全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题 课程代码00596.docx
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全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题课程代码00596
全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读
(二)试题
课程代码:
00596
全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外),请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I.ReadingComprehension(50points,2pointsforeach)
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Towardtwelveo’clock,whenwewerecrossingahighland,weheardthecryofayounganimal,whichweallrecognizedtobeababyape.Wecrawledthroughthebushassilentlyaspossible,stillhearingthebaby-likecry.Thenafrightenedlittleapecameintooursight.IcouldnottellmysurprisewhenIsawthatthebabyape’sfacewaspurewhite-verywhiteindeed-pallid.Thelittleonewasaboutafootinheight.Oneofthementhrewclothoveritsheadandwesecureditwitharope.
IcalledhimTommy,towhichnamehesoonbegantoanswer.Hehadagreataffectionforme,andusedconstantlytofollowmeabout.WhenIsatdown,hewasnotcontenttillhehadclimbeduponmeandhidhisheadinmybreast.Hewasextremelyfondofbeingpettedandfondledandwouldsitforhourswhileanyonestrokedhisheadorback.
Hesoonbegantobeagreatthief.Whenthepeoplelefttheirhutshewouldstealinandmakeoffwiththeirplantainsorfish.Hewatchedverycarefullytillallhadleftthehouse,anditwasdifficulttocatchhimintheact.
Frommehestoleconstantly.Hesoonfoundoutthatmyhutwasbetterfurnishedwithripebananasandotherfruitthananyother;andalsohediscoveredthatthebesttimetostealfrommewaswhenIwasasleepinthemorning.Atthattimeheusedtocrawlinonhistiptoes,moveslylytowardmybed,lookatmyclosedeyes,and,ifhesawnomovement,withanairofgreatreliefgoupandpluckseveralplantains.IfIstirredintheleasthewasofflikeaflash,andwouldpresentlyreenterforanotherinspection.Ifmyeyeswereopenwhenhecameinonsuchapredatorytrip,heatoncecameuptomewithanhonestface,andclimbedonandcaressedme.ButIcouldeasilydetectanoccasionalwishfulglancetowardthebunchofplantains.
Hekepttherunofmealtimes,andwaspresentatasmanymealsaspossible;thatis,hewouldgofrommybreakfasttohalfadozenothers,andbegsomethingateach.Hewasveryfondofboiledmeat-particularlyboiledfish-andwasconstantlypickingbones.Hewantedalwaystotastemycoffee,andwouldbegofme,inthemostseriousmanner,forsome.
Tommyhadagreatdealofintelligence;andifIhadhadleisureIthinkImighthavetrainedhimtosomekindofgoodbehavior,thoughIdespairedofhisthievingdisposition.Helivedsolong,andwasgrowingsoaccustomedtocivilizedlife,thatIbegantohavegreathopesofbeingabletocarryhimtoAmerica.But,onemorningherefusedhisfood,seemeddowncast,andwasveryanxioustobepettedandheldinthearms.Igotallkindsofforestberriesforhim,butherefusedall.Hedidnotseemtosuffer,butatenothing;andthenextday,withoutastruggle,died.Iwasverysorry,forhehadgrowntobequiteapetcompanionforme.
Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.
1.Howdidtheauthorfindthelittleape?
A.Hesawitinremotedistance.B.Itjumpedrightinfrontofhim.
C.Hehearditsfrightenedcry.D.Hewastoldthatitwasthere.
2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofTommy?
A.Helikedtoclimbupontheauthorandscreaminhisbreast.
B.Helikedtobepettedandfondledbytheauthor.
C.Helikedtochasetheauthoraboutwhenhewasveryexcited.
D.Helikedtoplayballswiththeauthorinfrontofthehouse.
3.WhenwouldTommystealfoodfromtheauthor?
A.Hewoulddoitwhentheauthorlaystillwithhiseyesclosed.
B.Hewoulddoitonlywhenthefoodlookedinviting.
