成人本科大学英语B统考《阅读理解二》解析真题全新版.docx

成人本科大学英语B统考《阅读理解二》解析真题全新版.docx

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成人本科大学英语B统考《阅读理解二》解析真题全新版

第二部分阅读理解

（2）（2021年9月统考）全真翻译版

以下16篇阅读理解必考一篇,答案是四个选项选一,本部分不做红色标注,全部为重点内容,必须掌握,原题出现,答案位置不变,考1题10分,10分一定不可以丢.建议多看短文的中文意思,然后记下选项答案.

最后附录为搭桥联想记忆法,适合10分钟内强化记忆.

Passage1（美国及美国人的由来）

TheUnitedStatescoversalargepartoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ItsneighborsareCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisabigcountry,itisnotthelargestintheworld.In2000,itspopulationwasover222million.

Whenthislandfirstbecameanation,afterwinningitsindependencefromEngland,ithadthirteenstates.EachofthestateswasrepresentedontheAmericanflagbyastar.Allthesestateswereintheeasternpartofthecontinent.Asthenationgrewtowardthewest,newstateswereaddedandnewstarsappearedontheflag.Foralongtime,therewere48stars.In1959,however,twomorestarswereaddedtotheflag,representingthenewstatesofAlaskaandHawaii.

IndianswerethefirstpeopleofthelandwhichisnowtheUnitedStates.TherearestillmanythousandsofIndiansnowlivinginallpartsofthecountry.SometimesitissaidthattheIndiansare“theonlyrealAmericans”.MostAmericanscomefromallovertheworld.ThosewhocamefirstingreatestnumberstomaketheirhomesontheeasterncoastofNorthAmericaweremostlyfromEngland.ItisforthatreasonthatthelanguageoftheUnitedStatesisEnglishandthatitscultureandcustomsaremorelikethoseofEnglandthanthoseofanyothercountryintheworld.

 美国占去北美大陆很大一部分土地.它北邻加拿大,南接墨西哥.虽然美国是一个大国,但它不是世界上最大的.在2000年,它的人口超过2.22亿.

这片土地刚从英国独立出来,第一次成为一个国家的时候,只有十三个州,每个州在美国国旗上由一颗星来代表.这些州都在东部.当这个国家不断向西扩大,就增加了新的州,同时它们也出现在国旗上.很长一段时间,美国有48个州,可是,到1959年,国旗上又多了两颗星,分别代表阿拉斯加和夏威夷. 

 印地安人是如今叫做美国的这块土地上的最初居民.现在在全国各地仍然居住着许多这些原始居民的后裔.有时人们说印安人才是“真正的美国人”.不过,大部分美国人是来自世界各地.那些最早大批来到北美东海岸建立家园的人大部来自英格兰,也是由于这个原因,美国的国语为英语,而它的文化习俗也与英国的更为相像. 

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

以下选项哪个是正确的?

A.Americaisthelargestcountryintheworld.

B.TheUnitedStatesliesnexttoCanadaandMexico.美国邻近加拿大和墨西哥.

C.AmericacoversmostpartoftheNorthAmericancontinent.

D.MexicoistothenorthofCanada.

2.Afterwinningitsindependence,theUnitedStatesmainlydevelopedwestward.在赢得了独立之后,美国向西发展.

A.hadnothingtodowithEnglandB.madeIndiapartofitsland

C.mainlydevelopedwestwardD.tookoverpartsofCanadaandMexico

3.TheUnitedStatesdidn’thave______statesuntil________.美国在1959年前没有50个星星

A.thirteen;1959B.fifty;1959

C.fifty;thislandfirstbecameanationD.fifty;1964

4.WhyisEnglishthelanguageofAmerica?

为什么美国的国语为英语?

A.BecauseEnglishisthenativelanguageoftheIndians.

B.BecausemostAmericanscomefromallovertheworld.

C.BecauseCanadaisAmerica’snearestneighbor.

D.BecausemostofthepeoplewhofirstsettledinAmericawerefromEngland.因为最早来定居人大部分来自于英格兰

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis“_________”.这篇文章最好的标题是美利坚合众国

A.theStatesofAmericaB.ThelanguageofAmerica

C.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaD.TheCultureandCustomsofAmerica

KEY:

BCBDC

Passage2

Whatmakesapersonascientist?

Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers?

Theansweris“no”.Itisnotthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakehimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowerisimportanttoacarpenter.Youwillprobablyagree,too,thatknowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist,however,goesonestepfurther,hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswercanbeconfirmedbyotherpersons.Healsoworkstofittheanswerhegetstomanyquestionsintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.

Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact.Thereisnoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent,anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstrationmustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.Thisisonereasonthatinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein,whodevelopedthetheoryofrelativity,arrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracyofthismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigations,Einstein’sideaswereshowntobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.

是什么使一个普通人成为科学家?

他有与众不同的学习方法和工具吗?

答案是否定的.不是因为科学家使用的工具,而是因为他使用工具的方法使得他成为科学家.你也许认同怎么用力对一名木匠来说很重要.你也许也认同如何研究调查,如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要.然而,科学家比这更进一步,他必须确定对自己的问题给出了一个合理的答案,并且他的答案通过别人也可以得到证实.同时,他还要让自己得出的许多答案符合关于世界如何运作的理论之中.

科学家的知识必须是精确的.不能出现半对半错或者只对一半的情况.他必须在条件允许的情况下尽可能正确.在某个时间某个条件下成立的理论或公式必须在其他时间相同的条件下都能成立.如果条件发生了变化,科学家在证明过程中观察到的任何变化都必须由条件的变化来解释.这就是调查在科学研究中十分重要的一个理由.爱因斯坦通过数学方法提出了相对论.其数学方法的正确性被后人的调查研究所证实,从而证明该理论是正确的.一个科学家会用很多方法来进行调查研究.然后用数学来计算这些结果,从而测试这些调查结果是否正确.

1.Whatmakesascientistaccordingtothepassage?

根据这篇文章的观点科学家是如何来的?

A.Thetoolsheuses.B.Thewayheuseshistools.他使用工具的方法

C.Hiswayoflearning.D.Thevarioustoolsheuses.

2.“Thescientist,however,goesonestepfurther…”.Theauthorsaysthistoshow_______.

“然而,科学家比这更进一步……”作者这么说是为了说明什么?

A.theimportanceofinformationB.theimportanceofthinking

C.thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeople科学家与普通人的区别

D.thedifferencebetweencarpentersandpeoplewithotherjobs

3.Asoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat_______.一项伟大的科学理论应该是怎么样的?

A.worksnotonlyunderonesetofconditionsatonetime,butalsounderthesameconditionsatothertimes不仅只在一种条件下一次可行,而是要在同样的条件下一直可行.

B.doesnotallowanychangesevenunderdifferentconditions

C.canbeusedformanypurposesD.leavenoroomforimprovement

4.TheauthorquotesthecaseofAlbertEinsteintoillustrate_______.作者引用爱因斯坦的例子是为了证明什么?

A.thatmeasurementsarekeystosuccessinscienceB.thataccuracyofmathematics

C.thattheinvestigationsareimportantinscience调查研究在科学领域十分重要.

D.thatthemathematicalcalculationsmaytesthisinvestigations

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

这篇文章的中心意思是什么?

A.Thetheoryofrelativity.B.Exactnessisthecoreofscience.

C.Scientistsaredifferentfromordinarypeople.

D.Exactnessandwaysofusingtoolsarethekeystothemakingofascientist.

　确切性和使用工具的方法是成为科学家的重要因素.

KEY:

BCACD

Passage3

Onedayabookseller（书商）letabigboxofbooksfallonhisfoot.“Gotoseethedoctor,”saidhiswife.“No,”hesaid,“I’llwaituntilthedoctorcomesintotheshopnexttime.ThenI’llaskhimaboutmyfoot.IfIgotoseehim,I’llhavetopayhim.”

Onthenextdaythedoctorcameintotheshopforsomebooks.Whenthebooksellerwasgettingthemready,hetoldthedoctorabouthisbadfoot.Thedoctorlookedatit.

“Youmustputthatfootinhotwatereverynight.Thenyoumustputsomethingonit,”saidthedoctor.

