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精选高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破6推理判断写作意图题优选习题
六、推理判断——写作意图题
（2018·镇江一模）
Mostofusarealreadyawareofthedirecteffectwehaveonourfriendsandfamily.Butwerarelyconsiderthateverythingwethink，feel，do，orsaycanspreadfarbeyondthepeopleweknow.Conversely（相反地），ourfriendsandfamilyserveasconduits（渠道）forustobeinfluencedbyhundredsoreventhousandsofotherpeople.Inakindofsocialchainreaction，wecanbedeeplyaffectedbyeventswedonotwitnessthathappentopeoplewedonotknow.Aspartofasocialnetwork，wegobeyondourselves，forgoodorill，andbecomeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.
Ourconnectednesscarrieswithitfundamentalimplications（影响）forthewayweunderstandthehumancondition.Socialnetworkshavevaluepreciselybecausetheycanhelpustoachievewhatwecouldnotachieveonourown.Yet，social-networkeffectsarenotalwayspositive.Depression，obesity，financialpanic，andviolencealsospread.Socialnetworks，itturnsout，tendtomagnify（放大）whatevertheyareseededwith.
Partlyforthisreason，socialnetworksarecreative.Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividual—itissharedbyallthoseinthenetwork.Inthisway，asocialnetworkislikeacommonlyownedforest：
weallstandtobenefitfromit，butwealsomustworktogethertoensureitremainshealthyandproductive.Whilesocialnetworksarefundamentallyanddistinctivelyhuman，andcanbeseeneverywhere，theyshouldnotbetakenforgranted.
Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers，itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork，evenifyoucannotrecognizeyourownlocation.Anditmayhavealottodowiththeoverallstructureofthenetwork，evenifyoucannotcontrolthatstructureatall.Andinsomecases，theprocessfeedsbacktothenetworkitself.Apersonwithmanyfriendsmaybecomerichandthenattractevenmorefriends.Thisrich-get-richerdynamicmeanssocialnetworkscandramaticallyreinforcetwodifferentkindsofinequalityinoursociety：
situationalinequalityandpositionalinequality.
Lawmakershavenotyetconsideredtheconsequencesofpositionalinequality.Still，understandingthewayweareconnectedisanessentialstepincreatingamorejustsocietyandincarryingoutpublicpoliciesaffectingeverythingfrompublichealthtotheeconomy.Wemightbebetteroffvaccinating（接种疫苗）centrallylocatedindividualsratherthanweakindividuals.Wemightbebetteroffhelpinginterconnectedgroupsofpeopletoavoidcriminalbehaviourratherthanpreventingorpunishingcrimesoneatatime.
Ifwewanttounderstandhowsocietyworks，weneedtofillinthemissinglinksbetweenindividuals.Weneedtounderstandhowinterconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenpeoplegiverisetowhollynewaspectsofhumanexperiencethatarenotpresentintheindividualsthemselves.Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.
1．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?
A．Wecan’tbeeasilyaffectedbystrangers.
B．Weareconnectedandformasocialnetwork.
C．Wehavenegativeeffectsonothersocialmembers.
D．Wewillnotmakeadifferenceinaspecificgroup.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，人与人之间是相互联系相互影响的，从而形成一个社会网络。
2．Whyisasocialnetworklikeacommonlyownedforest?
A．Becauseitremainshealthyandproductive.
B．Becauseittendstomagnifynegativethings.
C．Becauseitiscreativeandsharedbypeopleinthewholesociety.
D．Becausewhatitcreatescanbeenjoyedbyeveryoneinthenetwork.
答案D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，而是整个网络里面的人所共享的。
3．WecanlearnfromParagraph4that.
A．whetherwearericherdependsonthenumberoffriendswemake
B．thewealthwepossesshasnothingtodowithindividualcontinuousefforts
C．sometimesoursuccessmaybelargelyduetoourpositioninsocialnetworks
D．wewon’tsucceedunlesswefullycontroltheoverallstructureofthenetwork
答案C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段第一句可知，我们的成功与我们在社交网络中所处的位置有很大的关系。
4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?
A．Tointroducethecharacteristicsofsocialnetworks.
B．Tourgepeopletounderstandhowoursocietyworks.
C．Toshowthesignificanceofunderstandingsocialnetworks.
D．Toexplainthepossibleconsequencesofignoringsocialnetworks.
答案C
解析 写作意图题。
根据最后一段最后一句“Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.”可知，文章旨在表明社会关系网的重要性。
一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。
设问形式常有：
1．整篇文章的写作意图/目的：
（1）Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.
（2）Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.
（3）Thepurposeofthepassageisto.
（4）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
（5）Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?
（6）Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.
2．某处细节的写作意图/目的：
（1）Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto.
（2）Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.
（3）Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.
（4）Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?
