高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结完整版.docx
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高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结完整版
高考英语二轮专题复习精品学案
―高中英语常用短语及句型归纳
1．高考高频动词短语
（1）act短语：
actas担任……职务，起……作用actfor代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）
actout表演（对话、故事等）actup捣乱，出毛病
例如：
IactedasaninterpreterwhileIwasinXiamen.
MrBlackisactingfortheoldmaninhiscase.（布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。
）
ThechildrenwereactingoutthestoryofthebirthofJesus.
He’satoughkidandheactsupalot.
（2）break短语：
breakaway摆脱，脱离breakawayfrom…脱离……，奋力挣脱……
breakdown出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
breakin打断，插话，闯入，强行进入breakinto…闯入……，破门而入
break（sth）off（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止
breakout（战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发
breakoutintears突然大哭breaktherule违反规定
breakthrough突围，冲跨breakup分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
例如:
Thethiefbrokeawayfromthepolice,butwaslatercaught.
Ifyoukeeponworkinglikethat,you’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.
Thecarbrokedownjustonmywayhere.
Ifanyonetriestobreakin,thealarmwillgooff.
Ifanyonetriestobreakintothebuilding,thealarmwillgooff.
Shebrokeoffabitofbreadanddippeditinthesoup.
Ibrokeofftheconversationandansweredthephone.
Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafirebreaksout?
Itmaytakealongtimetobreakthroughtheproblem.
Inspringtheicebergsbegintobreakup.
（3）bring短语：
bringabout引起，导致，使发生bringalong把……带来，领来
bringback拿回来，使恢复bringsbback送回某人
bringsth/sbbacktolife使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒
（比较：
sth/sbcomebacktolife复苏，苏醒）
bringdown使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下
bringdown/up（theprice）降价／提价[比较：
（theprice）godown/up价格下降/上涨]
bringin引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收
bringon发展，引起，导致，使前进
bringout拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出
bringto使苏醒
bring…touse=put…touse对……加以利用
bring/carrysthto/intoeffect实施……（比较：
sthcome/gointoeffect开始实施）
bringup抚养，培养，哺育
例如：
Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythedestructionoftherainforests.
You’rewelcometobringalongafriend.
Thegovernmenthopesthesemeasureswillhelptobringdowninflation（通货膨胀）.
Americancountrymusicbringsinmorethan$10billioneachyear.
Thisnewkindoftechnologywasbroughtinintheearly1980s.
Stresscanbringon（=leadto/resultin）headachesandotherillnesses.
Jennyopenedthecupboardandbroughtoutacoupleofbottles.
Hewasbroughtupbyhisgrandparents.
（4）call短语：
callat（sp）访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：
callon（sb）拜访（某人），访问（某人）]
callback回电话
callfor提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call/shoutforhelp呼救callin请来，召集，来访，打电话
calloff取消callon/upon号召
callout大声呼喊，叫喊callsb…forshort简称某人……
callsbnames谩骂某人callup给……打电话，使人想起，号召
例如：
WecalledatMike’shouseyesterday.
AllshipssailingontheoceanscallforhelpbyradioinEnglish.
I’llcallformyuncleatBeijingRailwayStation.
Let’scallinadoctorforthelittlegirl.
Manyofthesesongscalledon/upontheworkerstotakeupthestruggle.
Ishallcallonhimtomorrow.
Iheardsomebodycallingouttomefromdownstairs.
Callmeuptomorrow;mynumberis536291.
Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetherfifteenyearsago.
Duetothebadweather,thesportsmeetinghasbeencalledoff.
（5）come短语：
comeabout发生，产生comeacross偶然相遇
comealong来，随同，进展，加油comeat…向……袭击
comeback回来，想起来，复活comedown下来，下落，传下
comedownto…到达，从一处来到另一处
comefor…来拿，来取comefrom…来自，出生于
comein进来，进入comeintobeing形成，产生
comeintouse使用起来comeoff脱落，从……离开
comeon过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
comeon/uponsb/sth偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现
comeout露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
comeoverto…过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方
comeround/around（非正式）来访，串门
cometo…来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒
cometoanend结束，终止cometoknow逐渐地知道
cometolife（变得）活泼，苏醒过来cometolight显露，为人所知
cometooneself苏醒过来，恢复知觉cometo/intopower当权，上台
come/gotoruin=fallintoruin变成废墟cometotermswith…甘心忍受
cometrue变为现实，成为事实
comeup被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来
comeuptosb朝某人走来
comeupwith…提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上
例如：
Anumberofeducationalreformshavecomeaboutasaresultofthereport.
Icameacrossanoldfriendofmineinthestreettheotherday.
YourEnglishiscomingalongreallywell.
Comealong/on!
Don’tgiveupyet!
Comealong/on!
We’reallwaitingforyou!
Suddenly,hecameatmewithaknife.
Now,let’scomebacktowhatIwassayingamomentago.
Itisimpossibleforadeadanimaltocomeback.
SnowwascomingdownsothicklythatIcouldhardlyseethroughthewindow.
Theairplanecamedowninthatfield.
Wheredoesthefilmstarcomefrom,doyouknow?
MrSmithcameininahurry,bookinhand（=withabookinhishand）.
Thelawfirstcameintobeingin1912.
Bythetimehecameto/intopowerin1951,hewasalreadyseventy.
Howlongisitsincetheelectroniccomputercameintouse?
Thebuttoncameoff,buthedidn’tnoticeit.
Thereisnodoubtthatthetruthwillcomeoutoneday.
Thetreesturngreenandflowerscomeout.
Thismagazinecomesoutonceamonth.
Whydon’tyoucomearound/roundforlunch?
