隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫.docx

隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫.docx

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隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫

BADissertation

EnvironmentBeddingandMetonymy

inDickens'sGreatExpectations

BACandidateCaoDanwei

SupervisorHuYuming

WestAnhuiUniversity

May,2013

Acknowledgements

HereIavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedmeinthecourseofwritingthispaper.

Firstly,Iwouldliketothankmydearsupervisor,Mr.HuYuming,forhisconstantencouragementandguidanee.He

haswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisdissertation.Hehasofferedmevaluableideas,suggestionsandcriticismwiththeprofoundknowledgeinhisresearch

experienee.Withouthisconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisdissertationwouldnevercometoitspresentform.

Secondly,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoalltheteacherswhoeducatedandcultivatedmetobeaqualifiedteacherinthefutureinthepasttwoyears.

Finally,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Abstract

Charles

Dickens

（1812-1870）,

generally

regarded

asthe

greatest

literary

authorofhis

time

inVictorian

England,

enjoyed

awider

popularitythan

any

other

previous

authors

haddoneduringhiswholelifetime.Dickens'slaterworkGreat

Expectations（1861）,whichwasconsideredashisartistic

masterpiece,wasthemostperfectlyconstructedofall

Dickens'snovels.Thisthesiscarefullyanalyzedthe

relationshipbetweenmetonymyandtheenvironment

beddinginDickens'sGreatExpectationstoachieveabetter

understandingofthisnovel.Thisthesiswascomponentedoffourchapters.Chapteronewasabriefintroductiontothis

thesis,thelifeandcareerofCharlesDickens.ChapterTwo

discussedthefigureofenvironmentbeddinginGreatExpectation.ChapterThreefocusedonthefigureofmetonymyinGreatExpectationandtherelationshipbetweenmetonymyandenvironmentbeddinginthisnovel.Thelastchapterconcludedthattheauthorusedmuchmetonymyrhetorictomaketheenvironmentbeddingmorevivid.Theuseofthemwaswellcomplementedwitheachotherinthisnovel.

Itwasimportantforonetopayattentiontotheimportanceofusingrhetoricandwritingtechniquesinwriting.

Keywords:

CharlesDickens;GreatExpectation;environmentbedding;metonymy

摘要

查尔斯•狄更斯（1812-1870）,被认为是维多利亚时代英国最伟大的文学天才。

他的受欢迎程度比以往任何作者都高。

狄更斯的后期作品《远大的前程》（1861），是他的艺术杰作，是狄更斯所有小说中最完美的。

这篇论文分析了在《远大前程》中换喻和环境铺垫的关系，以便更好地理解这部小说。

全文包括四大部分。

第一章前言,简单的介绍了文本内容，狄更斯的生平和职业生涯。

第二章主要是小说的写作手法之一的环境铺垫进行描述分析。

第三章重点对修辞手法换喻在《远大前程》中的作用进行分析，以及换喻和环境铺垫在这部小说中的关系。

最后一章为结论，狄更斯在小说中换喻的使用让环境铺垫的描写更为生动。

换喻和环境铺垫在小说中的使用是对各自很好

的补充。

因此，在写作中注意对修辞手法和写作技巧的运用是非常重要的。

关键词：

查尔斯•狄更斯；《远大前程》；环境铺垫；转喻

Contents

Acknowledgements“““:

....乖..

Abstract（EnglishVersion）:

ii

Abstract（ChineseVersion）

Contentsiv

ChapterIIntroduction1

1.1IntroductiontoCharlesDickens：

：

1

1.2IntroductiontoGreat

Expectations3

ChapterIIEnvironmentbeddinginGreat

Expectations6・

2.1Environmentforeshadowingin

novels：

：

.t.7

2.2EnvironmentforeshadowinginGreat

Expectation...9

ChapterIIIMetonymyinGreat

Expectations：

：

11

3.1Thedefinitionofmetonymy.•.：

11

3.2MetonymyinGreat

Expectations：

：

：

12

3.3Thecorrelationbetweenmetonymyandenvironment

bedding….13

17

ChapterIVConclusion...16

Bibliography

ChapterIIntroduction

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）,generallyregardedasthe

greatestliterarygeniusesofhistimeinVictorianEngland,

enjoyedawiderpopularitythananypreviousauthorhaddoneduringhislifetime.Dickens'slaterworkGreatExpectations（1861）,whichwasregardedashisartisticmasterpiece,wasthemostperfectlyconstructedofamongallhisnovels.He

concentratedonbottompeople'skindness,warmthandthe

powerofmoralinfluenee.GreatExpectationsreflectedfourdifferentperiod'sinterpersonalrelationshipandthechangeofthepsychologicalactivityofPip.Inordertodescribethedevelopmentofprotagonist'scharacter,theauthorincisivelyandvividlyexplainedhowacountryinspiredaniceyoungmanwhothengraduallydevelopedintoupperclassasagentlemanbutendwithbadhabitsanddisillusion

1.1IntroductiontoCharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812—870）,wasthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedentedfame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhisliterarygeniuswasbroadlyacknowledgedbycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular（Laurenee,2008:

76）.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.HecontributedquitealottothedevelopmentofBritishLiterature.

Heeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,5novellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedoverhiscareer（Chesterton,2008:

10-12）.Ofallhisbooks,Dickensshowedhisgreatconcerntowardthesocietyhelivedin.Thecontinuingpopularityofhisnovelsandshortstoriesisthattheyhavenevergoneoutofprint.ThebeginningofthenovelwassetshortlyafterDickens'sbirth

date（1812）inthecountryofhischildhood--theKentishcountrysidebythesea.Dickenswasn'tanorphan,asPipwas,

buthemaywellhavefeltlikeone.Hisparentsweresociable,pleasantpeople,butwhenCharles,whowastheeldestboy,wasnine,Dickens'sfamilypulleduprootsandmovedtoLondontotrytolivemorecheaply.Charleswasappalledbythecramped,grubbyhousetheylivedinandevenmoreashamedwhenhisfatherwasarrestedandtakentodebtors'

prison.TherestoftheDickenswasallowedtomoveintoprisonwiththeirfather,buttwelve-year-oldCharleshadtoliveonhisownoutside.Afterhisfatherwasreleasedfromtheprison,Dickensreturnedtoschool.Heeventuallybecamealawclerk,thenacourtreporter,andfinallyanovelist.

Dickenslovedthestyleofthe18thcenturypicaresquenovelswhichhefoundinabundanceonhisfather'sshelves.AccordingtoAckroyd,otherthanthese,perhapsthemost

importantliteraryinflueneeonhimwasderivedfromthe

fablesofTheArabianNights（Ackroyd,1990:

44-45）.Hisfirstnovel,thePickwickPapers,becameahugepopularsuccesswhenDickenswasonlytwenty-five.Withinafewyearshehadbecomeaninternationalliterarycelebrity,famousforhis

humour,satire,andkeenobservationofcharacterandsociety.

Hisnovels,mostpublishedinmonthlyorweeklyinstalments,pioneeredtheserialpublicationofnarrativefiction,which

becamethedominantVictorianmodefornovelpublication（Grossman,2012:

54）.His1843novella,AChristmasCarol,wasoneofthemostinfluentialworkseverwritten,anditremainedpopularandcontinuedtoinspireadaptationsineveryartisticgenre.Hiscreativegeniushadbeenpraisedbyfellowwriters

—fromLeoTolstoytoG.K.ChestertonandGeorgeOrwell—

foritsrealism,comedy,prosestyle,uniquecharacterisations,andsocialcriticism.Hepublishedhisworksextensivelyandwasconsideredaliterarycelebrityuntilhisdeathin1870.

Dickenswasthemostpopularnovelistofhistime,andremainedoneofthebestknownandmostreadofEnglishauthors.

1.2IntroductiontoGreatExpectations

GreatExpectationswasoneofthemostmatureworksofChar

lesDickens,whichmainlytold

theheroPiplookingforhisgreatexpectation.Attheopeningofthenovel,Pipwasaparentlessyoungboy.Hisparentsandsiblingshadpassedaway,andhewaslefttohiseldersister.Adefinitelyraggedconvictwasstaringdownathim,whoplayedaveryimportantroleinPip'slife.AsPipgrewup,hebecamethesubjectofsomeunknownparty'sverygreatexpectationsandwasendowedwithconsiderablewealthunexpectedly.

Thethemesareoftenthefundamentalanduniversalideas

exploredinaliterarywork.ThemoralthemeofGreatExpectationswasquitesimple:

affection,loyalty,andconscieneearemoreimportantthansocialadvancement,

wealth,andclass.DickensestablishedthethemeandshowedPiplearningthislesson,largelybyexploringideasofambitionandself-improvement.Pip'sdesireforself-improvementwasthemainsourceofthenovel'stitle:

becausehebelievedinthe

possibilityofadvancementinlife,hehad“greatexpectations”

abouthisfuture.

Therewasnodoubtthatthewaytheauthordescribedhischaractersanddevelopedthemwasfabulous.EachcharacterplayedaninfluentialroleinPip'slife.Alltheserolesandthebrilliantwayinwhichtheywereplot-developedwererelatedtoPipshowedafeelingoffamiliarityandnostalgia.

Moreover,thenovelwasfilledwithhardshipsandconflicts

forPipaswell.ItwasclearthatPiphadadefiningwishtoimprovehimself,butalsoanintenseconscieneethroughoutthenovel.Atthebeginningofthebook,Pipeagerlydesiredtorisehimselfabovesurroundingsandmadethemostofhimselfaspossiblyashecan,andevenmore.ThedesirereallybeganwithhisintroductiontoMissHavisham,averystrangewomanwholivedintheSatisHouseuptown.HemetnotonlyMissHavishambuttheyoungadoptedgirlEstellathere,whomwasraisedbyMissHavishamsinceearlychildhood.Pipwasalmostinstantlyattractedbyherbeauty,yetshescornedhimsharply.

Pipcouldn'tunderstandwhyshetreatedhimlikethis,andwasveryembarrassedofhimselfandhisbackground