高中英语知识讲解Unit+3+Under+the+sea+4+Section+Ⅳ Grammar含答案.docx

高中英语知识讲解Unit+3+Under+the+sea+4+Section+Ⅳ Grammar含答案.docx

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高中英语知识讲解Unit+3+Under+the+sea+4+Section+ⅣGrammar含答案

SectionⅣ　Grammar

v．－ing形式的被动式的用法

1．（教材P20）IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn’tlikebeingkept（keep）waiting,soeventhoughIdidn’thavetherightclotheson,Iracedafterhim.

2．（教材P20）Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattacked（attack）byapackofaboutsixotherkillers.

3．（教材P20）Beingbadlywounded（wound）,thewhalesoondied.

4．（教材P21）FromJames’sface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandoned（abandon）byus.

5．（教材P21）．..whenweapproachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheld（hold）upinthewaterbyOldTom.

　　　　　　v．－ing形式的被动式的形式

形式

构成

意义

一般式

being＋及物动词的过去分词

与谓语动词表示的动作同时或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生的动作

完成式

havingbeen＋及物动词的过去分词

先于谓语动词表示的动作发生的动作

◆Theproblembeingdiscussedatpresentisofgreatimportancetous.

目前正在讨论的这个问题对我们来说很重要。

◆Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.

我非常感激两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。

（1）系动词、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，其主动形式有时可以表达被动意义。

◆Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.　植物园里的鲜花散发着馨香，吸引着游客去欣赏大自然的美。

（2）need,want,require,beworth等后跟v.－ing形式表达被动意义。

◆AsfarasI’mconcerned,thebookiswellworthreading.

就我个人而言，这本书很值得读。

　　　　　　v．－ing形式的被动式的用法

v．－ing形式的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。

其中，作主语、宾语、表语的v.－ing形式的被动式为动名词的被动式，作定语、补足语和状语的v.－ing形式的被动式为现在分词的被动式。

◆Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork.（作宾语）

她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。

◆IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.（作宾语补足语）

昨天经过她房间时，我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。

◆Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.（作主语）

不让他出去使他非常生气。

◆Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboydisobeyedtheschoolrulesagain.（作状语）

被告知多次了，这个淘气的男孩还是又一次违背了学校规章制度。

◆Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbere－openedtovisitorsnextyear.（作定语）

正在维修的博物馆将从明年重新对游客开放。

v．－ing形式的被动式的复合结构

当v.－ing形式的被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在v.－ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格（整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格）。

◆Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.　很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。

◆Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.　决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。

　　　　　　过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别

过去分词和现在分词都可表示被动：

过去分词在表示被动的同时通常还表示完成，而现在分词的被动式分为完成式和进行式。

需要根据具体情况来判断。

◆Isawhimtakenawaybythepolice.

我看见他被警察带走了。

◆WhenIgotoffthebus,Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.

当我下车的时候，我看到他正被警察带走。

◆Thestonebridgebuiltabout200yearsagowillbepulleddown.

那座约200年前建造的石桥将要被拆除。

◆Theproblembeingdiscussedishowtomakechildrentakepartinsomeactivitiesindependently.

正在讨论的问题是如何使孩子们独立地参与一些活动。

单句语法填空

1．Iappreciatedbeinggiven（give）theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.

2．Ioftencan’thelpbeingattracted（attract）bysomenewswhilelookingthroughthewebsite.

3．Theforeignfriendsyoumentionedarelookingforwardtobeingshown（show）aroundournewlybuiltlanguagelab.

4．Everystudentshouldhavehomeworkexamined（examine）onceaday,whichistherulethateverystudentshallobeyinourclass.

5．Havingbeenexplained（explain）manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandthetheory.

6．Toavoidbeingaffected（affect）,thegirlinsiststhatsheshouldbeseparatedfromherdeskmate,whoisverynaughty.

7．Tasting（taste）goodandsweet,thiskindofapplewassoonsoldoutinthemarket.

8．Written（write）inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.

9．Ourneighborcameclosetobeingkilled（kill）inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.

10．Susan,togetherwithherparents,wasinvited（invite）tothepalacepartylastnight.

11．Injured（injure）,hewassenttohospitalatoncebyhisclassmates.

12．Shirleywastiredofthepartyandslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed（notice）．

13．LittleAlicedidn’ttellthetruthtohermother,becauseshewasafraidofbeingblamed（blame）．

14．I,aswellasyou,couldn’tstandbeingkept（keep）waitingforsolong,becauseIwasalsoverybusyatthattime.

15．Iheardofhisbeingchosen（choose）tobethesalesmanagerofthecompany.

单句改错

1．WhenIpassedbytheclassroom,IheardaChinesesongsung.

在song后加being

2．Thisproblemisveryimportantandneedsstudiedwithgreatcare.

studied→studying

3．Theboywasfrightenedofleftaloneathome,sohefirmlycaughthismother’shand.

在of后加being

4．Havingaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedtheexcitingbasketballmatch.

在asked前加been

5．Tomyknowledge,exposedtothewindandrainforalongtimemustdoharmtothemachine.

在exposed前加being

语法与写作

1．这些天学校正在开展很多艺术活动，大部分同学都积极参与其中。

Therearemanyartactivitiesbeingcarriedoutatschoolthesedays,andmoststudentsareactivelyinvolvedinthem.

2．在那个公园散步的时候，我们看见工人们正在河上建一座桥。

Whilewewerewalkinginthepark,wesawabridgebeingbulitbyworkersovertheriver.

