3.2CPUC-RelatedTasks:

Review,Comment,andUpdateCPUCOn-RecordDocuments53

5.3.3SmartInverterWorkingGroup（SIWG）Tasks54

5.3.4TestgroupA–Phase1AutonomousFunctionsforLargerI-DERSystems55

5.3.5TestgroupB–Phase1AutonomousFunctionsforSmallerI-DERSystems55

5.3.6TestgroupC–Phase2CommunicationsCapabilitiesforI-DERSystems56

5.3.7TestgroupD–Phase3AutonomousI-DERFunctions57

6.ProposedMilestones59

7.Conclusions60

A.AnnexA:

OverviewofMandatory,Recommended,OptionalI-DERFunctions61

A.1Phase1:

KeyAutonomousI-DERFunctions61

A.2Phase2:

CommunicationsTechnologiesforI-DERFunctions64

A.3Phase3:

I-DERFunctionsRequiringCommunications65

A.4Phase3:

AdditionalAutonomousI-DERFunctions67

A.5OptionalI-DERFunctions70

B.AnnexB:

DefinitionsofTermsandAcronyms74

Figures

Figure1:

Previousactivitiesandexpectedtimelineforfutureactivities9

Figure2:

PhasedapproachtointegratingI-DERsystemswithutilityoperations11

Figure3–Mustdisconnectandmustremainconnectedzones17

Figure4:

Graphofdefaultvoltageride-throughsettings18

Figure5:

WECCL/HFRTrangesincomparisontoproposedIEEE1547aranges21

Figure6:

WECCL/HFRTrangesshowingpossiblemust-stay-connectedband21

Figure7:

ProposedfrequencyparametersinIEEE1547a22

Figure8:

Examplesettingsofvolt/varmodeusingavailablevars24

Figure9:

Exampleofvolt/varcurvewithdeadbandsshownasbandsonthecurve24

Figure10:

Exampleofvolt/varcurvewithhysteresis,witharrowsindicatingdirectionofvoltagechanges25

Figure11:

P-Qcapabilitycurve（P:

realpower;Q:

reactivepower;S:

apparentpower）25

Figure12:

First4LevelsoftheHierarchicalI-DERSystemArchitectureShowingCommunicationProtocols41

Figure13:

Communicationgatewayfortranslatingprotocols43

Figure14:

StaggeredTestgroups50

Tables

Table1:

DefaultRule21voltageride-throughvoltage-timevalues18

Table2:

WECCOffNominalFrequencyLoadSheddingLimits20

Table3:

Defaultinterconnectionsystemresponsetoabnormalfrequencies（IEEE1547a）22

Table4:

Examplesofvolt/varsettings27

Table5:

Phase1I-DERParameters32

Table6:

NameplateandStaticSettings35

Table7:

I-DERSystemMonitoredPoints36

Table8:

InitialTasks:

Review,Comment,andUpdateDocuments53

Table9:

SmartInverterWorkingGroupTasks54

Table10:

TestgroupA–Phase1AutonomousFunctionsforLargerI-DERSystems55

Table11:

TestgroupB–Phase1AutonomousFunctionsforSmallerI-DERSystems56

Table12:

TestgroupC–Phase2CommunicationsCapabilitiesforI-DERSystems57

Table13:

TestgroupD–Phase3AutonomousI-DERFunctions58

Table14:

Milestones59

Table15:

Phase1BasicAutonomousI-DERfunctions62

Table16:

Standards-basedcommunicationstechnologiesrequirements64

Table17:

I-DERfunctionsrequiringcommunications66

Table18:

Phase3AdditionalAutonomousI-DERfunctions67

Table19:

OptionalI-DERFunctions70

ExecutiveSummary

CaliforniaGovernorBrownhascalledfortheimplementationof12,000MWof“localizedelectricitygeneration”,whichcanhelptheStatereachitsgoaltoacquire33percentofitsenergyfromeligiblerenewableenergyresourcesby2020.SubstantialamountsofgenerationandstoragecapacityoftheseDistributedEnergyResource（DER）systemswillprovidesignificantenvironmentalandfinancialbenefits,buttheyalsoposesignificanttechnicalchallenges.Forinstance,DERsystemsarelocatedwithindistributiongridswhichweredesignedonlyforone-wayflowsofpowerfromsubstationsthroughthedistributiongridtocustomerloads.DERsystemspoweredfromrenewablesourcesgenerallyhavevaryingenergyoutput.

Overthelastfewyears,manylongdiscussionswithDERexpertshavetakenplace;detailedanalysisandmodelingofpowersystemimpactshavebeenundertakenparticularlyofhighpenetrationsofDERsystems;andDERsystemshavebeentestedtobetterunderstandtheircapabilitiesandtheirresponsestodifferentsituations.TheresultsoftheseeffortshavebeenreviewedbyEuropeanandUSutilities,bytheIECgroupsdevelopingstandardsforthefunctions,bytheIEEEgroupsworkingonupdatingtheIEEE1547seriesofinterconnectionstandards,andbytheSIWGmembers.AlthoughthereisgeneralagreementontheneedforincorporatingsmartDERfunctionsintogridoperationsandbroadagreementonthemostimportantfunctions,itisclearthatthedetailedrequirementsforsomeoftheDER