初中语法连词讲解.docx
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初中语法连词讲解
连词
、并列连词:
(一)连词的概念:
连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。
连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作
用。
它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
(二)并列连词的分类:
表示意思转折的连词
But,yet,however,still,while
表选择的连词
表示并列的连词
or,either•••or,neither•,--rariherwise
And,notonly…butalso,both…and,aswellas
例句:
Slowbutsure.要慢而稳。
She'llbebackeitherthisweekornextweek.她将在这周或下周回来。
Iwentandshewentalso.我去了,她也去了。
(三)并列连词的用法:
1、并列连词and和or:
1and和or是用得最多的并列连词,可以连接:
a.两个并列的动词:
Weweresinginganddancingallevening.整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
b.名词、形容词等:
Thisappleisbigandred.
Wouldyoulikefishorbeef?
c.两个并列的分句(句子)
IsaiditandImeantit.我说话算数。
2and可连接两个分句,表示递进关系。
Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.他会得寸进尺。
3or可连接分句,表示否则”:
Don'tdrivesofastoryou'llhavear别开这么快,不然你会出车祸。
2、表示意思转折的连词:
but,yet:
1but和yet的用法:
Theweatherwillbesunnybutcold.天气会晴朗但很冷。
Itisstrange,yettrue.这很奇怪,却是真的。
2however,still等为副词,但可起连接作用,表示意思的转折---但是”或然而”。
a.however:
Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.
他的第一反应是不行,但后来他改变了主意。
b.still:
It'sraining;stillI'(天在下o雨o.但我还是要去。
3词组allthesame:
Sheisnaughty,allthesamewehavetolaughatherjokes.
她很调皮,但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。
3、表示因果的连词:
1for可以表示因为”,但引导的不是从句,而是并列分句,对前面情况加以解释,常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开,这在书面语中比较多见。
Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.
白天很短,因为现在已经是十二月。
Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.
她肯定一早出去了,因为她没来吃早饭。
2so表示结果,可译为因此”、所以”。
Ourcaseswereheavy,sowetookataxi.
我们的箱子很重,因此我们坐了出租车
3therefore为副词,也表示同样的意思---因此”,可放句前:
Hehadgone;shethereforegavethemoneytome.他走了,于是她把钱给了我。
4、both...and的用法
Amanshouldhavebothcourageandperseveranee.—个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。
【难点】
5、就近原则:
1)neither…nor…
NeitherLucynorLilyisaLeaguemember.
2)notonly…butalso…
Notonlyyoubutalsohelikesfootball.
3)either…or…
EitherJimorPeterisright.
4)not…but…
NotJimbutPeterbrokethecup.
6、aswellas的用法:
Ihavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.
我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。
【基础练习】
(一)根据句意选用and,but,or,so,while,for填空。
1.Thegroundiswet,itrainedlastnight.
2.It'safinedaytoday,everyoneisbusy.
3.Thisisourfirstlesson,Idon'tknowallyournames.
4.Takeanumbrellawithyou,you'llgetwet.
5.DoyouunderstandwhatIsaiddoyouwantmetoexplainitagain?
6.Wehaveclassesinthemorning,wedon'thaveclassesintheafternoon.
7.SheisadoctorIamateacher.
8.Useyourhead,you'llfindaway.
9.Theywenttothezooyesterday,theydidn'tseeanyanimals.
10.Imustgonow,it'sgettingdark.
11.Becareful,youwillfalloffthetree.
12.—Excuseme.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?
—rmsorry,therearen'tanyseatsnow.Wouldyoumindwaitingforawhile?
13.Nevergiveup,you'llmakeit.
14.Shewasverythirsty,shedranksomewaterfromtheriver.
15.Youmustworkhard,you'llfallbehind。
」.选择最佳答案:
()1MyauntaskswhetherIlikeawoolensweateracottonone.
A.butB.orC.andD.not
()2EitherMaryLucytoldhimtocometoseeus.
A.orB.andC.withD.nor
()3Hurryup,we'llbelateforthefilm.
A.andB.butC.soD.or
()4Bequick,we'llbelate.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
()5Werantothetrees,wecouldn'tseeanymoremonkeys.
A.butB.soC.andD.for
()6LiPingWuFangLeaguemembers.
A.Neither;nor;areB.Either;nor;is
C.Both;and;areD.Neither;or;is
()7Youcanstayathomegoouttoplay.
A.either;orB.so;thatC.neither;andD.both;and
()8WeiHuaAnnverybusy.
A.Both;and;isB.So;and;is
C.Either;or;isD.So;that;are
()9MondayTuesdayisOK,Iwillbefreethen.
A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and
()10mybrothersisteraredoctors.
A.Not;butB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or
、从属连词:
1.分类:
从句种类
主要从属连词
时间从句
when,while,as,before,after,until,till,whenever
条件从句
if,uniess
目的从句
inorderthat,sothat
结果从句
so…that,such…that,sothat,so
原因从句
because,as,since
让步从句
although,though,eventhough(if),while
方式从句
asif,asthough
地点从句
where,wherever
比较从句
than,as
[说明]that,whether,if等从属连词可引导名词从句,在句中担任主语、宾语等。
2•引导时间状语从句的连词(重点):
when:
Don'tgetexcitedwhenyoutalk.讲话时别激动。
while:
Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。
as:
Hesmiledashepassed.他经过时笑了笑。
before:
Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.要五年后咱们才能再相见。
after:
I'lltellthemafteryouleave.我将在你走后告诉他们。
until,till:
Iproposewaitingtillthepolicegethere.我建议等警察来了再说。
since:
HowlongisitsinceyoucametoLondon?
