中考英语记叙文阅读理解解析.docx

中考英语记叙文阅读理解解析.docx

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中考英语记叙文阅读理解解析

中考英语记叙文阅读理解解析

THREECENTURIESOFHQAXES（骗局；恶作剧）！

ATHINKINGMACHINE

In1769,longbeforecomputerswereinvented,amanfromHungary（匈牙利）builtawonderfulmachinethatcouldplaychessverywell.Itdelighted（使高兴）peoplealloverEuropeandbeatnearlyeveryoneitplayed,includingfamousfigureslikeFrenchleaderNapoleonBonaparte,andscientistandinventorBenjaminFranklin.Fordecades,manypeoplebelievedthatitwastrulyathinkingmachine.Therewerepeoplewhosaiditwasahoax,butcouldnotproveitorexplainhowitworked.About85yearslater,thesecretwasfinallyrevealed.Therewasamanhidinginsidethemachineallthetime……whowasobviouslyverygoodatplayingchess!

ZOOESCAPE（逃脱）

OnNovember9,1874,NewYorknewspaper,TheHerald,ranashockingstoryonitsfrontpage.ItsaidthatalltheanimalsintheCentralParkZoohadescapedandwererunningaroundthecity.Itsaidthepolicewereworkingtosavepeople,but27peoplehadalreadybeenkilled,and200peoplehurt.Itwarnedeveryonetostayathometoavoidthedanger.ManypeopleinNewYorkwereterrified,anddidasthepapersaid.Ifonlytheyhadreadthefinalwordsofthearticle,whichsaid:

“Notonewordofitistrue.Notasingleactdescribedhastakenplace,”Itwasalljustahoax.ThestorywasmadeupbyThomasConnery,aneditoratTheHerald,whowantedtodrawattentiontothepoorconditionofcagesinthezoo.

ROSIETHERUNNER

Thefirstwomantocrossthefinishlineofthe1980BostonMarathon（马拉松）was23-year-oldRosieRuiz.However,assheclimbedthestairstoreceiveherprize,peoplestartedtobecomesuspicious（怀疑的）.Shedidn’tseemtobetiredatall.Furthermore,noneoftheotherrunnersrememberedseeingher,andherpictureneverappearedinphotosorTVbroadcastsoftherace.Later,severalpeoplesaidthattheyhadseenherjointheraceonlyattheend.Itturnedoutshehadrunonlyhalfamile（about805meters）andtakenthetrainfortherestoftherace!

Herprizewastakenaway,ofcourse.

42.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1refersto（指）________.

A.thehoaxB.thenewsC.thethinkingmachineD.thecomputer

43.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

A.Thethinkingmachineusedacomputertowingames.

B.200peoplewerekilledbyzooanimalsin1874.

C.RosieRuizwasn’ttiredatthefinishline.

D.RosieRuizdidn’tappearinTVbroadcastsoftherace.

44.Whatistrueaboutallthehoaxesinthepassage?

A.Theymadepeoplescared.B.Theyfooledalotofpeople.

C.Theymadepeoplesuspicious.D.Theydelightedpeople.

45.Thetitleofthepassageshowsusthatthewriterthinksthathoaxes____________.

A.arenotnewB.areeasilyavoided

C.arealwayscruelD.areusuallyunbelievable

题材：

安全问题

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

讲述的是发生在三个不同世纪中的三个骗局，分别是18世纪有人“发明”了一个下象棋的机器高手，后来证明是有人藏在机器中；19世纪美国纽约的一家报纸报道说，一家动物园里的所有动物都从园里逃了出来，在大街上踩死踩伤很多人，提醒市民注意安全。

最后被告知这是一起恶作剧；第三则是20世纪马拉松国际长跑比赛的“冠军”获得者是弄虚作假得来的荣誉，最后被取消成绩。

42.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据原文第一段中的“amanfromHungarybuiltawonderfulmachinethatcouldplaychessverywell”可知，有个匈牙利人对外吹嘘自己发明了一个下象棋高手的“机器”，这让欧洲各地的人们非常高兴。

