届二轮复习语法专题介词考点解读11页word版.docx
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届二轮复习语法专题介词考点解读11页word版
2019届二轮复习语法专题介词考点解读
高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。
（一）语法填空常考点
1．固定搭配中的介词
典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）
谨记规律（为什么、怎么办）
①（2016·全国卷Ⅰ）ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s.
②（2016·全国卷Ⅱ）Mostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.
③（2015·全国卷Ⅰ）ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhourawaybycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter knowncity.
④（2015·全国卷Ⅱ）Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.
⑤（2015·广东高考）Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.
⑥（2015·湖北高考改编）Thismeetingroomisanon smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.
⑦（2014·辽宁高考）OK.Don’tlaughatme.Imaylookfunny.
⑧（2015·陕西高考改编）Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmaby_thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.
⑨（2015·重庆高考改编）Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.
（2016·济南一模）It’sobviousthatthenewmanagerisrichinexperience.
⑪（2016·福建四地六校联考）Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tveryparticularaboutthefoodheeats.
介词＋名词
at＋名词
atsea,atwork,atlunch,atrisk,attable,atrest,atthesametime
in＋名词
inadvance,incase,incharge,incommon,indemand,infact,inorder,inprogress,inreturn,inturn,invain
on＋名词
onpurpose,onleave,onholiday,onstrike,onsale,onguard,onfoot,ontime,onthecontrary,onbehalfof,onaverage
under＋名词
underobservation,underconstruction,underconsideration,underrepair
outof＋名词
outofbreath,outofbalance,outofdate,outofcontrol,outoftouch
形容词＋介词
形容词＋of
beafraidof,beashamedof,beawareof,betiredof,besureof,befondof,beproudof,beworthyof
形容词＋with
becontentwith,befamiliarwith,bepleasedwith,bepopularwith,bestrictwith,besatisfiedwith
形容词＋in
berichin,beinterestedin,besuccessfulin,beabsorbedin
形容词＋to
bepoliteto,bekindto,becruelto,besimilarto,befamiliarto
形容词＋for
befamousfor,befitfor,beeagerfor,beresponsiblefor
形容词＋about
becuriousabout,beparticularabout,beenthusiasticabout,beanxiousabout
动词＋介词
动词＋about
bringabout,careabout,comeabout,complainabout,knowabout,thinkabout,worryabout
动词＋at
arriveat,callat,glanceat,glareat,knockat,laughat,pointat,shootat,stareat
动词＋for
accountfor,applyfor,answerfor,arrangefor,callfor,longfor,gofor,hopefor,competefor,seekfor,preparefor,wishfor
2.常用介词
典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）
谨记规律（为什么、怎么办）
①（2016·全国卷Ⅲ）ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.
②（2014·陕西高考改编）TheScottishgirlwithblueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.
with的主要含义：
（1）（表示状态）具有，带有
（2）（表示伴随）随着
（3）（表示原因）由于，因为
（4）（表示关系）和……起
（5）（表示用途）用……
③（2016·四川高考）Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.
for的主要含义：
（1）为了
（2）代表 （3）因为，由于 （4）赞成，支持
（5）就……而言 （6）达（表示延续的时间）
④（2014·北京高考改编）Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.
in的主要含义：
（1）在（某段时间）之后
（2）穿着（表示状态或状况）
（3）处于……中
（4）（表示使用的语言、材料等）用……
（5）在……方面
（6）（表示方向）以……方向
⑤（2016·济宁二模）Theyoungmotherwhisperedsomethingtoherchildren.
⑥（2016·承德高三模拟）Waituntilthelightschangetogreenbeforecrossingtheroad.
⑦（2016·潍坊高三二模）Herdevotiontosciencewaspraisedandadmiredbythepeoplealloverthecountry.
to的主要含义和用法：
（1）（表示方向）朝……，向……
（2）（表示程度）到……，达到……
（3）在某些名词后常跟介词to，如：
key,answer,visit,apology,solution,attitude,devotion,entrance等
⑧Tobeacknowledgedasthefirsttoreceivethishonorisbeyondexpressioninwordsforme.
beyond的主要含义：
（1）（表示位置）在……另一边，在……更远处
（2）（表示程度）超出，非……所能及
⑨Hearingabouthisidea,somewereinfavourofhissuggestion,butsomeotherswerestronglyagainstit.
against的主要含义：
（1）（表示态度）反对
（2）（表示对比）以……为背景
（3）（表示方位）倚靠着……
（二）短文改错常考点
典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）
我来改正
常设错点（为什么、怎么办）
①（2016·全国卷Ⅰ）Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.
