最新专升本英语专项练习阅读理解二.docx

最新专升本英语专项练习阅读理解二.docx

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最新专升本英语专项练习阅读理解二

专升本英语专项练习阅读理解

（二）

阅读理解

（2）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.

A

Herearesomeoftheworld’smostimpressivesubways.

TheTokyoMetroandToeiLines

Features:

TheTokyoMetroandToeilinesthatcomposeTokyo’smassivesubwaysystemcarryalmost8millionpeopleeachday,makingitthebusiestsystemintheworld.Thesystemisfamousforitsoshiya---literally,“pusher”---whoshovepassengersintocrowdedsubwaycarssothedoorscanclose.Andyouthinkyourcommuteishell.

TheMoscowMetro

Features:

TheMoscowMetrohassomeofthemostbeautifulstationsintheworld.ThebestofthemwerebuiltduringtheStalinisteraandfeaturechandeliers（枝形吊灯）,marblemoldingsandelaboratemurals（精美的壁画）.Withmorethan7millionridersaday,keepingallthatmarblecleanhasgottobeaburden.

TheHongKongMetro

Features:

TheHongKongMTRhasthedistinctionofbeingoneofthefewsubwaysystemsintheworldthatactuallyturnsaprofit.It’sprivatelyownedandusesrealestatedevelopmentalongitstrackstoincreaseincomeandridership.Italsointroduced“Octopuscards”thatallowpeopletonotonlypaytheirfareselectronically,butbuystuffatconveniencestores,supermarkets,restaurantsandevenparkingmeters.It’sestimatedthat95%ofalladultsinHongKongownanOctopuscard.

ShanghaiMetro

Features:

ShanghaiisthethirdcityinChinatobuildametrosystem,andithasbecomethecountry’slargestinthe12yearssinceitopened.ShanghaiMetrohas142milesoftrackandplanstoaddanother180mileswithinfiveyears.Bythatpoint,itwouldbethreetimeslargerthanChicago“L”.Thesystemcarriesabout2.18millionpeopleaday.

TheLondon

Metro

Features:

LondonerscalltheirsubwaytheUnderground,eventhough55percentofitliesaboveground.Nomatterwhenyou’vegottheoldestmass-transitsystemintheworld,youcancallitanythingyoulike.Trainsstartedin1863andthey’vebeenrunningeversince.Some3millionpeoplerideeachday,everyoneofthemrememberingto“Mindthegap”.

1.Whichonecanprovidetheriderssomewonderfuldecorationsatthestations?

A.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetro

C.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKongMTR

2.________isdonewiththepurposeofmakingmoney.

A.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetro

C.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKongMTR

3.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatShanghaiMetro________.

A.carriesthemostpeopleeachday

B.istheworld’slargest

C.maybelargerthantheChicago“L”inthefuture

D.isthebusiestintheworld

4.Howmanysubwayscarrymorethan5millionpeopleperday?

A.2B.3C.4D.5

B

Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon’tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.

　　Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteriaintheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.

　　In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman’sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

　　Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman’sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.

　　Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled“LindowMan”.Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn’tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn’tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.

5.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefrom?

　A.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German。

6.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____.

　A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects

7.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?

　A.IceandlowtemperatureB.Bacteriaandoxygen

　C.SoilandenergyD.Acidandwater

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.

　B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.

　C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.

　D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.

9.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　A.WhatIsArchaeology?

　B.ArchaeologyandHistory

　C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery

　D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

C

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

    Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.  Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction thatscientistsuseintheirwork. 

    Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?

Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanation,and looksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover, hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

    Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjective（客观的）andusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum（光谱）.

    Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively.

    Furthermore, hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

    Lastly, heisfullofimagination sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore, heneedsimagination ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

    Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts. 

10.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________

A.knowledgeonly.

B.morethanoneaspect.

C.technologyonly.  

D.theuseofmachines.

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUE?

A.Hedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained.

C.Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Helooksfornewwaysofacting.

12.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________.

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers'researchwork.  

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

13.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistuses?

A.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurate

14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

 A.Applicationoftechnology.

 B.Progressinmodemsociety.

C.Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

D

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularfreetimeactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneofthemautomaticallyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（丧失）.Ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtrees.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandstrangenewideasaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.Astudy