故推断画线代词it指的是“会思考的机器”。

故选C。

43.D【解析】推理判断题。

通读原文可知，“会思考的机器”其实是利用藏在机器里面的一个擅长下象棋的人来博取胜利的，而不是电脑；在1874年的“动物大逃亡”的骗局中，被动物踩死的人数是27人，不是200人；RosieRuiz是在登上领奖台接受颁奖时，看起来好像一点都不疲惫，而不是在冲刺终点线的时候；只有选项D说法“RosieRuiz没有出现在比赛电视直播的画面里”在原文提到过。

故选D。

44.B【解析】推理判断题。

通读原文可知，这三个骗局起初都蒙骗了许多人，故选项B说法是真实的。

故选B。

45.A【解析】推断理解题。

文章的标题为“三个世纪骗局”，文章介绍这三个曾欺骗蒙蔽过许多人的跨世纪的骗局，因为作者认为骗局并不是新生事物。

故选A。

（2017·浙江嘉兴舟山）C

Haveyoueverbeeninaconflict（冲突）?

Doyouknowhowtosolveit?

Conflictresolutionisapeacefulwayoftryingtosolveaconflict.Bothsidesintheconflictexplainwhattheythinkhappenedtocauseit.Thepersonwholistenstobothsidesiscalledthemediator（调解人）.

Afterbothsidestellwhattheythinkhappenedtocausetheconflict,theydiscusswaystosolveit.Theytrytocomeupwitha“resolution”thatbothsidesagreeto.Theycannotbeangryduringthecommunication.Everyoneshouldusegoodlisteningandattendingskillswhiletalking.Ifvoicesgettooloudoritappearsthatsomeoneisangry,themediatorwillspeakupandhavethemtreateachotherwithrespect.Afterdifferentsuggestionsaresharedinhowtomediatetheconflict,itistimefor

discussingthebestsolution（解决办法）.

Hereisanexampleofhowconflictresolutionworksstepbystepinaschoolplaygroundsetting:

●Someonesaysastudentpushedhimonthefootballfield.

●Thepersonwhowasaccusedasthe“pusher”saysitwasactuallyanaccident.

●Thepersonwhowaspushedgetsthemediator.

●Themediatortakesthetwopersonstoaquieterplace,awayfromotherstotalk.

●Themediatorcalmsthemdownandletsthemknowheunderstandstheirfeelings.

●Eachpersondescribeswhathappened.

●Themediatorrepeatswhatheheard,soitiscleartoeveryone.

●Themediatorasksforideastosolvetheproblem.

●Thetwopersonsoffertheirownsolutions.

●Thetwopersonshaveadiscussionandcometoanagreement.

●Themediatormakessurethepersonsfollowthesolution.

●Themediatorofferspraiseforsolvingtheproblem.

Conflictresolutioncanbeusedinmanyenvironments.Itencouragespeopletotellwhatreallyhappened,tosharetheirfeelings,andtoworktogetherpeacefullytosolvetheproblem.Itofferspeopleworkablestepstoreachanagreementwiththehelpofamediator.

38.Accordingtothepassage,iftwostudentshavehadafight,theyhadbetter_______.

A.callthepoliceB.getamediator

C.askparentsforideasD.describethefighttoteachers

39.Inconflictresolution,themediator’sjobisto_________.

A.describewhatreallyhappenedtobothsides

B.helpbothsidesreachanagreementinaproperway

C.listentobothsidesandthenpunishthetroublemaker

D.writedownwhatbothsideshaveexplainedinthecommunication

40.Theunderlinedwords“wasaccused”inthispassagemightmean“______”inChinese.

A.被惩罚B.被轻视C.被指责D.被否定

41.Thewritergivestheexampleinthepassageinorderto_______.