Hetookoutapieceofpaperandwroteonit.“Buythisandputitonthefootbeforeyougotobedeverynight,”hesaid.

“Thankyou,”saidthebookseller.“Andnow,sir,hereareyourbooks.”

“Howmuch?

”saidthedoctor.

“Twopounds.”

“Good,”saidthedoctor.“Ishallnothavetopayyouanything.”

“Why?

”askedthebookseller.

“Itoldyouaboutyourfoot.Iwanttwopoundsforthat.Ifpeoplecometomyhouse,Iaskthemtopayonepoundforasmallthinglikethat.ButwhenIgototheirhouses,Iwanttwopounds.AndIcamehere,didn’tI?

”

一天一位书商被一大箱书砸到了脚.他妻子说:

“去看医生吧.”他说:

“不,我要等医生下次到店里来,然后让他帮我看脚.如果到他那里看,我就得付给他诊金了.”

第二天医生到店里来买书.书商把书找齐,然后把脚伤告诉了医生.医生给他看脚.

医生说:

“你每晚要用热水泡脚,然后上药.

他拿出一张纸写下药方,说:

“买这种药,然后每晚睡前涂在脚上.”

书商说:

“谢谢.那么,先生,这是您的书.”

医生问:

“多少钱?

”

“两英镑.”

“太好了,”医生说:

“我就不用付你钱了.”

“为什么?

”书商问道.

“我给你看了脚,收你两英镑.像那样的小伤,如果到我那里看,我只收一英镑.但是要我出诊,就收两英镑.而我到你这里来给你看病了,不是吗?

”

1.Whathappenedtothebookselleroneday?

有一天书商发生了什么事情?

A.Helostaboxofbooks.B.Hisfootwaswoundedbyaboxofbooks.他的脚被一箱书砸伤了.

C.Helentthedoctoraboxofbooks.D.Hesoldoutallhisbooks

2.Thebookseller’swifeaskedhim__________.书商的妻子让他__________.

A.togooutforsomemedicineB.tosendsomebodyforadoctor

C.togotoseethedoctor去看医生D.towaitforthedoctortocome

3.Thebooksellerdidn’ttakehiswife’sadvicebecause__________.

书商没有接受妻子的建议是因为__________.

A.hewasafraidofthedoctorB.hedidn’tliketotakemedicine

C.hecouldn’twalkbyhimselfD.hedidn’twanttopaythedoctor他不想付钱给医生

4.Thedoctorpaid__________forthebooks.医生支付了__________买书.

A．onepoundB.twopoundsC.nothing没有D.something

5.Thebooksellerpaid__________moneyforseeingthedoctorintheend.

最终书商支付了__________看医生.

A．more更多B.lessC.thesameamountofD.no

KEY:

BCDCA

Passage4

TodayNewtonisaverycleanplace.Manyyearsago,however,thereweremillionsofratsinit.Theyattackedthecatsanddogs.Sometimesagreatnumberofthemknockeddownamanorwomanwalkinghomeatnight.Theratswereverylargeinsizeandtheyharmedmanypeople.

Theygovernmentorderedeverybodytokillrats.Mostpeoplewerelazy,sotheydidn’tkillmany.Thegovernmentpromisedtopaysomemoneyforeachdeadrat.Thatmadethepeopleveryhappy.Theykilledthousandsofratseveryday.Agovernmentofficerputallthedeadratsinabigpile.Sometimesamanbroughthundredsinoneday.

Aftertwoweekstherewerenotmanyratsinthecity,butpeoplestillbroughtmanyratstothegovernmentoffice.Thegovernmentofficerthoughtthatpeoplewerestealingdadratsfromthepile.Heorderedhismentodigadeepholeandputtheratsinit.Soontherewerenomorerats,andthegovernmentdidn’tpayanymoremoney.

如今牛顿市是一个非常干净的地方.然而,很多年前,那里有上百万只老鼠.它们袭击猫狗.走夜路回家的人中,无论男女,也经常有人被一大群老鼠撞倒.那些老鼠个头很大,使很多人受伤.

政府下令每个人都要灭鼠.大多数人都很懒,所以灭掉的不多