二、解题技巧
1．文体特点推意图
（1）记叙文：
一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。
（2）广告类应用文：
文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
（3）说明文：
写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
（4）议论文：
提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
2．看写作手法找答案
（1）在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。
（2）举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow...
例如：
【感悟体会】中的第4题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论，因此通过最后一段所给信息可知文章旨在表明社会关系的重要性。
A
（2018·湖南第二次联考）
Inmyveryfirstjobwithsome1archaeologists，Iwasn’tdiggingobjectsoutoftheground，insteadIwasemployedasanartist，drawingwhattheyfound.However，Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthemandthat’showmycareerinarchaeologystarted.IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad，theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia，andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.
Inarchaeology，myall-timeheroisanAmericancalledRaphaelPumpelly.IfirstheardabouthimwhenIwasastudentonatriptoTurkmenistan，acountryrightintheheartofAsia.Togetaroundthecountry，IhadtolearnRussiansothatIcouldspeaktothelocalpeople.WhenIgotthereIthought，“Wow!
I’moneofthefirstAmericanshere！
”ThenanoldmantoldmeaboutanAmericanarchaeologist，RaphaelPumpelly，whowastheredoingthesamethingover100yearsago.
Archaeology’sinmyfamily.Mywife’sinthesame2profession，and，althoughourtwoboysaren’tinterestedinthefutureinarchaeologythemselves，we’vebeenonsomegreatdigstogetherandtheylovewhatwedobecausetheygettotravelwithus.Lastsummer，wetookthemtoLakeTiticacainSouthAmerica，inthehighareasoftheAndesmountainrange.MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.There’sverylittlerainandit’ssodrythateverythingiskeptasitwas.Inanoldhouse，wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein，Ipickedupa700-year-oldmatinfrontofthehouseandthere，underit，afterallthattime，wasthehousekeywiththeowner’snamecarvedonit.Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute!
AndIthought，“Hey，Idojustthat.Thisman’snotmuchdifferenttome！
”
语篇解读 作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。
1．WhileworkinginEgypt，whatdidthewriterfindsointeresting?
A．Thatpeoplefromdifferentcenturiescouldbesosimilar.
B．Thefactthatthedoormatwasinsuchgoodcondition.
C．Thewaythepeoplemanagedtoliveinsuchadryplace.
D．Thattherehadbeensomuchtradeinthatarea.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.”和此段最后一句可知，作者看见了地垫下的钥匙，感觉700年前的那个人就在回家的路上，感觉彼此没有什么不同。
故选A。
2．Which3entrywillthewriterprobablymakeinhisdiary?
A．Turkmenistanisinteresting.I’mthefirstAmericantocomeherebutI’mgladthisismylasttripaway.
B．Ihavebeendivingtodayandfoundsomeobjectsforanexhibition.I’vejustfinisheddrawingthemformyrecords.
C．Iwishmychildrenweren’tmoreinterestedinarchaeologyandwouldnotworkhardintheopenliketheirparents.
D．It’snearlydarkbutRaphael’sstillbusydigginginthatoldhouse.Hecanbeveryannoying.Hethinkshe’sthemostimportantpersonhere.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段最后一句可知，作者从事画图工作，还从事水下工作。
B项与画图和水下工作有关，故选B。
3．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?
A．Todescribethelifeofanarchaeologistheadmires.
B．Topersuadepeopletotakeuparchaeologyasacareer.
C．Toexplainwhatheenjoysaboutbeinganarchaeologist.
D．Toshowhowarchaeologistswork.
答案C
解析 写作意图题。
根据第一段中的“Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthem”可知，作者在文中解释了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，故选C。
B
Stainedglass（彩色玻璃）artistscreatedifferentdesignsbymakingcutsontheglassto“score”itandthenbreakingoffthepatternthattheywanttouseinthefinishedproduct.Themostdifficultcutinstainedglassiscalledaninsidecut.Basically，it’sacurved（弯曲的）linewhereyouthrowawaythepartinsideofthecurve.Theproblemwithinsidecutsisthattheedgesofthecurvetendtobreakoffwhenthepiecesofscoredglassarebrokenapart.
Astheartisttalkedaboutinsidecuts，hesaid，“Theglasswillbreakintopiecesifyoutrytocuttoomuchoffatonce.Thebestwaytodoaninsidecutisto7sliceoffsmallercurvespiece-by-piece.Infact，it’snotjustthebestwaytodoit，butit’stheonlywaytodoit.”
Howmanytimesdoyoutrytomakeabigchangeandcuttheentirepieceatonce?
Weconvinceourselvesthatwecandothisallthetime.We’ll4committo5transformingourdietovernightorwegetinspiredtolaunchabusinessinaweekendorwefinallygetmotivatedtoworkoutandpushourselvestotheedgeofburningout.
Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist?
Startingbyslicingashallowcurveandbreakingasmallpieceof
升级会员 