轮机英语听力与会话5.docx

轮机英语听力与会话5.docx

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轮机英语听力与会话5

轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案第一章口述1．Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，thelargestandmostimportantone.isThemodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS.第二章口述1.Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:

1）thecombustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.2）thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoil/airmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.3）fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.2.First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportancetheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroduceasmuchsafetyknowledgeasIcan.3.sameasquestionNo2.4.Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistofabosswithseveralblades,.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.5.Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequiretwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequiement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginserunning,whieitapproachesthewharf,ithastwo.6.Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:

theconstructionmainlyincludebedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesand14cylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.7.Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.8.Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:

thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunkenorconvex.Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulanceandimporvingtheoil/airmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.9.Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangleortrapezoid.Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,No.1andNo.2aresealingrings,No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.10.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:

atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevaroiusmovingpartsenabletheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.三．AInordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatchkeepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcarryouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymachineryaresuitalbyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialintructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatchkeepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.1LastyearwhenIworkedonabulkcarrier,Ifoundtheexhausttemperatureofthemainengineisrisingquickly.Therewasafireinthescavengeairbox.Theenginewassloweddown.Thefuelwasshutofffromtheaffectedcylinders.Iopenedwide四theinletvalveofthecoolingwater.Thedutymotormanincreasedthecylinderlubrication.Thefirequicklyburntout.Intheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine,thepossiblecausemaybethesafetyprotectionsystemfunctioning,duetolowlubeoilpressure,fueloilbreakdown,blackout,overspeedandsoon.Generally,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:

first,wewillcarefullyexaminethemainengineandfindthecauses.Second,wewilltakemeasurestoremedythetrouble.Third,wewillresetandrestartthemainengine.3Iftheturbochargersurges,thepossiblecausesincludehighbackpressureofexhaustmanifoldandlowflowingquantity,rapidchangeinload,insufficientfueloil,badcombustion,scavengefireandsoon.Intheeventofturbochargersurge,wewillslowdownthemainengine,findthecauses,anddosomeremedies.8Whenwestarttheemergencygenerator,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.First,checkthelubeoilandfueloillevels,aswellasthewaterlevel.Second,theselectingswitchwillchangeoverfrom“automatic”to“manual”.Third,pushthestartingbutton,andcheckthevoltageandfrequency.9Themaintennaceworkofemergencybatteryinclude:

1）checktheelectrolytelevel.2）keeptheemergencybatteryclean.3）measurethevoltageofthebattery.4）measurethespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.5）periodicallychargeanddischargethebatterysoastoprotecttheplateelectrode.Fireisaconstanthazardatsea.Itistheresultofacombinationofthreefactors,namely,inflammablematerial,hotspot,andoxygen.Accordingtothematerialinvolved,firescanbedividedintofourclasses:

.Forexample,burninglightmetalswillbeclassifiedasClassD,burningelectricequipmentclassifiedasClassC,burningoilsisClassB,andburningwood,ClassA.Intheeventofcollision,thebridgewillinformthecaptainandtheengineroomimmediately.Thebridgeshouldtelltheengineroomthestrikingposition,damageextentandsoon.Theengineroomshouldtakemeasuresaccordingly.Incaseofengineroomflooding,theengineroompersonnelshouldreporttothebridge,andtakeactionsaccordingtothemusterlist.Themusterlistisanimportantdocumentonboard.Ittellsthecrewmemberstheirpositionanddutiesinemergencysituations,suchasfire,collision,oilspill,abandoningship,shipgroundingandsoon.Forexample,incaseofflooding,thechiefengineershouldgototheengineroomandbeingeneralcommand.Thesecondengineershouldmaneuverthemainengine.Someothermembersshouldgotostopthefloodingandsoon.Onceacontainershipcollidedwithabulkcarrier.Thecaptainofthecontainershipdecidedtoabandontheshipsinceitwasindangerofsinking.Theengineroompersonnelstoppedtheengine,cutofftheelectricsupply,closedtheventilators,releasedthecompressedairandsteam.Thechiefengineercollectedtheimportantdocumentsandallengineroomstaffevacuatedfromtheengineroom.21117202123Themaintenanceworkofthelifeboatenginemainlyinclude:

1）checkthevariousoillevelsandwaterlevels.2）startthelifeboatengineonceeveryweek,makeitrunforaboutfiveminutes.3）24252728protecttheenginefromfreezingwithanti-freezingfluid.SOPEPstandsforShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan.Itsmaincontentsincludethepersontobecontactedincaseofoilspill,hiscontactingmethodssuchasphonenumberandadress,theproceduretobeadoptedincaseofoilspill,suchasthedisposalmethods,anti-pollutionequipmentandmaterials.Thematerialsusedforoilspillagemainlyincludethefollowing:

1）thematerialusedforcleaningupspilledoil,forexample,theoilabsorbentsuchassawdustandoilfelt.2）Thematerialforpreventingsplitoilfromspreadingout,suchasoilbooms.Oildispersentisseldomusedsinceitmustgettheapprovalfromtheportadministrationandmaycausesecondarypollution.Intheeventofamanfallingoverboard,thepersonwhoseetheaccidentmustshoutforhelp,informthebridge,throwalif