专业英语词汇02.docx

1、专业英语词汇02一般检查general examination一， 性别sex 男Male 女Female 二， 年龄 age三， 生命体征 ：vital age体温body temperature a,口测法oral measurement b,肛测法archos measurement c,腋测法axil measurement呼吸respirations脉搏pulse血压 blood pressure 四，发育development 体型（Habitus）：无力型（asthenic type）、超力型（sthenic type）、正力型（orthosthenic type）五，营养sta

2、te of nutrition: 良好well、中等moderatelty。肥胖（Obesity）、消瘦slake六，意识consciousness: 嗜睡drowsiness、意识模糊clouding of consciousness 昏睡hyponody、昏迷coma（浅，中，深度），谵妄acute confusional state七，语调tone 语态voice八，面容facial features 急性病容face of acute ill，慢性病容chronic disease face，贫血面容anemic face，甲亢面容hyperthyreosis feature，粘液性水

3、肿面容myxedema face, 二尖瓣面容mitral facies，满月脸面容moon face，肢端肥大症面容acromegaly facies，伤寒面容typhoid face，病危面容,Hippocrates face表情expression 正常normal，淡漠indifference烦躁不安dysphoria，痛苦suffering 忧郁gloom九，体位position a,自主体位active position b,被动体位passive position 极度意识衰竭和丧失culmination consciousness failure and loss c,强迫体位

4、compulsive position 强迫坐位（端坐呼吸）compulsive sitting position (orthopnea)十，姿势posture十一，步态 gaita a,蹒跚步态 waddling gait b,醉酒步态drinken man gait c,共济失调步态 ataxic gait d,慌张步态 festinating gait e,跨閱步态 steppage gait f,剪刀步态 scissor gait g,间歇性跛行 intermittent gait十二，皮肤skin 1， 颜色skin color a,苍白 pallor 贫血anaemia b,发红

5、redness 发热fever c,发绀 cyanosis 缺氧 hypoxia d,黄染 stained yellow 肝病liver disease e,色素沉着 pigmentation 肝病liver disease f,色素脱失 coloring material loss 白化症 albinismus2，湿度moisture 干燥dry 脱水dewat 湿润moist 休克shock 3，弹性elasticity4，皮疹skin eruption a 斑疹 maculate b 玫瑰疹roseola c 丘疹papules ; d 斑丘疹maculopapulate , e 荨麻疹

6、urticaria 5，脱屑scales 6赘生物vegetation 7，皮下出血subcutaneous hemorrhage a 瘀点petechia b瘀斑ecchymosis c 紫癜purpura d血肿hematome 8，蜘蛛痣 spider angioma 肝掌liver palms 9，水肿edema 10，皮下结节subcutaneous nodules 11，瘢痕scar 12，毛发hair 13，淋巴lymph 体检（胸腹部）Physical examination(chest and belly)1、肋骨和软组织ribs and soft tissure胸骨上切迹s

7、uprasternal notch浮肋free ribs胸壁chest wall扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema捻发音Crepitus软组织损伤soft tissue injury肋骨畸形abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)肋软骨畸形costochondral deformity肋软骨增生costal cartilage hyperplasia肋下切口subcostal incision

8、肋间隙宽（窄）wide (narrow) intercostal space2、乳房breast3、肺lung呼吸缓慢（急促）bradypnea (tachypnea)呼吸浅慢（深快）hypopnea (hyperpnea)呼吸不规则irregular respiration点头呼吸nodding breathing端坐呼吸orthopnea三凹征retraction sign of three fossae叹息样呼吸sighing respiration浅快shallow and rapid呼（吸）气性呼吸困难expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）

9、burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)呼吸道阻塞respiratory tract obstruction呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)呼吸停止apnea呼吸费力respiration is labored语音（触觉）震颤vocal (tactile) fremitus语颤相等（减弱、增强）vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)间接（直接）叩诊mediate (immediate) percussion

10、 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)移动范围range of movement 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound呼吸音粗（清）sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)管状呼吸音tubular brea

11、th sound捻发音crepitant rales爆裂音crackles干（湿）罗音dry (moist) rales细（中等、粗）罗音fine (medium, coarse) rales呼（吸）气未罗音end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales胸膜摩擦音pleural friction rub呼（吸）气延长prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)高（低）调鼾音sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)哨笛音sibilant rales哮鸣音wheezing小（中、大）水泡音small(mi

12、ddle, big) bubbles支气管语音bronchophony耳语音whispered羊鸣音egophony高（低）音调high (low)-pitched两肺部（右背部）over both lung fields (right back)两（左）肺底over the both (left) lower lung整个肺野the whole lung field左（右）上（下）肺the left (right) upper (lower) lung肺尖（底）apex (base) of lung4、心脏Heart心房atrium cordis 心室cardiac ventricle 室间

13、隔interventricular septum 房间隔atrial septum 主动脉瓣aortic valve 肺动脉瓣pulmonary valve 二尖瓣atrioventricular valve,left 三尖瓣atrioventricular valve,right;用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动palpate apical area with palm numbness (fingertips)心前区隆起（凹陷）precordial bulge (retraction)搏动弥漫（局限）diffuse (local) pulsation负性搏动inward inpulse心尖搏动a

