轮机英语听力与会话5.docx

1、轮机英语听力与会话5轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答 案第一章 口述 1 The engine room is the heart of a ship. It is generally located at the stern near the ship bottom. In the engine room, there are a lot of machinery and systems, such as the main engine, the generater engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air

2、 conditioning system. The main engine, also called the main propulsion plant， the largest and most important one . is The modern improvement of control systems results in machinery space remaining unattended for long periods. That is UMS. 第二章 口述 1. The main difference between the diesel engine and t

3、he gasoline engine include: 1) the combustion medium of a diesel engine is diesel oil or fuel oil, while that for a gasoline engine is gas oil. 2) the diesel engine is ignited through compression of hot, high pressure oil/air mixture, but the gasoline engine is ignited by electrical spark plug. 3) f

4、or diesel engine, the air and oil is mixed inside the cylinder, while for gasoline engine, they are mixed outside the cylinder. 2. First, I will tell the cadet the importance the engine room. Second, I should introduce the various machinery and systems in the engine room, such as the main engine, th

5、e generater engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air conditioning system. Third, I will show him how to operate the various equipment and devices safely, and introduce as much safety knowledge as I can. 3. same as question No 2. 4. The power of the diesel engine is transmitted t

6、o the propeller through the transmission system. The items of transmission system include various shafts, such as the thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shafts and tail shaft. These shafts are supported by the thrust block, intermediate bearings and the sterntube bearing. The propeller consist o

7、f a boss with several blades,. The thrust is transmitted along the shafting to the thrust block and finally to ship structure. 5. When the ship is sailing at full speed, it need four engines running . When the ship is sailing at half speed, it require two engines running. While the ship is operating

8、 at about 30 % of full speed, one engine is enough to meet its power requiement. That is, the ship can be operated with single engine, double engines, or four engines according the load condition.Generally, when the ship is sailing at sea speed, it has four enginse running,whie it approaches the wha

9、rf, it has two. 6. The structure of the main engine is as follows: the construction mainly include bedplate, frame, cylinders, pistons, connecting rod, main bearing and crankshaft. The crankshaft rests in main bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. On the top of A frames there is a scave

10、nging air box. The bedplate, frames and 1 4 cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods. A piston consists of a lower part called piston skirt and an upper part called piston crown. 7. The moving parts shown in the illustration mainly include the piston, the connecting rod, and the cranksh

11、aft. These are all critical parts of the engine. According to the specific condition shown in the picture, the piston is under compression force, the connecting rod is under tension stress and compression force, while the crankshaft is under the torsion forces. 8. Pistons can be divided into two mai

12、n classes: the crosshead type pistons and the trunk type pistons. The top surface of the crosshead piston can be flat, sunken or convex. The piston shown in the illustration is the crosshead type piston with a sunken surface. It has the advantage of increasing the air turbulance and imporvingthe oil

13、/air mixing quality. Its disadvantage is that the cylinder volumetric clearance will be larger. 9. The piston rings shown in the illustration has the shape of rectangle or trapezoid. Some of them are rounded on the external top or bottom edges. Among these piston rings, No.1 and No.2 are sealing rin

14、gs, No. 3 and No. 4 are scraper rings, while the No.5 is a distributor ring. Generally, each piston is provided with five or six piston rings. 10. Large marine diesel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication: a totally loss system feeding the cylinders and a circul

15、ating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons. Oil is supplied to the cylinder liner wall and piston rings by means of mechanical lubricators. The lube oil to the varoius moving parts enable the formation of an oil film which reduces friction and wear. 三A In order to ensure the s

16、afe navigation of the ship, frequent communication between the engineers and officers is necessary. The usual means of communication is by telephone and telegraph. If the communication between the engine room and the bridge fails, the ship will be endangered. The records of communication should be m

17、aintained which will provide evidence in the event of an accident at sea. Noon report is also a good means of communication between the engine room and the bridge. At the completion of the watch, each member of watchkeeping should hand over to his relief, ensuring that the relief is competent to tak

