专业英语词汇02.docx

专业英语词汇02.docx

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专业英语词汇02

一般检查generalexamination

一，性别sex男Male女Female

二，年龄age

三，生命体征：

vitalage体温bodytemperature

a,口测法oralmeasurementb,肛测法archosmeasurementc,腋测法axilmeasurement呼吸respirations脉搏pulse血压bloodpressure

四，发育development

体型（Habitus）：

无力型（asthenictype）、超力型（sthenictype）、正力型（orthosthenictype）

五，营养stateofnutrition:

良好well、中等moderatelty。

肥胖（Obesity）、消瘦slake

六，意识consciousness:

嗜睡drowsiness、意识模糊cloudingofconsciousness昏睡hyponody、昏迷coma（浅，中，深度），谵妄acuteconfusionalstate

七，语调tone语态voice

八，面容facialfeatures

急性病容faceofacuteill，慢性病容chronicdiseaseface，贫血面容anemicface，甲亢面容hyperthyreosisfeature，粘液性水肿面容myxedemaface,二尖瓣面容mitralfacies，满月脸面容moonface，肢端肥大症面容acromegalyfacies，伤寒面容typhoidface，病危面容,Hippocratesface

表情expression正常normal，淡漠indifference烦躁不安dysphoria，痛苦suffering忧郁gloom

九，体位position

a,自主体位activepositionb,被动体位passiveposition极度意识衰竭和丧失culminationconsciousnessfailureandloss

c,强迫体位compulsiveposition强迫坐位（端坐呼吸）compulsivesittingposition（orthopnea）

十，姿势posture

十一，步态gaita

a,蹒跚步态waddlinggaitb,醉酒步态drinkenmangaitc,共济失调步态ataxicgaitd,慌张步态festinatinggaite,跨閱步态steppagegaitf,剪刀步态scissorgaitg,间歇性跛行intermittentgait

十二，皮肤skin

1，颜色skincolora,苍白pallor贫血anaemiab,发红redness发热feverc,发绀cyanosis缺氧hypoxiad,黄染stainedyellow肝病liverdiseasee,色素沉着pigmentation肝病liverdiseasef,色素脱失coloringmaterialloss白化症albinismus

2，湿度moisture干燥dry脱水dewat湿润moist休克shock3，弹性elasticity

4，皮疹skineruptiona斑疹maculateb玫瑰疹roseolac丘疹papules;d斑丘疹maculopapulate,e荨麻疹urticaria

5，脱屑scales6赘生物vegetation7，皮下出血subcutaneoushemorrhage

a瘀点petechiab瘀斑ecchymosisc紫癜purpurad血肿hematome

8，蜘蛛痣spiderangioma肝掌liverpalms9，水肿edema10，皮下结节subcutaneousnodules11，瘢痕scar12，毛发hair13，淋巴lymph

体检（胸腹部）[Physicalexamination（chestandbelly）]

1、肋骨和软组织[ribsandsofttissure]

·胸骨上切迹[suprasternalnotch]

·浮肋[freeribs]

·胸壁[chestwall]

·扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸[flat（barrel,rachitic,funnel,pigeon）chest]

·皮下气肿[subcutaneousemphysema]

·捻发音[Crepitus]

·软组织损伤[softtissueinjury]

·肋骨畸形[abnormalityoftheribs（ribdeformity,costalanomaly）]

·肋软骨畸形[costochondraldeformity]

·肋软骨增生[costalcartilagehyperplasia]

·肋下切口[subcostalincision]

·肋间隙宽（窄）[wide（narrow）intercostalspace]

2、乳房[breast]

3、肺[lung]

·呼吸缓慢（急促）[bradypnea（tachypnea）]

·呼吸浅慢（深快）[hypopnea（hyperpnea）]

·呼吸不规则[irregularrespiration]

·点头呼吸[noddingbreathing]

·端坐呼吸[orthopnea]

·三凹征[retractionsignofthreefossae]

·叹息样呼吸[sighingrespiration]

·浅快[shallowandrapid]

·呼（吸）气性呼吸困难[expiratory（inspiratory）dyspnea]

·呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）[burn（collapse）ofrespiratorytract（airway）]

·呼吸道阻塞[respiratorytractobstruction]

·呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）[eupnea（exaggeratedoraccleratedrespiratory）]

·呼吸停止[apnea]

·呼吸费力[respirationislabored]

·语音（触觉）震颤[vocal（tactile）fremitus]

·语颤相等（减弱、增强）[vocalfremitusisequal（diminished,accentuated）]

·间接（直接）叩诊[mediate（immediate）percussion]

·浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音[dullness（flatness,tympany,vesicularresonance,hyperresonance,bell）]

·移动范围[rangeofmovement]

·呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）[absence（diminution,exaggeration）ofbreathsound]

·呼吸音粗（清）[soundofbreath（SOB）isrough（clear）]

