陈冲The Difference on Chinese and WesternDietary Cultures.docx

陈冲The Difference on Chinese and WesternDietary Cultures.docx

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陈冲TheDifferenceonChineseandWesternDietaryCultures

深圳大学成人教育学院

毕业论文

题目：

TheDifferenceonChineseandWesternDietaryCultures

班级：

姓名：

陈冲

学号：

指导教师：

赵越婴

日期：

2012年11月22日

Abstract:

Thispaperaimstounderstandthecomplicatedaspectsoffoodcultureandtoguidethecateringthingsinrestaurantsandsoon.Basically,thedietisessentialforhumansurvivalanddevelopment,oneofthebasiccontentofsociallife.Butlater,inthebasisofimprovingourabilityofrealization,weshouldenhancethestrongpointsandavoidsweakness,improvingdietstructure,advancingthedietqualityandensuringeveryonetohavehealthydietintheirdailylife,andtillnow,itmaycausedifferentdietaryculturesbetweenChinaandWest,justduetothedifferentofgeography,environment,culture,climate,religion.Nowmystudyherewillfocusonafewtopicaboutthissubject:

Cookingcriteria,culturalcharacteristics,foodobjects,eatinghabitsandtablemanners.

KeyWords:

Foodcultures;TheChineseandwest;Difference

TableofContents

PartOneIntroduction....................................................................1

1.1Chinesefoodculture..............................................1

1.2Westernfoodculture.....................................................2

PartTwoThedefinitionofcultureandfoodculture\PartTwo..............................2

2.1Thedefinitionofculture..............................................2

2.2Thedefinitionoffoodculture..............................................2

PartThreeThereasonandfactorcausedthedifferenceoffoodculture................3

3.1differentfoodobject...............................................3

3.2differenteating...............................................4

3.3differenttablemanners..............................................5

3.4Culturalbackground...............................................5

3.5Thedifferenthistoricaldevelopments.........................................6

PartFourConclusions...............................................7

PartOneIntroduction

Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,interculturalcommunicationandcombinationbetweencountrieshavebecomemoreandmorefrequent,sointerculturalcommunicationhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinourlife.Everybodyshouldeatsomethingeveryday,butthefoodcultureofeachcountryisdifferent.“Food,asessentialprerequisiteforexistence,isanysubstancethatprovidesthenutrientsnecessarytomaintainlifeandgrowthwheningested.”Itplaysanirreplaceableroleinthedevelopmentofsocietyandintheprogressofhumanbeings,whetherinancienttimeswhenprimitivemanatetherawfleshofbirdsandbeastsorinmoderntimeswhenhumanshaveenteredtheneweraofinformationandwhetherineastorinthewest.TherearegreatdisparitiesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesintheetiquetteandcontentoffood,sothecomparativestudyofChineseandwesternfoodcultureswillhelpusincreasecross-culturalawarenessthattolerating,understanding,andfurthermore,appreciatingandrespectingculturaldifferencesisessentialifwearetoachievecross-culturalcompetenceduringtheinteraction.Moreover,aswecommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentcultures,wewilllearnmoreaboutthemandtheirswayoflife,includingtheirhistory,valuesandthesubstanceoftheirpersonality,andeventually,wewillunderstandthembetter,orfeelempathywiththem.Basedontheabove-mentionedpurposes,accordinglytothisresearch,tosomeextent,isofgreatsignificanceboththeoreticallyandpractically.Thisthesisconsistsoffiveparts.

1.1Chinesefoodculture

Asbeenwellknown,Chinaisahugecountrywithaverylonghistory.Ofcourse,Chinesefoodisfamousanduniquearoundtheworld.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture?

Ideemthatthisisavaluabletopic.SoIwillfocusonafewtalkaboutthisissue.Chinahas5000yearshistory.Chinesesayinggoes,hungerbreedsdiscontent.SoChinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetofood.Foronething,ChineseandWesternersaredifferentconceptsinthediet.Chinesepeoplearefocusonthetaste.TheypursuealltheColor,flavorandtastebutWesternconceptofrationaldiet.TheypursuenutritionandtheyabsorbCalorieandprotein.Chinesepeoplechoicefoodverycarefully.Theyonlyusefreshmaterialinordertomakedeliciousfood.