Somedayyou’llcometoknowthemistakesyouhavemade.
Iftheydon’tcometoadecisionbymidnight,thetalkswillbeabandoned.
I’veforgottenhername,butmaybeit’llcometomelater.
Thebillcameto£480intotal.
Hisdreamofbecomingafilmstarcametrueatlast.
Achildcameuptomeandshowedmetheway.
Thesameproblemscameupatthemeetingyesterday.
Theycameupwiththesameproblemsatthemeetingyesterday.
Searchingthroughthedrawer,IcameupontheletterI’dbeenlookingfor.
（6）cut短语：
cutaway切除，剪去cutdown砍倒，砍下，削减
cutin插嘴，加塞，插入cutinline插队
cut…intopieces/halves把……切成碎片/切成两半
cutoff切断（线路），中断（供应）cutout删除，剪下来
cutthecostof…降低……的成本cutup切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉
例如：
Hecutawaysomebranches,makingitlookmorebeautiful.
Alotoftreestherewerecutdowninthepast.
Theelectricitywascutoffbecauseofthestorm.
Hewassentencedtodeathandhadhisheadcutoffthenextday.
Couldyoucutthepizzaup,please?
（7）do短语：
doabout处理，应付doanddon’t要与不要
doagooddeed做一件好事doalotofwalking走很多路
doatest做实验，做化验doawordpuzzle猜字谜
doanexperiment/experiments做实验doawaywith废除
dobody-building做健身操dochores处理琐事，干家务
dohousework做家务活domake-up化妆，打扮
doobservations观察doone’sbest尽某人最大努力
doone’shomework做作业doresearchon…从事……研究工作
dosbafavour帮某人一个忙
dosbhonor=dohonortosb礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意
dosbthefavourtodosth帮某人一个忙做某事
dosomereading读书，阅读，看点书
dosomeshopping=goshopping购物，买东西
dosports=have/playsports=takeexercise进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼
dosthinturn/byturns=taketurnstodosth/indoingsth轮流做某事
dotelephoneinterviews进行电话采访
dothelaundry洗衣服
doup打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好
doupone’sshoes/hair系好鞋带/梳好头
doupthebutton扣纽扣
dowell/betterin…在……方面干得好/更好
dowith处理，处置，对付
dowrong做坏事，做错事（比较：
doright=dotherightthing做得对）
例如：
Totellthetruth,Idon’tknowhowtodowithhim.
I’llhavenothingtodowithhimfromnowon.
Whatdidyoudowiththatcamerayoufound?
Thepoisonouswastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.
Eatmorefruit;itwilldogoodtoyou.
IthinkIcandobetterinEnglishthisyearthanlastyear.
Lisztsaid,“You’vedonewrong,butIcanseeyouaretrulysorryaboutit.”
I’mgoingtodomybestthisyear.
Iwasonlytryingtodoagooddeed.
（8）get短语：
getabetterunderstandingofChina更好地了解中国
getafullmark/fullmarks得满分getalotofsatisfaction得到满足
getat意指，本意是getaround=getabout四处走动，活动
getaway移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离getawayfrom逃脱，逃离
getback回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
getcloseto接近getdown下来，降下
getdownonone’sknees跪下getdownto（doing）sth开始（做）某事）
getin进入，收获，达到getinaword插话
getinto…进入……getsbinto…使某人陷入
getit接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得getoff下车，脱下（衣服等）
geton上车，过活geton/alongwith…进展，与……相处
getonone’sfeet（艰难地）站立起来getout离开，出去
getoutof逃避，避免getover克服，恢复，原谅
getup起床，起身getacross理解，度过
getthrough接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
getto到达，抵达gettosleep入睡，设法睡着
get/gain/takepossessionof占有，拥有，占领
getreadyfor为……做准备
（比较：
bereadyfor=bewellpreparedfor=beinpreparationfor为……做好了准备）
getridof除掉，去掉getsbtodo让某人做
gettheideafor…想到……的主意getthemessageacross传播信息
gettogether相聚，碰头，联欢
get/beusedtosth习惯于……，适应于……
（比较：
beusedassth被用作……
beusedforsth被用于……，用来做……
beusedtodosth被用于做……
usedtodosth过去常常做）
get/bedressed穿衣服
get/beengaged（tosb）（与某人）订婚
get/belost丢失了，迷路
get/bemarried（tosb）=marry（sb）（与某人）结婚
get/bestuck陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难
get/betiredof对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣
（比较：
get/betiredfor因……而感到疲倦）
例如：
I’mgettingonwellwithmyclassmatesnow.
HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglish?
Hegotthebookawayfromher.
Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.
Whendidyougetbackfromthecountryside?
Haveyougotbackthebookyoulenthim?
“Getdownonyourknees,”saidtheGenie,“forIamgoingtokillyou.”
Thedusthasgotintomyeyes.
Thismistakemaygethimintodifficulties.
BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme,andwasgivingordersforeveningsuits.
Ifyouknockintosomeone,orgetintohisway,youshouldsay,“Excuseme.”or“I’msorry.”
WhenyouareinLondon,youmightgetintouchwithafriendofmine.
Theconductorgotoffandcheckedtherails.
Shegotonherbicycleandcycledoff.
Youworktoohard!
Youshouldgetoutabitmore.
Ifyoudon’twanttogo,IsupposeIcangetridoftheticket.
WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.
IttookusonlyfourminutestogetthroughtheCustoms（海关）.
Itelephonedhim,butIjustcouldn’tgetthroughtohim.
Shefeltsocoldthatshegotclosetohermother.
It’stimewegotdowntowork.
Thetheatrewasalreadyfull,andwe
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