2020年度浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语.docx

2020年度浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语.docx

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博士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目:

英语满分：

100分考试时间：

180分钟

PartI VocabularyandStructure（15points,0.5pointeach）

Directions:

ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thepatienthasbeen____________ofthesafetyoftheoperation.

A.guaranteed B.assured C.entrusted D.confirmed

2.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which_________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.

A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies

3. Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’ checks,whichprovideasecure____________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.

A.substitute B.selection C.preference D.alternative

4. Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher___________attitudetowardcustomers.

A.impartial B.mild C.hostile D.opposing

5.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th___________thebirthofJesusChrist.

A.inaccordancewith B.intermsof

B.infavorof D.inhonorof

6. Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_________businessmanwasreallyacriminal.

A.respective B.respectable C.respectful D.receptacle

7.Insomepartsoftheworldtheindigenouspopulationhasbeencompletely_______.

A.wipedup B.wipedout C.wipedaway D.wipedoff

8.___________theinventionofthesteamengine,mostformsoftransportwerehorse-drawn.

A.Akinto B.Priorto

C.Inadditionto D.Withreferenceto

9.Becausehisworkplacewassobusyandnoisy,helongedmostofallfor__________.

A. loneliness B. association C.solitude D.irrelevancy

10. BecauseMarkneededtopasstheexam,hemadestudyinga_____________overwatchinghisfavoritetelevisionshow.

A. priority B. conformity C. perplexity D. concept

11. Therecordofthepastisalwaysincomplete,andthehistorianswhowriteaboutit__________reflectthepreoccupationsoftheirowntime.

A.boundto B.inevitably C.indispensably D.justifiably

12.Manisa________animal,andmuchmoresoinhismindthaninhisbody:

hemayliketogoaloneforawalk,buthehatestostandaloneinhis__________.

A.conceited...vanity B.solitary...thoughts

C.gregarious...opinions D.special...uniqueness

13.HesayshewouldwriteanEnglishcoursebookifhecouldfinda（n）________todealwiththelessinterestingparts.

A.accomplice B.collaborator C.spouse D.kin

14.Internationaltravelersmayhavedifficultiesunderstandingtheadjustmentproblemsthat_________them.

A.amaze B. beset C. humiliate D. resurrect

15. ThedistinctivequalitiesofAfricanmusicwerenotappreciatedoreven_________.

A. deplored B.perceived C.revered D.ignored

16. Thespokespersonknewhehadmadea ___________ errorwhenhe prematurelyannouncedthatallofthevictimshadsurvivedtheaccident.

A.glaring B. grievous C.dazed D.furtive

17.His_________forwantingtostayonasmanageristoseeEnglandasthetopteamintheworld.

A.measurement B.motivationC.requirement D.presentation

18.Manyofthevillagersrelyonfishingastheir__________sourceofincome.

A.primary B.radicalC.external D.noticeable

19.Shecouldn’timagineherselfinanyformof___________withheremployer,muchasshelikedhim.

A.prejudice B.FantasyC.intimacy D.conflict

20.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally_________toimprovementsindiet.

A.accounted B.referredC.credited D.attributed

21.Doyoubelievethathehadkilledamanwithhis__________hands?

A.bare B.nakedC.hollow D.sheer

22.It___________measstrangethatthemandidn’tintroducehimselfbeforehespoke.

A.occurred B.dawnedC.impressed D.struck

23.Hedefinitelymeanttoberude—itwasquite_________.

A.spontaneous B.deliberateC.conscious D.expressive

24.Thelawyertoldthejudgethathis__________didnothaveacriminalrecord.

A.client B.customerC.employer D.administrator

25.Attitudeslearnedathome__________ontotheplayground.

A.carryout B.carryonC.carryforward D.carryover

26.I’mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit__________.

A.shrinks B.confinesC.diminishes D.outweighs

27.Afteryou’vesignedthecontract,itwillbeimpossibleto_________.

A.backout B.backupC.breakoff D.breakdown

28.Koreannewspapersonlyhavefourpages,sostorieshavetobeverymuch___________.

A.tothecore B.totheeffectC.tothepoint D.tobeexact

29.She’sboughtanexercisebiketokeep_________.

A.ineffect B.inshapeC.insession D.inhealth

30.Thejudge_________mostofthepoliceevidence,sayingitwasclearlyfabricated.

A.disposed B.declinedC.dismissed D.discarded

PartII ReadingComprehension （40points,2pointseach）

Directions:

Therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD. Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Text A

Whenweuseawordinspeechandwriting,itsmostobviouspurposeistopointtosomethingorrelationorproperty.Thisistheword’s“meaning.”Weseeasmallfour-footedanimalontheroadandcallita“dog,”indicatingthatitisamemberoftheclassoffour-footedanimalswecalldogs.Theword“dog”aswehaveusedittherehasaplain,straight-forward,“objective”meaning.Wehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.