你至U伦敦有多久了?
whenever:
Wheneveritispossible,theyplayoutside.一有机会他们就至U外面玩耍。
3•引导条件状语从句的连词(重点):
1)条件状语从句主要由if,unless,supposing(suppose)引导:
if:
Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.
unless:
Iwon'twriteunlesshewritesfirst.我不写信,除非他先给我写。
2)条件状语从句还有其他形式:
(难点)
YouwillalwayshaveahomeaslongasIhaveanything.
只要我有家产,你就永远会有一个家。
Iwillcallyouassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就给你打电话。
4•引导目的状语从句的连词:
(重点)
inorderthat:
Ilenthim500yuaninorderthathecangoforaholiday.
我借给他50英镑,使他能去度假。
sothat:
AskhertohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.
让她快点把信打好,以便我能签字。
5•引导结果状语从句的连词:
1)结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that引导:
so…that:
Hewassofatthathecouldnetthoughthedoor.
他胖得连门都过不去了。
such…that:
Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.
吉姆吵成那样,他姐姐让他安静点。
Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.
6•引导原因状语从句的连词:
because:
Becauseitrainedhetookataxi.由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
as:
Asyou'resorry,I'llforgiv既然你悔悟了,我就原谅你。
Since:
Sineeyouwillgothere,Iwillgotoo.既然你要去,那我也去。
7•让步状语从句的连词:
although/though:
Though/Althoughitisnotlarge,theroomwaslight.房间虽然不大,采光却很好。
evenif:
They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon即使你不cee功,他们也会支持你。
&引导方式状语从句的连词
as:
YououghttodoasItellyou.你应当照我说的做。
like:
Shecan'tdrawlikehersistercar她不能像她姐姐那样画画。
asif/asthough:
Helookedaboutasiflookingforsomething.他四处看了看,仿佛在找什么似的。
9•引导地点状语从句的连词:
(难点)
where:
I'lldriveyouwhereyou'你到o哪儿我都可以开车送你去。
wherever:
WWllgowhereveryousay.你说哪里我们就到哪里。
everywhere:
Everywherehewent,hewasintroducedasthecurrentUSchampion.
不管他到哪里,人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。
nomatterwhere:
Keepyourmobilephonewithyounomatterwhereyouare.
不管在哪里你都要带着手机。
10.弓I导比较状语从句的连词:
than:
YousingbetterthanIdo.你的歌唱的比我好。
as:
That'snotsosimpleasitsounds那事并不像听起来那么简单。
11.引导其他从句的连词:
1)引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether,if可以引导宾语从句:
that:
Shealwayscomplainsthatheisdownonher.她老是抱怨他看不起她。
whether:
Idon'tknowwhetheryoulikeflowers.我不知道你喜不喜欢花。
2)that和whether还可以引导表语从句:
that:
Thefactisthathedoesnllytry.t事a实是他没有真正去努力。
whether:
Thepointiswhetherweoughttorecommendhim.问题是我们是否应当推荐他。
【基础练习】
(1)选择所给的连词填空:
when,because,but,before,if,so….that,as….as,not…until,and,after,or,since
1.Hurryup,please!
you'llbelateforschool.
2.Shegotobedhermothercameback.
3.YesterdayJimdidn'tgotoseethefilm,hemustgooverhislessons.
4.Thestudentsweretalkingaboutthesportsmeetingtheteachercamein.
5.IwastiredIcouldn'twalk,anymore
6.Thisbuildingistallthatone.
7.Tomwasillyesterday,hestillwenttoschoolasusual.
8.HeaskedmeIwouldgotherewithhim.
9.Wehavestudiedhere1994.
10.ThechildhadstudiedEnglishfortwoyearshewenttomiddleschool.
11.theboyfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
12.Studyhardonyoursubjects,you'lldowellintheexam.
(2)选择最佳答案:
()1.LiuMingtoldushisclasswereexcitedbythenews.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.before
()2.Myfatherdidn'tcomebackhefinishedallthework.
A.untilB.whileC.ifD.assoonas
()3.MorepeoplecameIhadexpected.
A.asifB.sothatC.sinceD.than
()4.Hecan'tdecidewhichtochoosethere'snodiffereneebetweenthem.
A.butB.soC.becauseD.and
()5.Lifetodayiseasieritwashundredsofyearsago.
A.than.asC.whatD.when
【中等题】
(1)并列连词
1.Thatwasalongdulltalk.
A.soB.andC.sothatD.or
2.theparentstheirchildrenwantedtomovetothecountry.
A.Both,aswellasB.Neither,nor
C.Either,andD.Both,also
3.Hewon'tliveintown,willhiswife.
A.eitherB.neitherC.alsoD.too
4.Charlietookthejob,hediditverywell.
A.soB.yetC.andD.sothat
5.Mygrandfatherisinhiseighties,heisstillingoodhealth.
A.orB.butC.soD.for
(2)从属连词
1.1askedhimdogitwas.
A.whoseB.whichC.who'sD.where
2.Theygotoconcertsofmodemmusictheyreallylikeit.
A.becauseB.ifC.thoughD.after
3.Findouttheyaregoingthiseveningandaskmayjointhem.
A.
whether,that
B.
where,whether
C.
what,if
D.
where,why
4.
Histalkwas
dull
weallgotbored
A.
as,as
B.
very,that
C.so.as
D.so,that
5.MotheraskedCharlieliehadstayedoutsolate.
A.how
B.whyC.whenD.where