②（2016·全国卷Ⅲ）NowIamleavinghometocollege.
③（2015·全国卷Ⅰ）Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.
④（2014·全国卷Ⅰ）Nearlyfiveyearsago,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden.
①dreams后加of
②to→for
③on→with
④by→of
习惯搭配中介词的错用
在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动。
⑤（2015·全国卷Ⅱ）Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.
⑥（2014·全国卷Ⅱ）Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter schoolactivities.
⑤on→in
⑥with→for
介词与名词、动词、形容词搭配不当
⑦（2015·陕西高考）Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.
⑧（2015·四川高考）Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.
⑦去掉in
⑧去掉with
介词的多余
①及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；
②last,next后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。
⑨（2014·全国卷Ⅱ）Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.
⑩（2014·四川高考）Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.
⑨listening后加to
⑩wait后加for
介词的缺失
不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。
[介词专练]
1．Iaminfavourofyoursuggestionthatweshouldspendmoretimeonthisproject.
2．Ourofficewasn’tfarfromChinatown,whereIfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants.
3．Whitefatstoresextraenergy,whichresultsinweightgain.
4．Ihadtogivethisspeechfrommymemoryandinfrontofsuchabigaudience!
5．—Howmuchdidhechargeyoufortheservice?
—Luckily,it’snothing.
6．Itsavesalotoftimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusewithineasyreach.
7．Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsaltatalowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.
8．Heisnofoolatall,andinfact,heisthesmartestboyIhaveeverseen.
9．—IamsorryIdidn’tfinishthetask.
—Nevermind.Afterall,youhavetriedyourbest.
10．It’stimeforyoutochangeyourattitudetowards/towomennow,Tom.Theyholduphalfthesky,youknow.
11．Thevillagerscollectedmoneytosetupamonumentinmemoryofthosewhodiedinthegreatearthquake.
12．Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?
Theyareforeveryone’senjoyment.
13．Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewillintime.
14．Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.
15．Hewasagoodstudentandscoredaboveaverageinmostsubjects.
16．—Whatmakesyoudecidetobuyanewhouseinthetown?
—Thistownisfreefrompollution.
17．Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interestsabovehisown.
18．Thegirlinareddressismysister,andthereddresslooksbeautifulonher.
19．Hehasgotthejobbecausehehastheadvantageoverothersofknowingmanyforeignlanguages.
20．Thepurposeofthearticleistodrawpublicattentiontotheproblem.
21．Thesunlightcameinthroughthewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.
22．—WhynottalkwithyourparentsaboutyourwillingnesstoattendPekingUniversitySummerCamp?
—Itriedinvaintogetthemtolistentome.
23．Ifyoucouldexchangeliveswithsomeoneforashorttime,wouldyouliketodothat?
24．Thecomputergameisdesignedforgamelovers,youngonesinparticular.
25．Astheonlychild,Jackwasinpossessionofallthebelongingsafterhisparentsdied.
26．Weofferedherourcongratulationsonherpassingthedrivingtest.
27．WethoughtMarywouldpassandJohnwouldfail,butitwascontrarytotheexpectation.
28．Hecametothemeetingdespitehisseriousillness.
29．Althoughagainstmyopinion,theoldprofessordidn’tcomeupwithhisown.
30．Onthemorningofmymother’sbirthday,Iusuallyhelpmymotherdosomehousework.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Yourstoryiswonderful;I’veneverheardagoodonebefore.good→better
2．IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.little→less
3．Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.bad→worse
4．Well,Ilikemuchmorethanone,suchaspaintingandmodelmaking,butmyfavoriteisdancing.去掉much
5．Insomeplacesyoumayborrowasmorebooksasyouneed,butinothersyouarelimitedtoacertainnumberofbooks.more→many
6．Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectathundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns.at→on
7．Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadmanydiseases.lead后加to
8．ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.Itissaidtohavestartedintheearly1800’s.去掉of
9．Suddenlyitoccurredtomethathemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.SoIimmediatelygottouchwiththetaxicompany.got后加in
10．I’mafraidphysicsiscompletelyagainstmeandIhavetoaskyouforhelp.against→beyond
11．ThesearethehappiestgirlsI’veeverseenandI’mthehappiestinall！
in→of
12．I’mveryinterestedinthejobandI’dliketoapplytotheposition.第二个to→for
13．I’dliketobringyouacolddrinkinreturnwithyourhelp.with→for
14．Tiredastheyare,therescuersarestillinsearchforthemissingpeopleintheflashfloods.for→of_或search前加their
15．Thepolicearebusylookingafterthecauseofthetrafficaccident.after→into
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