英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案

【英语】高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）真题汇编（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:

itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.

   Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?

Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?

Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.

   'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.

   Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.

   Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重构的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?

Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?

A. Itconsumeslotsoftime.                                  B. Itinvolvesinterestingideas.

C. Itrequirescomplextechniques.                      

D. Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.

（2）Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?

A. Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.

B. Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.

C. Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.

D. Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.

（3）WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?

A. Hopeful                      B. Doubtful.                      C. Disapproving.                      D. Ambiguous.

（4）Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A. Entertainment.                    

B. Culture.                    

C. Education.                    

D. Pop-science.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。

折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:

itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测ErikDemaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重构的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   InKorea,itisrudetowearshoesinsidesomeone'shousebecauseitisconsidereddirty.InSaudiArabia,youshouldnotbringfoodtosomeone'shousebecausetakingfoodordrinksuggeststhatyouthinkthehostcannotaffordthemeal.Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldaretravellingabroadtostudy,togoonvacation,ortowork,andwhileitcanbeagreatwaytolearnaboutothercultures,theremaybetimeswhentravelersaccidentallyannoytheirhost.

   Thesamegesturecanhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.ThegesturemeaningOKintheUnitedStatesmeanssomethingcompletelydifferentinBrazilasEllaYaodiscovered.EllahadtravelledtoBraziltostudyandwaslivingwithahostfamily.Duringdinner,herhostaskedEllaifshewasenjoyingthemeal.Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.

   WhiletravellinginThailand,ElizabethBrownlearnedthattherearedifferencesinfoodintheUnitedStatesandThailand.Shestoppedatasmall,family-ownedrestaurantinChiangMaiandorderedspringrolls.Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.Shecomplainedtotheserver.Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）insomecountries.

   Allthesemistakescanbeavoidedwithsomeresearchonculturaldifferencesbeforeyougoabroad.However,ifyoudoaccidentallyannoysomeone,quicklyapologize,andlearnfromyourmistake.

（1）ForwhatreasondidEllamakeherhostangry?

A. Shespokewithhermouthfull.                       

B. Herhostmisunderstoodhergesture.

C. Shedidn'tlikethemealherhostprepared.   

D. Herhostdidn'tlikeusingbodylanguage.

（2）WhathappenedtoElizabethBrowninaThairestaurant?

A. Sheateaninsect.                                             

B. Shewasbadlytreated.

C. Shearguedwiththeserver.                             D. Shelearnedinsectsarewelcomethere.

（3）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A. Whatmatters          B. WheninRome          C. Howtobepolite          D. Whymakemistakes

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。

文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和OK这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段中Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示OK，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）insomecountries.可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选D。

注意A项错误，文章是说Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。

（3）主旨大意题。

本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故B项“WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo”即入乡随俗，适合作文章题目。

3．阅读理解

   GuesswhatformerAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRudd,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergandUnitedStatespresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,ArabellaKushner,haveincommon?

TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.

   AlthoughChineseisknownasoneofthehardestlanguagestolearn,alotofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsarestudyingitwithhopesofbigbenefits.

   Nov2sawmorethan120people,comingfrom105countries,competeinthefinalsofthe12th"ChineseBridge"ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforforeignsecondaryschoolstudents.HeldinZhengzhou,Henanprovince,thefinalswasmainlymadeupofspeechcontestsandtalentshows.ThecontestantsalsovisitedtheShaolinTemple,LongmenGrottoesandotherhistoricalsitesinHenan.

   WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.

   Raissa,17,fromtheUnionoftheComoros,developedastrongemotionalconnectionwithChinaafterhergrandmotherwascuredbydoctorsoftheChinesemedicalteaminAfricathreeyearsago.ThisledhertolearnChineseatalocalConfuciusInstitute.

   FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina."MydreamistostudymedicineinChinasothatIcouldcurepatientsliketheChinesedoctorsdid,"shesaid.

   ForFeketeMarcellZoltan,17,fromtheHungarian-ChineseBilingualSchool,studyingChinesemaysecurehimafuturejobasaHungariandiplomat（外交官）toChina."Aftergraduationfromhighschool,IwouldliketofurthermystudiesinChina,"hesaid.

   RobertDavis,directoroftheChinese-languageprograminChicago'spublicschoolsystem,maygiveyouahint."Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld."hetoldCGTN.

（1）WhyareMarkZuckerbergandArabellaKushnermentionedinparagraphone?

A.ToshowChineseispopular.

B.Tointroducethemtothereaders.

C.TotellthereaderstheyloveChina.

D.TostresstheimportanceoflearningChinese.

（2）TheunderlinedwordFascinatedinparagraph6canbereplacedby______.

A.Attracted

B.Employed

C.Inspected

D.Appreciated

（3）Whatisthecommonreasonforthecompetitorstolearn