C.Hewoulddoitwhenhewasnotallowedtogetthefood.
D.Hewoulddoitonlywhenhewashungry.
4.WhatkindoffooddidTommylike?
A.Milkandjuice.B.Ripebananas.
C.Breadandbutter.D.Boiledfish.
5.Tommy__________whenhewasdying.
A.wasrestlessandexcited
B.hadagoodappetiteforwildberries
C.wasanxioustobecaredfor
D.atefewberriesandplantains
PassageTwo
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”;andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectivereward,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.
Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.
Papbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.
Pap’slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.
Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo.
6.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich__________.
A.aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure
B.willmeettheirphysicalneeds
C.willbringthemafeelingofsuccess
D.aregoodfortheirpsychologicaldevelopment
7.Papnoticedinhisstudiesthatababy__________.
A.wouldcontinuethesimplemovementsevenwithoutmilk
B.wouldbegintomakelearnedresponsesevenwithoutmilk
C.wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink
D.wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink
8.InPap’sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto__________.
A.bepraisedB.pleasetheresearcher
C.berewardedwithmilkD.havethelightsturnedon
9.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause__________.
A.thesightofthelightswasamusing
B.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights
C.theydidn’tneedtoturnbacktowatchthelights
D.thelightswentonandoffquickly
10.AccordingtoPap,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof__________.
A.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld
B.thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds
C.theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblems
D.afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills
PassageThree
Whentryingtounderstandwhysomepeoplehavetroublelivingwithintheirmeans,wetendtoblamefactorssuchashighinterestratesandirresponsiblespending.Nowresearchershavefoundanotherpossiblefactortoaddtothelist:
agenelinkedtocredit-carddebt.
Earlierworkhasshownthatgeneticsplaysaroleinhowwehandlemoney.Butarecentstudywasthefirsttoshowthataparticulargeneaffectsfinancialbehavioroutsidethelab.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andtheLondonSchoolofEconomicslookedatgeneticdataandquestionnairesalreadycollectedfrommorethan2,000youngadultsaged18to26aspartoftheNationalLongitudinalStudyofAdolescentHealth.Inparticular,theylookedatwhethertheseyoungadultssaidtheyhadanycredit-carddebtandwhatversionoftheMAOAgenetheyhad.
MonoamineoxidaseA(MAOA)(甲型单胺氧化酶)isanenzymethatbreaksdownthesignalingchemicalscalledneuro-transmittersinthebrain.Previousstudieshavelinkedthelow-efficiencyversionsoftheMAOAgene-thevariantsthatcauselessMAOAtobeproducedbybraincells-toimpulsiveness.
Inthenewstudy,peoplewithone“low”MAOAgeneandone“high”MAOAgenereportedhavingcredit-carddebt7.8percentmoreoftenthandidpeoplewithtwo“high”versions,theresearchersfound,evenwhentheycontrolledforfactorssuchaseducationandsocioeconomicstatus.Forpeoplewithtwo“low”versionsofthegene,thatnumberjumpedto15.9percent.
Theresearchersweresurprisedbythemagnitudeofthedifference.“Theeffectisalmostasbigasfinancialliteracy,”meaningpeople’sabilitytodigestcomplicatedfinancialinformation,saysJan-EmmanueldeNeve,anauthorofthestudy.
But,deNevecautions,anindividual’sversionoftheMAOAgenedoesnotpredictwhetherheorsheiscarryingdebt.Thegeneaffectscredit-carddebtthewayothergeneshavebeenfoundtoplayaroleinbreastcancer:
aparticularversionofthegeneincreasesrisk,butmanyothergeneticandenvironmentalfactorsareimportant,too.
Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree.
11.Therecentstudyhasfoundthat__________.
A.credit-carddebtismainlyattributedtohighinterestrates
B.recklessspendingisamajorcauseofaperson’sdebt
C.youngadultstendtospendmoremoneythantheyearn
D.whetherwe