1.2Westernfoodculture

WesterncountrylikeEnglishorAmerican,theydonothavefreshfoodbecausetheybuytheirfoodformsupermarketwhichonlysellsmaterialsChinesehavealotofideasandtechniquesforcooking.Forexample,wecutachickeninovertenwaysandpeoplecantasteallthemwithrelish.Westernpeopledonothavemanyskillsforcooking,mostlytheyonlyboil,steamandbakethefood.Foranotherthing,Chinesearewesternersaredifferenthabitsinthediet.Termsofdiet,consumptionofvegetableseverydayinChinamuchmorethanWesterners.Chineselikecoarsegrains,whileWesternerspreferrefinedgrain.Inface,wholegrainscontainmorenutrientsthanrefinedgrains;Chinesepeoplelovetoeatvegetableoil,whileWesternersliketousecookinganimalfatwithhighcholesterol,inadditiontoadailyintakeisalsoalotofbutter.

PartTwoThedefinitionofcultureandfoodculture2.1Thedefinitionofculture

Cultureisasystemofsharedbenefits,values,customs,behaviorsandartifactsthatthemembersofthesocietyusewiththeirworldandwithonanotherandthataretransmittedfromgenerationthroughlearning.Wedefineculturesasthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meaning,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,role,spatialrelations,conceptsofuniverseandartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.

2.2Thedefinitionoffoodculture

Foodcultureobviouslybelongstopopularculturethatisovert,explicitandobjective.Actually,tillnow,nobodyhasevermadeawidelyrecognizeddefinitionbecauseofvariousreasons.However,here,asfarasthisresearchisconcerned,inordertomaketocomparisonmoreconcreteandpractical,theauthorconfinesfoodcontents,foodhabits,foodetiquette,theattitudestowardsfood,thefunctionoffood,etc,thatarcderivedfromeachindividualculture.

PartThree:

Thedifferencesoffoodculture.

3.1Differentfoodobject

TheWesternershavethetraditionsofnomadicandseafaringnations,leadingtheirlivingmainlyonfishingandhuntingandsupplementaryonthecultivationtheyhavemoremeatfoodandalltheyneedintheirdailylifearetakenfromanimalsandeventherefiningmaterialsofmedicinearealsotakenfromanimals.Theypaymoreattentiontotheintakeofanimalproteinandfat,andtheirdietstructuremostlyconsistsofanimaldishes,mainlybeef,chicken,pork,muttonandfish.Therefore,meathasahighproportioninthediet.Inmoderntimes,thecropfarminghasbeenincreasingalot,buttheproportionofmeatinthedietisstillhigherthanthatofChinesepeople.

AccordingtoasurveyofWesternBotanist,therearemorethan600kindsofvegetablesforChinesepeople,sixtimesmorethanintheWest.Infact,inChinesecuisine,thevegetarianisacommonfood.Meatdishbecomesacommondietonlyintheholidaysorinaffluentfamilies,soeversinceancienttimesthereisasayingof“vegetarianfood”whichleadsadominantpositionineverydaydiet.TheChinesemaketheplant-baseddishestobethemaindishes,whichhasmanyramificationswiththeBuddhistsadvocacy.Theyregardanimalsas“beings”whileplantsas“nosoul”,therefore,theyadvocatevegetarianism.InintroducingthecharacteristicsoftheWesterndiet,theWesternersputmoreemphasisonnutritionthantheChinese.Theyhaverelativelywell-developedfoodindustries,suchascannedfood,fastfoodandsoon.Althoughthetasteismonotonous,itcansavetime,anditisrichinnutrition,sogenerallythepeopleintheircountriescangrowstrongerthantheChinesepeople.Theyhavetallheight,longlegs,wideshouldersandmuscularbody,whiletheChinesehavediminutivebody,narrowshoulders,shortlegsandweakconstitutions.AccordingtothefactthattheWesterndietissignificantlydifferentinthecharacteristicsofthefoodobjectsfromtheChinesediet,someonecalledtheChineseplantcharacter,andtheWesternerstheanimalcharacter.

ThedifferencesofthedietcontentbetweentheChineseandtheWesternarealsoreflectedinthatTheWesternersliketoeatcolddishes,fromthecolddishplatter,saladtocolddrinks,thetablestrewnwithcolddish.However,theChinesepeoplelikehotfood,inadditionthatafewsamplesinthefrontofthemaindishesarecold,themaincourseishot.IntheChineseview,thehotfoodgettingcoldwilllosemuchflavor.Inordertogetthedelicioustasteoffoodweshouldeathotfood.

3.2DifferentEating

Inthewayofhavingdinner,inChina,nomatterwhatthebanquetis,peopletendtositaroundtoenjoythefoodplacedinthemiddleofthetablewhicharenotonlythesubjectsforpeopleatthetabletoenjoy,butalsoamediumtosharetheirfeelings