初中语法形容词副词专题.docx
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初中语法形容词副词专题
形容词副词专题
【知识梳理】
一.形容词主要放在名词前面修饰名词或放在不定代词后面修饰不定代词。
如:
abeautifulcountry,somethingimportant
注意以下几点:
1.有些形容词不能修饰名词。
如:
alive活着的,asleep睡着的,alone单独的,醒着的,害怕的,生病的
2.以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰表示事物的名词,主语通常为物;以-ed结尾的形容词多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人。
例如:
Thisisan(有趣的)book.Weare(感兴趣的)init.
3.作宾语补足语。
如:
makemestrong,keepthedoor(关闭着)
4.某些形容词前加the,表示“一类人”或“民族”,表示复数。
如:
Theold(老人),(穷人)
二.副词的位置
1.多数副词做状语时放在动词之后。
如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。
例如:
ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英语讲得好。
Mr.Smith.史密斯先生努力工作。
2.频率副词做状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。
例如:
Ihaveneverheardhimsing.我从未听过他唱歌。
Heearly.他通常早起。
Sheforschool.她经常上学迟到。
3.成都副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面。
例如:
Hedrives.他开车很小心。
注意:
enough做副词用是,放在形容词副词的后面;做形容词用时,则放在名词的前面。
如:
够新鲜,足够的水
三.易混词辨析
1
alone
副词,指“单独一人”
Thoughhewasontheisland,hedidn’tfeel
lonely
形容词,强调孤单的感觉
2
too
also
aswell
①都表示“也”,用于肯定句
②also用于句中;too,aswell用于句末
Shecandance,andIcandance,too.=shecandance,andIcandance.
Ihaven’treadthebookandmymotherhasn’t,.
Iknowaboutit.It’snotasecret.
either
①表示“也不”,用于否定句
②用于句末
3
hard
①形容词,意为“困难的,硬的”
②副词,意为“努力地,(下雨,下雪等)猛烈”
Itis(难)tounderstandwhathesays.
Icould(几乎)believeit.
Hestudies(努力)everyday.
hardly
副词,意为“几乎不”,属于否定词
4
good
形容词,意为“好”
HisChineseisvery.
HespeaksChinesevery.
Heisnotfeelingtoday.
well
①副词,意为“好”
②形容词,意为“身体好”
5
sometimes
有时
Isometimeshearfromhim.
Let’sgooutsometimenextweek.
Hehaslivedhereforsometime.
sometime
某个时候
sometime
一段时间
6
quite
修饰形容词时,一般放在a/an之前,意为“相当”
Thisisaquiteanicegarden.
Thisisaverynicegarden.
very
修饰形容词时,一般放在a/an之后,意为“非常,很”
对点精练:
()1.Hisgrandparentslive________inasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeel.
A.lonely;aloneB.alonelonelyC.lonely;lonelyD.alone;alone
()2.Itwasa________dayandshefeltvery________.
A.tiring;tiredB.tiring;tiringC.tired;tiringD.tired;tired
()3.What________newsitis!
Nobody________it.
A.asurprising;believesB.surprising;believes
C.asurprised;believeD.surprised;believe
()4.—Whowillteach_______oralEnglishnextterm?
Canitbeanewteacher?
—Perhaps.Butourheadteacherhasn’ttoldus______.
A.your;alreadyB.you;yetC.you;alreadyD.your;yet
()5.—_______isitfromyourhometotheschool?
—Abouttenminutes’walk.
A.HowfarB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howsoon
()6.Hesaidhewouldcometoseeus_______thenextafternoon.
A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes
()7.Thismoviewas_______.Hedidn’tfallasleepallnight.
A.interestingenoughB.enoughinteresting
C.interestedenoughD.enoughinterested
()8.—Themeatis_______delicious.
—Yes,butdon’teat.
A.toomuch;toomuchB.muchtoo;toomuch
C.toomuch;muchtooD.muchtoo;muchtoo
()9.Heworks_______andfeels_______everyday.
