高三有机化学方程式讲解.docx

高三有机化学方程式讲解.docx

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高三有机化学方程式讲解

第1页共6页

甲烷

↑+−−→−+∆

432CaO3CHCONaNaOHCOONaCH

OH2COO2CH2224+−−→−+点燃

HClClCHClCH324+−→−+光HClClCHClClCH2223+−→−+光

HClCHClClClCH3222+−→−+光HClCClClCHCl423+−→−+光

24H2CCH+−−→−高温

乙烯

OHCHCHOHCHCH222C

17023+↑=−−→−--。

浓硫酸BrCHBrCHBrCHCH22222-→+=

33222CHCHHCHCH-−−→−+=∆

催化剂

ClCHCHHClCHCH2322-→+=

OH2CO2O3CHCH22222+−−→−+=点燃OHCHCHOHCHCH23222--−−→−+=一定条件

催化剂

一定条件

催化剂−−→−=22CHnCHn22]CHCH[

烯烃

−−−→−=一定条件22CHnCHn2]CH[

2222CHCHCHBrBrCHCHCHCH--=→-+=-=

2222CHCHCHCHBrBrCHCHCHCH-=→-+=-=

−−−→−=-=一定条件22CHCHCHnCHn2]CHCHCHCH[-=−−−→−=-=一定条件22CCHnCHn22]CCHCH[-=

33

3

第2页共6页

乙炔

↑≡+→+CHHCOHCaOH2CaC222（

OH2CO4O5CHCH2222+−−→−+≡点燃

CHBrCHCH2=→+≡

CHCH2-→+=

222CHCHHCHCH=−−→−+≡∆

催化剂33222CHCHHCHCH-−−→−+=∆

催化剂

CHClCHlHCCHCH2=−−→−+≡∆

催化剂

苯芳香烃

、

石油和石油产品概述

、1681883416HCHCHC+−→−∆

−→

−+Fe

2BrHBr

+

2

C

60SOH242NOHO。

浓−−−→−-+O

H2+

H

3−−−→

−

-+C80~C703.

.HSOHOO

H2+∆

−−→

−+催化剂2H33−−−→−-+42SOH2NOHO3浓O

H32+2

2

O2

3→

-+HSOHO33O

H32+HO3HSO33

第3页共6页

84104188HCHCHC+−→−∆

634104HCCHHC+−→−∆6242104HCHCHC+−→−∆

卤代烃

HBrOHCHCHOHBrCHCH23NaOH223+−−→−+∆

NaBrOHCHCHNaOHBrCHCH23OH232+−−→−+∆

OHNaBrCHCHNaOHBrCHCH22223++↑=−→−+∆

醇

ClCHCHHCHClCH2322−−−→−+=一定条件

−−−→−=一定条件CHClnCH2[]n

2CHCl

乙醇

↑+→+25252HONaHC2OHHC2Na2

CuO2OCu22−→−+∆

CHOCHCuOHHCCuO352+→+

OH2CHOCH2OOHHC223Cu252+−→−+∆

（278、279结合

OHBrCHCHHBrOHCHCH22323+→+

OHCHCHOHCHCH222C

170SOH2342+↑=−−−→−。

浓OHCHCHOCHCHOHCHCH223223C

140SOH2342+----−−−→−。

浓OH3CO2O3OHC22262+−−→−+点燃

乙烯水化制乙醇:

OHCHCHOHCHCH23P

T222、一定催化剂

−−

→−+=卤代烃水解制乙醇:

NaBrOHCHCHNaOHBrCHCH23OH232

+−−→

−+∆

苯酚

2Br

第4页共6页

醛

OHCHCHHCHOCH23Ni23∆

−→−+

34233NONHAgOHOHNHAgNO+↓→⋅+

OH2OHNH（AgOHNH2AgOH22323+→⋅+↓

O

HNH3Ag2COONHCHOHNH（Ag2CHOCH2343233++↓+−−→−+热水浴、

424NaSOOH（CuNaOH2CuSO+↓→+

COOHCHOH2OCuOH（CuCHOCH232223++↓−→−+∆OHCHHHCHO3Ni2∆

−→−+

OH2NH7Ag4HCONHOHNH（Ag4HCHO233423++↓+−−→−+热水浴

+

-2NOHO3O

2

+

-HSOHO33

O

2

→

NaOHO

H2

→

+OHCO223

NaHCO

→

32

CO3

NaHCO

2

→

Na

↑

2H

−−−+催化剂2Cl

高温、加压

催化剂−

−→

−O2银氨溶液制备

第5页共6页

链状式:

乙炔水化法制乙醛:

CHOCHOHCHCH32−−→−+≡催化剂

乙烯氧化法制乙醛:

CHOCH2OCHCH2

3P

T222、一定催化剂

−−

→−+=2—丙醇氧化制丙酮:

乙酸

OHHCOOCCHHCHOCOOHCH2523SOH5234

2+−−−→←-+∆

浓

OHCOOCHCHCHHOCOOHCH233SOH3342+−−−→←-+∆

浓

COOHCH2OCHOCH2323−−→−+催化剂

丁烷氧化法制乙酸:

OH2COOHCH4O5CHCHCHCH223PT23223+−−

→−+、一定催化剂

酯

OHHOSOCHCHOHCHCHHSOHO2323SOH2334

2+−−−→←+-∆

浓

OHONOCHCHOHCHCHNOHO2223SOH23242+−−−→←+-∆

浓

523SOH2523HCHOCOOHCHOHHCOOCCH42-+−−−→←+∆

浓

沸水浴

浓盐酸−−−O

2

OHCHH236O

nH2+沸水浴

浓盐酸−−→−+nHCHOOHHnC56O

H2CHCCH2OCHCHCH2233233+--−−→−+--∆

催化剂∆

−−−→

←+4

2SOH3COOHCH2浓OH

OH

22--2

32

3COOCHCOOCH--O

H22+∆

−−−→←+4

2SO

H3COOHCH3浓O

H32+OH

CHOHOH

22---2

332

3COOCHCOOCHCOOCH---∆

−−−→←+4

2SO

H3317COOHHC3浓O

H32+OH

CHOHOH

22---2

331733172

3317COOHCCOOHCCOOHC---∆

−−−→←+4

2SOH3517COOHHC3浓O

H32+OH

CHOHOH

22---2

351735172

3517COOHCCOOHCCOOHC---n

有机化学方程式第6页共6页CHCHCH2-OHC15H31COO-CH浓H2SOD42¾-OH+3C15H31COOH¬¾¾®2C15H31COO-CHC15H31COO-CH2+3H2O-OH油脂C17H33COO-CHC17H33COO-CHC17H33COO-CHC17H35COO-CHC17H35COO-CHC17H35COO-CHC17H35COO-CHC17H35COO-CHC17H35COO-CH222C17H35COO-CH2+3H2¾¾¾®C17H35COO-CH一定T、P2催化剂C17H35COO-CH22CH2-OH-OH+3H2O¬¾¾4®3C17H35COOH+CH¾D浓H2SOCHCH22-OH2-OH-OH+3NaOH®3C17H35COONa+CHCH2-OH糖类C6H12O6（s+6O2（gC12H22O11+H催化剂蔗糖6CO2（g+6H2O（lC6H12O6+C6H12O6葡萄糖催化剂果糖C12H22O11+H2O麦芽糖2C6H12O6葡萄糖（C6H10O5n+nH2O淀粉催化剂nC6H12O6葡萄糖（C6H10O5n+nH2O纤维素催化剂△nC6H12O6葡萄糖第6页共6页