·支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音[bronchophony（bronchovesicularsound,vesicularsound）]

·管状呼吸音[tubularbreathsound]

·捻发音[crepitantrales]

·爆裂音[crackles]

·干（湿）罗音[dry（moist）rales]

·细（中等、粗）罗音[fine（medium,coarse）rales]

·呼（吸）气未罗音[end-inspiratory（expiratory）rales]

·胸膜摩擦音[pleuralfrictionrub]

·呼（吸）气延长[prolongedinspiratory（expiratory）]

·高（低）调鼾音[sibilant（sonorous）rhonchi（sonorousrales）]

·哨笛音[sibilantrales]

·哮鸣音[wheezing]

·小（中、大）水泡音[small（middle,big）bubbles]

·支气管语音[bronchophony]

·耳语音[whispered]

·羊鸣音[egophony]

·高（低）音调[high（low）-pitched]

·两肺部（右背部）[overbothlungfields（rightback）]

·两（左）肺底[overtheboth（left）lowerlung]

·整个肺野[thewholelungfield]

·左（右）上（下）肺[theleft（right）upper（lower）lung]

·肺尖（底）[apex（base）oflung]

4、心脏[Heart]

心房atriumcordis心室cardiacventricle室间隔interventricularseptum房间隔atrialseptum主动脉瓣aorticvalve肺动脉瓣pulmonaryvalve二尖瓣atrioventricularvalve,left三尖瓣atrioventricularvalve,right;

·用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpateapicalareawithpalmnumbness（fingertips）]

·心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordialbulge（retraction）]

·搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse（local）pulsation]

·负性搏动[inwardinpulse]

·心尖搏动[apexbeat（apicalimpulse）]

·剑突下搏动[xiphoideusalpulsaton]

·抬举性心尖搏动[heavingapeximpulse]

·心尖搏动最强点[pointofmaximalimpulse（PMI）]

·锁骨中线[mid-calvicularline（MCL）]

·肋间[intercostalspace（ICS）]

·收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic（diastolic）thrill]

·心浊音界[theborderofcardiacdullnes]

·心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged（diminished）absolute（relative）cardiacdullness]

·叩诊心脏大小正常[heartsizeisnormalon（to）percussion]

·心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiacdilation（enlargement）totheleft（right）]

·第1（2、3、4）心音[S1（S2,S3,S4）]

·第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[firstheartsoundisexaggerate（decreased,muffled）]

·生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic（pathological）murmur（splitting）]

·生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic（fixed,paradoxical,reversed）splitting]

·肺动脉瓣第2心音>（=，<）主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>（=，<）A2]

·大炮音[connonsound]

·心音消失[heartsoundisabsent（disapeared）]

·心音增强（减弱）[accentuated（diminished）cardiacsound]

·心音响亮（遥远）[cardiacsoundisloud（distant）]

·收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic（diastolic,continuous）murmur]

·收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-（mid-,post）systolic（diastolic）murmur]

·全收缩期的[holosystolic（pansystolic）]

·全舒张期的[holodiastolic（pandiastolic）]

·低（高）音调[low（high）pitched]

·递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo（crescendo,decrescendo-crescendo）murmur]

·呈喷射型[beejectionintype]

·Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[gradeⅣ（I-Ⅳ/6）systolicejectionmurmur]

·吹风样杂音[murmurofpuffingcharacter]

·低音调隆隆样[low-pitchedrumblingquality]

·柔和（粗糙）的[soft（harshorrough）]

·吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing（ejection,rumbling,rustting,scratching,machinary,whistling,pouring）murmur]

·功能性（器质性）杂音[functional（organic）murmur]

·血管（静脉）杂音[vascular（venous）murmur]

·枪击音[pistolshotsound]

·静脉营营音[venoushum]

·奔马律[galloprhythm]

·胎心律[embryocardia]

·心律齐（不齐）[regular（irregular）rhythm]

·心律不齐[arrhythmia]

·二（三）联律[bigeminy（trigeminy）]

·早搏[premature（extrasystol）]

·喀嗽音[click]

·钟摆律[pendularrhythm]

·二尖瓣开瓣音[mitralopeningsnap]

·心包摩擦音[pericardialfrictionsound]

·听诊[onauscultation]

·二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral（aortic,pulmonary,tricuspid）valvearea]

·心包叩击音[pericardialknock]

·肿瘤扑落音[tumorplop]

5、腹部[abdomen]

·腹膨隆[abdominaldistention（prominence）]

·腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominalflatness（retraction）]

·蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog（bulbous,scaphoid）belly（abdomen）]

·腹围增大[increasedabdominalgirth]

·肠型[intestinalpattern]

·胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric（intestinal）peristalticwave]

·静脉曲张[varicosity（dilatedtortuousvein）]

·疤痕[scar]

·腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding（abdominalmuscularrelaxation）]

·腹壁切口（创伤）[incision（wound）ofabdominalwall]