A.hard;happyB.hardly;happily
C.hard;happilyD.hardly;unhappily
()10.Aftertheearthquake,weheardoflotsof_______stories,andallofusweredeeply______.
A.moving;movedB.moving;moving
C.moved;movingD.moved;moved
四.重点句型:
1.bedifferentfrom
Hisideas(与…不同)ours.
2.…thesameas…
Mybookis(和…一样)yours.
3.too…todo…
Heis(年纪太小而不能)gotoschool.
4.…enoughtodo…
Heisnot(够年龄)togotoschool.
5.itis+adj+forsb/sth+todo
It_______(对于我们来说有好处)toeatmorefruits.(形容事物,用for)
6.itis+adj+ofsb+todo
It(你真好)tohelpmeout.(形容人,用of)
7.…so+adj/adv+that句子
He(跑得太快)thatnobodycouldcatchupwithhim.
8.…such+名词短语+that句子
Itwasproblem(这么困难的问题)thatIspentthewholenightsolvingit.
五.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成和用法:
1.构成:
1)规则变化
类别
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般情况下加–er或–est
tall
taller
tallest
以e结尾的词,加–r或–st
nice
nicer
nicest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先改“y”为“i”,再加–er或–est
easy
happy
easier
happier
easiest
happiest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母,先双写辅音字母,再加–er或est
big
wet
bigger
wetter
biggest
wettest
多音节词和部分双音节词
原级前加more/less构成比较级,原级前加most/least构成最高级
useful
famous
expensive
more useful
more famous
less expensive
most useful
most famous
least expensive
2)不规则变化:
两多,两好,两坏病,一少,一老,远距离。
口诀
原级
比较级
最高级
口诀
原级
比较级
最高级
两多
many/ much
more
most
一老
old
elder(家庭中表长幼)
eldest
两好
good/ well
better
best
older(岁数大,东西旧)
oldest
两坏病
bad/
badly/ill
worse
worst
远距离
far
farther(距离远)
farthest
一少
little
less
least
further(程度深,深入)
furthest
专练:
写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级
1.fast________________________2.hot_______________________
3.lazy________________________4.young________________________
5.fine________________________6.early______________________
7.good________________________8.ill________________________
9.useful________________________10.fat________________________
11.little________________________12.famous________________________
13.quickly________________________14.many________________________
15.busy________________________16.bad______________________
17.old________________________18.wet________________________
19.few________________________20.far________________________
21.large________________________22.beautiful____________________
23.carefully________________________24.difficult_____________________
2.用法
(1)用原级
a.形容词和副词钱又“very,quite,rather,too,so,as”等词修饰。
如:
Thecarismuchtooexpensive.这辆车太昂贵。
Hespokeverylowly.他讲得很慢。
b.表示程度相等,用“as…as(和…一样)”;表示程度不相等,用“notso(as)…as(和…不一样)”。
例如:
Thisboxisasbigasmine.这个盒子和我的一样大。
Shedoesn’trun(和…一样快)he(does).
(2)用比较级和最高级
a.两个人或两种食物相比较时,用比较级:
Theboysinherclassare(高)thanthoseinyourclass.
注意:
①比较级前可用alot,much,abit,alittle,even,far等修饰
HisEnglishismuch(好)thanmine.
②两者进行比较时,比较对象要相同
TheclimateinBeijingis(比…的天气冷)inGuangdong.
③the+比较级,表示“两者中较…的那个”。
Sheistheolder(年龄最大)ofthetwogirls.
④“形容词比较级+and+同一形容词比较级”,或moreandmore+形容词(多音节词)表示“越来越…”.如:
hotterandhotter越来越热,越来越贵
⑤“the+形容词/副词比较级……,the+形容词/副词比较级……”表示“越……就越……”。
youstudy,youknow.你学习月努力,懂得越多。
b.三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较时,用最高级。
Shanghaiisoneof(最大)citiesinChina.
注意:
①形容词最高级前要加the(有形容词物主代词时不用the);副词最高级前可加可不加the。
例如:
Thisis(我最高兴的)day.
