现在完成时讲解.docx
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现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解
一.基本结构:
助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二.句型:
肯定句:
主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
否定句:
主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语:
Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)
No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三.用法
(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
eg:
Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义是:
现在我没有钱花了.)
Guozijunhas(just/already)come.(含义:
郭子君现在在这儿)
Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:
我爸爸现在不在这儿)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
①for+时间段
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:
自从……以来)
③since+时间段+ago
④since+从句(过去时)
⑤Itis+时间段+since+从句(过去时)
eg:
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.
Ihavelivedheresince1998.
四.hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别
Have/Hasgone(to):
去了(现在不在说话现场)
eg:
Whereisyourfather?
HehasgonetoShanghai.
Have/Hasbeen(to):
去过(已不在去过的地方)
eg:
MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.
Have/hasbeenin:
呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
eg:
MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.
五.现在完成时的标志
1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
*以already,just和yet为标志
Hehasalreadygotherhelp. 他已得到她的帮助。
Hehasjustseenthefilm. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
Hehasn'tcomebackyet. 他还没有回来。
*以ever和never为标志
ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
HehasneverbeentoBeijing. 他从没有到过北京。
*以动作发生的次数为标志
HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。
*以sofar(到目前为止)为标+before
HehasgottoBeijingsofar. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
Shehaspassedtheexamsofar. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志
注意:
1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;
2)不能与when连用
3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
六.过去分词
1、规则动词:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2、不规则动词:
AAA型
原型过去式过去分词
Burstburstburst
hurthurthurt
letletlet
castcastcast
costcostcost
cutcutcut
hithithit
putputput
setsetset
shutshutshut
spreadspreadspread
readreadread(read原形发音为/ri:
d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/)
AAB型
beatbeatbeaten
ABA型
becomebecamebecome
runranrun
comecamecome
ABB型
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
buildbuiltbuilt
burnburntburnt
catchcaughtcaught
digdugdug
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
hearheardheard
holdheldheld
keepkeptkept
laylaidlaid
leadledled
loselostlost
makemademade
meetmetmet
sellsoldsold
shootshotshot
sitsatsat
standstoodstood
sweepsweptswept
teachtaughttaught
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
winwonwon
ABC型
beginbeganbegun
blowblewblown
breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
drawdrewdrawn
drivedrovedriven
drinkdrankdrunk
flyflewflown
forgiveforgaveforgiven
forgetforgotforgotten
freezefrozefrozen
givegavegiven
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
rideroderidden
riseroserisen
ringrangrung
shakeshookshaken
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
swimswamswum
throwthrewthrown
writewrotewritten
七.瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go,leave,join……)不能直接与forsince连用。
要改变动词
buy----have borrow-----keep
come/arrive/reach/getto-----bein
goout----beout leave----beaway
begin-----beon finish----beover
open----beopen close-----beclosed
die----bedead
★1.have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
★3、用be替代become
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
★4、用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
★5、用wear代替puton
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill
3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代getup
3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto
4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo
2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy
3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.
→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词
2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback
3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout
4.havebecome→havebeen
5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open
6.havegotup→havebeenup;
7.havedied→havebeendead;
8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.
9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;
10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover;
11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;
12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;
13.havebegun→havebeenon
14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had
15.havelost→haven’thad
16.haveputon→haveworn
17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;
18.havegottoknow→haveknown
19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy
→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…
现在完成时练习
(一)
A)选用have,has填空:
1.I_______toldhimthenews.
2.She________comebackfromschool.
3.You________wonthegame.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
4.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________
5.Hehaslosthisbook.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________
C)单项选择
6.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?
-I've______tothebank.
A.gone,gone B.been,been C.gone,been D.been,gone
7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.
A.died B.hasdied C.hasbeendead D.hasbeendied
8.It'ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.
A.when B.since C.before D.for
9.TomandJackatWestHillFarmalready.
A.havegot B.havearrived C.havebeento D.havereached
现在完成时练习
(二)
一、单项选择。
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.Still
3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good
C.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studyingB.will;study
C.has;studiedD.are;studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygo
C.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegun
C.hasbeenonD.began
15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.isB.HasC.WillD.was
16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.WentC.willgoD.hasbeen
17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeento
C.havegonetoD.havebeen
18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got
C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
20、Hisuncle____formorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowork
C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
二、句型转换。
1、Hehasneversurfed,?
(改成反意疑问句)
2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ theybeenhere?
3、Theoldman_________lastyear.
He____ forayear.(die)(动词填空)
4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)
Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.
5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)
MissGao_______________________________anhourago.
6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)
Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.
7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)
_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.
8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
6、他这些天上哪儿去了?
参考答案:
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。
这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。
故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。
2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),befo