Letussupposealsothatonegrandparentofthedogwasacollie,anotherwasanIrishterrier,anotherafoxterrier,andthefourthabulldog.Wecanexpressthesefactsequallyscientificallyandobjectivelybysayingthatheisadogofmixedbreed.Stillwehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.

Suppose,however,thatwehadcalledthatsameanimala“mongrel.”Thematterismorecomplicated.Wehaveusedawordwhichobjectivelymeansthesameas“dogofmixedbreed,”butwhichalsoarousesinourhearersanemotionalattitudeofdisapprovaltowardthatparticulardog.Aword,therefore,cannotonlyindicateanobject,butcanalsosuggestanemotionalattitudetowardit.Suchsuggestionofanemotionalattitudedoesgobeyondexactandscientificdiscussionbecauseourapprovalsanddisapprovalsareindividual—theybelongtoourselvesandnottotheobjectsweapproveordisapproveof.Ananimalwhichtothemindofitsmasterisafaithfulandnobledogofmixedancestrymaybea“mongrel”tohisneighborwhosechickensarechasedbyit.

Onceweareonthelookoutforthisdifferencebetween“objective”and“emotional”meanings,weshallnoticethatwordswhichcarrymoreorlessstrongsuggestionsofemotionalattitudesareverycommonandareordinarilyusedinthediscussionofsuchcontroversialquestionsasthoseofpolitics,morals,andreligion.Thisisonereasonwhysuchcontroversiescannotyetbesettled.

Thereisawell-knownsayingthattheword“firm”canbedeclinedasfollows:

Iam firm,thouare obstinate,heis pigheaded.Thatisasimpleillustrationofwhatismeant.“Firm,”“obstinate,”and“pigheaded”allhavethesameobjectivemeaning—thatis,followingone’sowncourseofactionand refusingtobeinfluencedbyotherpeople’sopinion.Theyhave,however,differentemotionalmeanings:

“firm”hasanemotionalmeaningofstrongapproval,“obstinate”ofmilddisapproval,“pigheaded”ofstrongdisapproval.

Inmuchthesamewaywhen,duringtheWorldWar,thoughtsweredominatedbyemotions,thenewspaperscontrastedthe spirit ofourheroicboyswith ruthlessness ofthe Huns （[贬义] 德国兵）,andthe heroism ofourtroopswiththeenemy’s savagery.Now,withthemoreobjectiveattitudethathasbeenbroughtbythelapseoftime,wecanlookbackandseethat spirit and ruthlessness areobjectivelythesamething,onlytheonewordhasanemotionalmeaningofapproval,theotherofdisapproval.Wecansee,too,thatasoldiergoingforwardundershellfiretoprobabledeathisdoingthesamethingwhetherheisaGermanoroneofourcountrymen,andthattodistinguishbetweenthembyapplyingtheword savagery totheactionoftheoneand heroism tothatoftheotheristodistortrealitybyusingwordstomakeanemotionaldistinctionbetweentwoactionswhichareobjectivelyidentical.

31. Theauthor’spointinthefirstthreeparagraphsisthat___________.

A.thereisnorealdifferencebetweencallingadogamongrelorcallingitadogofmixedbreed

B.“adogofmixedbreed”isanemotionalterm

C.“mongrel”isanobjectiveterm

D.wordsmaysuggestemotionalattitudesaswellasobjectivemeanings

32.Theauthormaintainsthat_________.

A.indiscussingscientificsubjects,emotionalwordsareoftenusedtomakemeaningsclearer

B.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,objectivetermsaregenerallyusedtohelpclarifymeanings

C.indiscussingscientificsubjects,objectivetermsaregenerallyused,inordertoavoidcontroversy

D.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,emotionaltermsareusedveryoften

33.Theauthorbelievesthatpeoplehavedisagreementsonmanysubjectspartiallybecause_______.

A.peoplehavenotlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachotherwithoutconflictandargument

B. wordsusedindiscussingthosesubjectscarryemotionalovertoneswhichtendtoantagonizepeople

C. wordswithobjectivemeaningsmeandifferentthingstodifferentpersons,andmustbeusedcarefully

D.politics,morals,andreligioncausecontroversiesthatcannotyetbesettled

34.Regardingwar,theauthorbelievesthatinWorldWarI,_________.

A.ourmenshowedspiritandheroism,whiletheGermansdisplayedruthlessnessandsavagery

B. althoughourmenactedheroically,therewereoccasionswhentheywerealmostasruthlessastheGermans

C.therewasnodifferenceatallbetweenthe