Helistenedtotheteacher_________________________(最留心)。
②形容词前有序数词,用最高级。
TheYellowRiveris________________________(第二长)riverinChina.
③最高级的句型中,通常有一个表示范围的短语。
In表示环境范围,in后的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴;of、among表示对象范围,其后的名词与主语时同一概念范畴。
Heisthetallestinhisclass.
Heisthethinnestof/amongtheboys.
专练:
用括号内所给词的形容词或副词填空。
①Rainydaysmakeme_______.(sad)
②Hisfaceturned__________(pale)whenhesawthereport.
③Listentome____________(careful).Thenyouwillfindit_________(easy)todoitbyyourself.
④Thefishsmells________(bad).Youshouldthrowittothedustbinas_______(quick)aspossible.
⑤Theclothlooks________________(beautiful)andfeels_____________(smooth).
⑥Weshouldkeepourhands__________(open)andeyes___________(close).
⑦Themooncaketastes________(sweet).Butthepricesoundstoo_______________(expensive)
⑧It’sgetting____________(dark).Youcan’twalkhome__________(slow).
真题链接
1.TheChangjiangRiveristhe______riverinChina.
A.longB.longestC.shortD.shortest
2.—Howareyoufeelingtoday?
—Much_______.Icangotoschoolnextweek.
A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well
3.—Steveisgoodatwritingshortstories.
—Soheis.Buthewrites_______thanus.Sohecan’tgetgoodgradesinwriting.
A.mostcarefullyB.morecarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.leastcarefully
4.—Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitanniclastnight?
—No,I________gotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive
A.hardly B.nearly C.still D.Only
5.EighteenkidsdiedintheschoolbusaccidentinGansuProvince.It’s_____onethatIhaveeverheardof.
A.averyseriousB.amoreseriousC.themostseriousD.theleastserious
6.—WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmSoYoungdirectedbyZhaoWei?
—Wonderful.Ithinkit’s_____thantheotherfilmsaboutyouthinrecentyears.
A.thebestB.theworstC.muchbetterD.muchworse
7.Takecarewhenyouaredriving,____inasummerstormlikethis.
A.immediatelyB.especiallyC.probablyD.recently
8.Thefinalexamisveryimportant.Wemusttreatit_______.
A.seriousB.seriouslyC.carelessD.carelessly
9.Bobknowshowtocutthecostoftheproject.I’msurehecandotheworkwith_____moneyand______people.(2015广东)
A.lesslessB.fewermoreC.morefewerD.lessfewer
10.LiLawonthefirstplaceinthefinaltennisgame.Nobodyelseplayed!
(2011年佛山)
A.wellB.betterC.best
11.Sheprefersfootballbecauseshethinkit’samongallsports.(2012年佛山)
A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinteresting
12.Peoplecarealotaboutfoodsafety,fortheywanttoeat.(2013年佛山)
A.healthB.healthyC.healthily
13.Theteacheriswiseenoughtoexplainthemostdifficultquestionsinway.(2014年佛山)
A.simpleB.simplerC.thesimplest
课后作业:
一、单项选择
()1.Theteacheriswiseenoughtoexplainthemostdifficultquestionsin________way.
A.simpleB.simplerC.thesimplestD.thesimpler
()2.Thedininghallis______tohold300people.
A.enoughbigB.enoughsmallC.smallenoughD.bigenough
()3.—Whois______,Tom,JimorDavid?
—IthinkJimis.
A.strongerB.thestrongerC.strongestD.thestrongest
()4.—What’swrongwithyoutoday?
—Iamquiteupset.
—Cheerup!
Themoreyousmile,the_______youwillfeel.
A.happyB.happierC.happilyD.morehappily
()5.Isthiskindofpet________apetdogthesedays?
A.astrendyasB.moretrendierthan
C.muchtrendythanD.notsotrendieras
()6.—Doyoulikethismovie?
—Yes,it’sthe_______oneI’veeverseen.
A.betterB.bestC.goodD.well
()7.MoYanisoneof_____writersintheworld.
A.fam