18、e over and carry out his duties effectively. Before going off duty, the engineer in charge of the watch shall ensure that all events related to the main and auxiliary machinery are suitalby recorded. He should tell the relieving engineer the standing orders , special intructions and unfinished work,

19、 if any. If he has any reason to believe that the relieving engineer is not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, he shall not hand over the watch and the chief engineer shall be notified. 1 Last year when I worked on a bulk carrier, I found the exhaust temperature of the main

20、 engine is rising quickly. There was a fire in the scavenge air box. The engine was slowed down. The fuel was shut off from the affected cylinders. I opened wide 四 the inlet valve of the cooling water. The duty motorman increased the cylinder lubrication. The fire quickly burnt out. In the event of

21、sudden stoppage of the main engine, the possible cause may be the safety protection system functioning, due to low lube oil pressure, fuel oil breakdown, blackout, overspeed and so on. Generally, we should take the following actions: first, we will carefully examine the main engine and find the caus

22、es. Second, we will take measures to remedy the trouble. Third, we will reset and restart the main engine. 3 If the turbocharger surges, the possible causes include high back pressure of exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity, rapid change in load, insufficient fuel oil, bad combustion, scavenge

23、fire and so on. In the event of turbocharger surge, we will slow down the main engine, find the causes, and do some remedies. 8 When we start the emergency generator, we should take the following steps. First, check the lube oil and fuel oil levels, as well as the water level. Second, the selecting

24、switch will change over from “automatic ” to “manual”. Third, push the starting button, and check the voltage and frequency. 9 The maintennace work of emergency battery include: 1) check the electrolyte level. 2) keep the emergency battery clean. 3) measure the voltage of the battery. 4) measure the

25、 specific gravity of the electrolyte. 5) periodically charge and discharge the battery so as to protect the plate electrode. Fire is a constant hazard at sea. It is the result of a combination of three factors, namely, inflammable material, hot spot, and oxygen. According to the material involved, f

26、ires can be divided into four classes:. For example, burning light metals will be classified as Class D, burning electric equipment classified as Class C, burning oils is Class B, and burning wood, Class A. In the event of collision, the bridge will inform the captain and the engine room immediately

27、. The bridge should tell the engine room the striking position, damage extent and so on. The engine room should take measures accordingly. In case of engine room flooding, the engine room personnel should report to the bridge, and take actions according to the muster list. The muster list is an impo

28、rtant document on board. It tells the crew members their position and duties in emergency situations, such as fire, collision, oil spill, abandoning ship, ship grounding and so on. For example, in case of flooding, the chief engineer should go to the engine room and be in general command.The second

29、engineer should maneuver the main engine. Some other members should go to stop the flooding and so on. Once a container ship collided with a bulk carrier. The captain of the container ship decided to abandon the ship since it was in danger of sinking. The engine room personnel stopped the engine, cu

30、t off the electric supply, closed the ventilators, released the compressed air and steam. The chief engineer collected the important documents and all engine room staff evacuated from the engine room. 2 11 17 20 21 23 The maintenance work of the lifeboat engine mainly include: 1) check the various o

31、il levels and water levels. 2) start the lifeboat engine once every week, make it run for about five minutes. 3) 24 25 27 28 protect the engine from freezing with anti-freezing fluid. SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.Its main contents include the person to be contacted in case

32、 of oil spill, his contacting methods such as phone number and adress, the procedure to be adopted in case of oil spill, such as the disposal methods, anti-pollution equipment and materials. The materials used for oil spillage mainly include the following: 1) the material used for cleaning up spille

33、d oil, for example, the oil absorbent such as saw dust and oil felt.2)The material for preventing split oil from spreading out, such as oil booms. Oil dispersent is seldom used since it must get the approval from the port administration and may cause secondary pollution. In the event of a man falling overboard, the person who see the accident must shout for help, inform the bridge, throw a lif