14、pex beat (apical impulse)剑突下搏动xiphoideusal pulsaton抬举性心尖搏动heaving apex impulse心尖搏动最强点point of maximal impulse (PMI)锁骨中线mid-calvicular line (MCL)肋间intercostal space (ICS)收缩（舒张）期震颤systolic (diastolic) thrill心浊音界the border of cardiac dullnes心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) card

15、iac dullness叩诊心脏大小正常heart size is normal on (to) percussion心脏向左（右）扩大cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)第1（2、3、4）心音S1(S2,S3,S4)第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)生（病）理性杂音（分裂）physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂physiologic (fixed, pa

16、radoxical, reversed) splitting肺动脉瓣第2心音(=，(=，)A2大炮音connon sound心音消失heart sound is absent (disapeared)心音增强（减弱）accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound心音响亮（遥远）cardiac sound is loud (distant)收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur全收缩

17、期的holosystolic(pansystolic)全舒张期的holodiastolic (pandiastolic)低（高）音调low (high) pitched递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur呈喷射型be ejection in type级喷射型收缩期杂音grade (I-/6) systolic ejection murmur吹风样杂音murmur of puffing character低音调隆隆样low-pitched rumbling quality柔和（粗糙）的soft (h

18、arsh or rough)吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur功能性（器质性）杂音functional (organic) murmur血管（静脉）杂音vascular (venous) murmur枪击音pistol shot sound静脉营营音venous hum奔马律gallop rhythm胎心律embryocardia心律齐（不齐）regular (irregula

19、r) rhythm心律不齐arrhythmia二（三）联律bigeminy (trigeminy)早搏premature (extrasystol)喀嗽音click钟摆律pendular rhythm二尖瓣开瓣音mitral opening snap心包摩擦音pericardial friction sound听诊on auscultation二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop5、腹部abdomen腹膨隆abdominal d

20、istention (prominence)腹平坦（凹陷）abdominal flatness (retraction)蛙状（球状、舟状）腹frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)腹围增大increased abdominal girth肠型intestinal pattern胃（小肠）蠕动波gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave静脉曲张varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)疤痕scar腹壁紧张（松驰）guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)腹壁切口（

21、创伤）incision (wound) of abdominal wall腹部分区abdominal region左（右）上（下）腹left (right) upper (lower) quadrant脐膨出projection of the umbilicus腹式呼吸abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing腹壁松弛lax abdominal wall肝肿大hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)脾肿大splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)右肋下5厘米5 cm below the ri

22、ght costal margin肿块（肝）质硬firm mass (liver)莫菲氏征murphys sigh肌卫现象muscle guarding (tension)反跳痛rebound tenderness压痛点tenderness point剑突下压痛tenderness beneath the xiphoid process麦氏点压痛McBurneys point tenderness腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)柔韧感dough kneeding sensati

23、on波动感fluctuation腹股沟疝inguinofemoral hernia腹壁反射abdominal reflex腹水征sign of ascites膀胱肿大bladder expansion膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)肾（肝）区叩击病percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region移动性浊音shifting dullness鼓音tympany(tampanitic resonance)肝（脾）浊音区hepatic (splenic)dullness

24、 area肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound气过水声gurgling振水声succusion (splashing) sound2、常见症状 Fever 发热 Pain 疼痛 Edema 水肿 Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding) 皮肤粘膜出血 Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath) 呼吸困难 Cough and expectoration (Sputum;P

25、hlegm) 咳嗽和咯痰 Hemoptysis 咯血 Cyanosis 紫绀 Palpitation 心悸 Chest discomfort 胸闷 Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting 恶心和呕吐 Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood) 呕血 Hematochezia (Hemafecia) 便血 Diarrhea 腹泻 Constipation (Obstipation) 便秘 Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness) 眩晕 Jaundice (Icterus) 黄疸 Convulsion 惊厥 Distu

26、rbance of consciousness 意识障碍 Hematuria 血尿 Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria 尿频，尿急和尿痛 Incontinence of urine 尿失禁 Retention of urine 尿潴留（1）发热的表示方法 Infective (Septic)fever 感染性发热 Non-infective (Aseptic)fever 非感染性发热 Dehydration (Inanition)fever 脱水热 Drug fever 药物热 Functional hypothermia 功

27、能性低热 Absorption fever 吸收热 Central fever 中枢性发热 Fever type 热型 Continuous fever 稽留热 Remittent fever 驰张热 Intermittent fever 间歇热 Undulant fever 波状热 Recurrent fever 回归热 Periodic fever 周期热 Irregular fever 不规则热 Ephemeral fever 短暂热 Double peaked fever 双峰热 Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO 不明原因发热 Rig

28、or (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague) 寒战 Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness) 畏寒 Ultra-hyperpyrexia 超高热 Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever) 高热 Moderate fever 中度发热 Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature) 低热 Become feverish (Have a temperature

29、) 发热 Crisis 骤降 Lysis 渐降 Rheumatic fever 风湿热 Cancerous fever 癌性发热 Fervescence period 升热期 Defervescence period 退热期 Persistent febrile period 持续发热期（2）疼痛的表示方法 Backache (Back pain) 背痛 Lumbago 腰痛 Headache 头痛 Vasomotor headache 血管舒缩性头痛Migraine headache 偏头痛 Chest pain 胸痛 Precardial pain 心前区痛 Retrosternal pain 胸骨后痛 Abdominal pain (Stomachache) 腹痛 Acrodynia (pain in limbs) 肢体痛 Arthrodynia (Arthralgia) 关节痛 Dull pain 钝痛 S