A.showhowamediatorworksinafootballmatch

B.helpusknowtheimportanceofamediatorindailylife

C.showhowconflictresolutionisusedindifferentenvironments

D.helpusclearlyunderstandtheworkablestepsinconflictresolution

C题材：

安全问题

【主旨大意】本文主要讲述遇到冲突时，如何解决冲突。

并通过以描述校园冲突为例，具体描述调解人解决冲突的过程，以此强调解决冲突的重要性。

38.B细节推测题。

从第一段提问后的答语可得知冲突调解是一个解决冲突的平和方法，倾听冲突双方的人叫做调解人，所以最好是找调解人。

Conflictresolutionisapeacefulwayoftryingtosolveaconflict.Bothsidesintheconflictexplainwhattheythinkhappenedtocauseit.Thepersonwholistenstobothsidesiscalledthemediator.故选B。

39.B细节推测题。

根据最后一段最后一句可得知。

Itofferspeopleworkablestepstoreachanagreementwiththehelpofamediator.通过调解人的帮助使冲突双方通过可行的解决办法达成一致。

故选B。

40.C词义猜测题。

根据后文asthe“pusher”可得知theperson是推人的一方，所以是被指责的一方。

故选C。

41.D主旨大意题。

从第三段可得知Hereisanexampleofhowconflictresolutionworksstepbystepinaschoolplaygroundsetting.可得知答案为D。

（2017·江苏连云港）A

TheImportanceofFirstAid

Firstaidistheimmediatecaregiventoapersonwhohasbeeninjuredorsuddenlyill,includingself-helpandhomecareifmedicalhelpisnotavailableordelayed.Firstaidknowledgemeanslifeordeathduringanemergencysituationsothatthegreatestpossiblegoodmaybedoneforthegreatestnumberofpeople.

GeneralTreatmenttoBurns

•Movetheinjuredawayfromtheheatsource.

•Checkthebreathingandpulseaswellastheextentanddepthofhums.

•Flushtheburntareawithwatertoreducepain.

•Coverthewoundwithasterilized（消毒的）dressing.

•Forfacialbums,usesheetorsomethingelsetocovertheburntarea.

Heatstroke（中暑）

Toavoidheatstroke,youshouldstoproughactivitiesinhotweather.Ifyouarestilltogooutdoors,youshould:

•wearlightloose-fittingclothing;

•restinacoolplaceasoftenaspossible;

•drinkpurewaterorfruitjuice;

•avoidbeverage（饮料）suchasmilk,tea,wine,beer.

FirstAidTraining

Therearesomeorganizationsgivingfirstaidcoursesrecognizedbythelocalgovernment.Formoreinformation,youcancalltheFireServicesAmbulanceCommandTrainingSchoolon26403708.

31.Ifsomeoneisburnt,youshouldlethimorher________.

A.wearlightloose-fillingclothing

B.moveawayfromtheheatsource

C.restinacoolplaceasoftenaspossible

D.becoveredwithasheetorsomethingelse

32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Firstaidisgivenwhenmedicalhelpisunavailableordelayed.

B.Asterilizeddressingisusedtocoverthewoundtoreducepain.

C.Beverageshouldbeavoidedifsomeoneissufferingheatstroke.

D.Acallon26403708canofferinformationaboutfirstaidtraining.

33.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Tointroducesomefirstaidtrainingcoursesandschools.

B.Toshowtheimportanceoffirstaidwithsomeexamples.

C.Topraiseanorganizationthatisrelatedtofirstaidtraining.

D.Totellthereadershowtoperformsomefirstaidtreatment.

A题材：

安全问题

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了关于急救的一些常识。

谈论了急救的重要性和对急救的一些训练以及中暑和烧伤等情况的处理办法。

31.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中Movetheinjuredawayfromtheheatsource.可知要远离烧伤源。

故选B。

32.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第二段最第三条Flushtheburntareawithwatertoreducepain.可知用水冲洗患处可降低疼痛。

B选项表述不正确。

故选B。

33.D【解析】主旨大意题。

通读全文可知作者旨在告诉人们如何进行一些急救治疗的表演。

故选D。

A（2017·江苏南京）

DearGreg,

Ihavegonenextdoor.

ThesearethethingsIwantyoutodo.

1.Getoutofyourschoolclothes.

2.Cleanupyourroom.

3.Washthedog.

4.Brushthecat.

5.Havesomeafternoontea.

BUTBEFOREyoudoANYofthese...gooutsideintothegarden.

Love

Mum

26.ThenotetoldGreghismotherwas__________.

A.notathomeB.inthegarden

C.washingthedogD.makingafternoontea

27.WhatdidGreghavetodoinhisroo