3．每个人都有受教育的权利，所以作为一名家长，你应该让你儿子继续他的学业。

Everyonehastherightofbeingeducated,soasaparentyoushouldletyoursoncontinuehisstudies.

4．没有得到老师的表扬，我感到很不高兴。

Nothavingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,Ifeltveryunhappy.

5．被校体操队录取后，贝蒂非常兴奋。

Afterbeingadmittedintotheschoolgymnasticteam,Bettyfeltveryexcited.

6．工人们无法忍受被这样对待，于是他们计划为改善工作条件而举行罢工。

Theworkerscouldn’tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.Asaconsequence,theyplannedtogoonstrikeforbetterworkingconditions.

单句语法填空

1．Inordertoavoidbeing__seen（see）bytheEnglishteacher,Williamwalkedintotheclassroombythebackdoor.

2．Mybrotherisgoodatplayingfootballandhedreamsofbeing__admitted（admit）tothenationalfootballteamoneday.

3．Being__made（make）funofbyhisclassmatesforhisdisabilitieswhenhewasakidmadeHenryunwillingtospeaktoothers.

4．Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeing__cheated（cheat）．

5．Inrecentyearsthegovernmenthastakenmanymeasurestostoptheenvironmentbeing__polluted（pollute）andtherefore,theairqualityimprovesalot.

6．Having__been__told（tell）manytimesabouttheharmofsmoking,myhusbanddecidedtoquitit.

7．Having__been__praised（praise）forhisperformanceintheEnglishclass,ZhangHuafeltmoreconfident.

8．Inthepast,allmemberswere__allowed（allow）tobringthreeguestspermonthatnocharge.

9．Mydaughtertidiedherdesktonightwithoutbeing__asked（ask）todoitagainandagain.

10．Thehighspeedrailwaybeing__constructed（construct）atpresentwillbecompletedattheendof2021.

11．Robertwasfrightenedofbeing__fired（fire）byhisboss,becausehemadeabigmistake.

12．Seeingmydeskmatebeing__awarded（award）aprizeonthestage,Icouldn’thelpapplaudinghim.

阅读理解

Scientificexperimentshaveshownagainandagainthatoctopuses（章鱼）areprettysmart.Theylearnquickly，cansolvepuzzlesandremembersolutions.

Butthebigquestioniswhy？

Thereareseveralreasonswhyoctopusintelligenceisamysterytomanybiologists.Firstly，biologistsbelievethatintelligentanimalssuchaschimpanzees（黑猩猩）anddolphinsdeveloplargecomplexbrainsbecausetheyliveincomplexsocialgroupsandneedtounderstandeachother.Octopuseslivealone.Secondly，otherintelligentanimalshavelongchildhoodswhentheycanlearnfromtheirparents.Suchanimalsalsogenerallyliveforquitealongtime，sohavingabigbrainisagoodinvestment.Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.Whydoesthisanimalneedsuchalargebrain？

Finally，octopusesarecousinstosnails，oystersandmussels—quiteprimitive（原始的）animals，whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalsdid.Generally，biologistsbelievethatintelligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution（进化）．Withtheirbigbrains，octopusesdon’tseemtofitthistheoryatall.Theyalmostseemtobealiens，astrangemysteryoftheanimalworld.It’seasytounderstandwhyinHawaiianfolklore，peoplethoughtthattheoctopuswasactuallythelastsurvivorofalostuniverse.

Onetheorysuggeststhatoctopusesandhumansperhapshavealotincommon.Likeearlyhumans，octopusesarephysicallymuchweakerthantheirpredators．Theyhavesoft，naked（裸露的）bodiesandtheycan’tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.Thisiswhyoctopusesspendmuchoftheirtimehidingbetweenrocksorinholes，justashumanslearnedtomaketheirhomesincaves.Octopuseshavealsolearnedsomeveryeffectivetechniquesforhuntingforfoodandthismeansthatanoctopusspendsverylittleofitstime（onaveragejustsevenpercent）lookingforfood.Butwhatdotheythinkaboutastheyhideawayintheirholes？

Perhapsthecruelturnsofevolution，whichhaveleftthemwithlarge，playfulbrainsbutlivingaloneinthedarkatthebottomoftheocean...

【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。

文章对章鱼为何如此聪明进行了探讨。

1．Whichofthefollowingaboutoctopuseshasbeenconfirmed?

A．Theyhaveapoormemory.

B．Theypreferlivingingroups.

C．Theyusuallyhaveashortlife.

D．Theylearnalotfromtheirparents.

C　解析：

细节理解题。

由第二段中的Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.可知，章鱼的寿命不长，只能活半年到一年的时间。

2．Whyareoctopuseslikealiens?

A．Theycomefromadifferentuniverse.

B．Theyhaveaverystrangeappearance.

C．Theyarethemostintelligentcreaturesunderthesea.

D．Theydon’tclearlybelonginthepatternofevolution.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

由第二段中的octopusesare...primitive（原始的）animals，whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalsdid...intelligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution（进化）可知，章鱼作为一种比哺乳动物出现早几百万年的原始生物，拥有大的脑容量并如此聪明，这很明显不符合生命演化的过程，因此被看作是外来生物。

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?

A．Cousins.　　　　　　　　B．Enemies.

C．Partners.D．Parents.

B　解析：

词义猜测题。

由最后一段中的Theyhavesoft，naked（裸露的）bodiesandtheycan’tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.可知，章鱼是一种软体动物，体力弱，没有捕杀它们的天敌游得快。

完形填空

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