·腹部分区[abdominalregion]

·左（右）上（下）腹[left（right）upper（lower）quadrant]

·脐膨出[projectionoftheumbilicus]

·腹式呼吸[abdominal（diaphragmatic）breathing]

·腹壁松弛[laxabdominalwall]

·肝肿大[hepatomegaly（enlargementoftheliver）]

·脾肿大[splenomegaly（enlargementofthespleen）]

·右肋下5厘米[5cmbelowtherightcostalmargin]

·肿块（肝）质硬[firmmass（liver）]

·莫菲氏征[murphy`ssigh]

·肌卫现象[muscleguarding（tension）]

·反跳痛[reboundtenderness]

·压痛点[tendernesspoint]

·剑突下压痛[tendernessbeneaththexiphoidprocess]

·麦氏点压痛[McBurney`spointtenderness]

·腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigorofabdominalmuscle（woodenbelly,board-likerigidity）]

·柔韧感[doughkneedingsensation]

·波动感[fluctuation]

·腹股沟疝[inguinofemoralhernia]

·腹壁反射[abdominalreflex]

·腹水征[signofascites]

·膀胱肿大[bladderexpansion]

·膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tendernessofbladderregion（costovertebralangle）]

·肾（肝）区叩击病[percussiontendernessonkidney（liver）region]

·移动性浊音[shiftingdullness]

·鼓音[tympany（tampaniticresonance）]

·肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic（splenic）dullnessarea]

·肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal（hyperactive,diminished,absent）bowelsound]

·气过水声[gurgling]

·振水声[succusion（splashing）sound]

2、常见症状

·[Fever]发热

·[Pain]疼痛

·[Edema]水肿

·[Mucocutaneoushemorrhage（bleeding）]皮肤粘膜出血

·[Dyspnea（Difficulyinbreathing;Respiratorydifficulty;shortofbreath）]呼吸困难

·[Coughandexpectoration（Sputum;Phlegm）]咳嗽和咯痰

·[Hemoptysis]咯血

·[Cyanosis]紫绀

·[Palpitation]心悸

·[Chestdiscomfort]胸闷

·[Nausea（Retch;DryVomiting）andVomiting]恶心和呕吐

·[Hematemesis（Vomitingofblood）]呕血

·[Hematochezia（Hemafecia）]便血

·[Diarrhea]腹泻

·[Constipation（Obstipation）]便秘

·[Vertigo（Giddiness;Dizziness）]眩晕

·[Jaundice（Icterus）]黄疸

·[Convulsion]惊厥

·[Disturbanceofconsciousness]意识障碍

·[Hematuria]血尿

·[Frequentmicturition,urgentmicturitionanddysuria]尿频，尿急和尿痛

·[Incontinenceofurine]尿失禁

·[Retentionofurine]尿潴留

（1）发热的表示方法

·[Infective（Septic）fever]感染性发热

·[Non-infective（Aseptic）fever]非感染性发热

·[Dehydration（Inanition）fever]脱水热

·[Drugfever]药物热

·[Functionalhypothermia]功能性低热

·[Absorptionfever]吸收热

·[Centralfever]中枢性发热

·[Fevertype]热型

▲[Continuousfever]稽留热

▲[Remittentfever]驰张热

▲[Intermittentfever]间歇热

▲[Undulantfever]波状热

▲[Recurrentfever]回归热

▲[Periodicfever]周期热

▲[Irregularfever]不规则热

▲[Ephemeralfever]短暂热

▲[Doublepeakedfever]双峰热

·[Feverofundetermined（unknown）origin,FUO]不明原因发热

·[Rigor（shivering;chill;shakingchill;ague）]寒战

·[ChillySensation（Fellchilly;coldfits;coldness）]畏寒

·[Ultra-hyperpyrexia]超高热

·[Hyperthermia（Ahighfever;hyperpyrexia;ardentfever）]高热

·[Moderatefever]中度发热

·[Hypothermia（Low-gradefever;slightfever;subfebriletemperature）]低热

·[Becomefeverish（Haveatemperature）]发热

·[Crisis]骤降

·[Lysis]渐降

·[Rheumaticfever]风湿热

·[Cancerousfever]癌性发热

·[Fervescenceperiod]升热期

·[Defervescenceperiod]退热期

·[Persistentfebrileperiod]持续发热期

（2）疼痛的表示方法

·[Backache（Backpain）]背痛

·[Lumbago]腰痛

·[Headache]头痛

▲[Vasomotorheadache]血管舒缩性头痛

[Migraineheadache]偏头痛

·[Chestpain]胸痛

·[Precardialpain]心前区痛

·[Retrosternalpain]胸骨后痛

·[Abdominalpain（Stomachache）]腹痛

·[Acrodynia（paininlimbs）]肢体痛

·[Arthrodynia（Arthralgia）]关节痛

·[Dullpain]钝痛

·[S