英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx

英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx

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英语词汇学课后答案张维友编

《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案

[Chapter1】

12.

Denizens

Aliens

Translationloans

Semanticloans

kettlediewallskirthusband

confrerepropatriaWunderkindmikadoparvenu

chopsticktyphoonblackhumourlongtimenosee

dream

[Chapter2】

TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantIanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostoftheIanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinflueneeonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.

2.

Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily

Roumanian

Lithuanian

Hindi

Persian

Breton

SpanishGreek

ScottishFrench

English

Swedish

Prussian

Irish

Italian

German

Polish

Portuguese

Norweigian

Slavenian

Icelandic

Russian

Danish

Bulgarian

Dutch

6.

Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.

8.eventful[Latin+English]

+Latin]

falsehood[Latin+English]

Greek]

saxophone[German+Greek]heirloom[French+English]

josshouse[Portuguese+English]

[Greek+Latin]

9.

hydroplane[Greek

pacifist[Latin+

television

amateur（late）

finace（late）empire

MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.

（early）

peace（E）

courage（E）

garage（L）

judgement（E）

chair（E）

chaise（L）

grace（E）

servant（E）

routine（L）

jealous（E）

savate（L）

genre（L）

gender（E）

ddout（L）

morale（L）

state（E）

chez（L）

oallet（L）

11.

allegro,f

轻快

andante,j

行板

diminuendo,g

渐弱

largo,d

缓慢

pianoforte,a

轻转慢

alto,i

女低音

crescendo,b

渐强

forte,e

强

piano,h

轻

soprano,c

f■

女高音

snorkel（G）tulip（Turk）wok（Ch）

cherub（Hebrew）coolie（Hindi）lasso（Sp）

shampoo（Indian）tepee（AmInd）kibitz（G）chipmunk（AmInd）cotton（Arab）loot（Hindi）

13.

a.alligator

c.rodeo

e.igloo

g.wigwam

i.hurricane

k.panchos

chocolate（Mex）

jubilee（Gr）

Sabbath（Heb）tamale（Mex）voodoo（Afr）sauerbraten（G）

b.loco

d.bonanza

f.blitzkrieg

h.canoe

j.boomerang

Chapter3】

1.a.morpheme

c.boundmorpheme

e.affix

g.derivationalaffix

i.stem

b.allomorph

d.freemorpheme

f.informationalaffix

h.root

j.base

3.individualistic

individualist+ic[stem,base]individual+ist[stem,base]individu+al[stem,base]in+dividu[root,stem,base]

undesirables

un+desirable[stem,base]desir+able[root,stem,base]

morpheme

freemorpheme=freeroot

广boundrootinfleetionalaffix

「prefix

-boundmorphe

affix

derivationalaffix

1-suffix

【Chapter4】

Affixation

5.

non-smokerdisobeyimmatureunwillingnessillogicalnon-athletic

incapable

insecurity

inability/disabilityillegaldisloyal

impracticalirrelevantunofficiallydisagreementinconvenient

6.

harden

horrify

modernize

memorize

falsify

apologize

deepen

glorify

sterilize

lengthen

intensify

beautify

fatten

sympathize

a.apologized

b.beautify

c.lengthening

d.sympathized

e.fatten

f.falsify

g.memorizing

h.Sterilize

7.

a.employee

b.politician

c.participant

d.waitress

e.conductor

f.teacher

g.pianist

h.examinee/examiner

8.

trans-=across:

transcontinental,trans-worldmono-=one:

monorail,monoculture

super-=over,above:

superstructure,supernaturalauto-=self:

autobiography,automobile

sub-=bad,badly:

malpractice,malnutritionmini-=little,small:

minicrisis,miniwarpre-=before:

prehistorical,preelectionex-=former:

ex-teacher,ex-filmer

Compounding

Conversion

7.a.

stomach[n—

v]

b.

room[n—v]

c.

wolf[n—v]

d.

come/go[v—

n]

e.

familiar[a—n]

f.

innocent[a—n]

g.

flat[a—n]

h.

ah/ouch[int

—v]

4.well-bred/well-behavedneedlework/homeworkbar-woman/sportswomanclear-minded/strong-mindedself-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-relatedwater-proof/fire-proofnews-film/news-lettersister-in-law/father-in-lawhalf-way/half-doneage-conscious/status-conscious

culture-bound/homebound

praiseworthy/respectworthynation-wide/college-widemilitary-style/newstyle

once-fashionable/once-powerfulmock-attack/mock-sadnesshome-baked/home-producedever-lasting/ever-greencampus-based/market-based

heartbeat[S+V]movie-goer[place+V]far-reaching[V+Adv]lion-hearted[adv+a]boyfriend[S+complement]snapdecision[V+O]on-coming[V+adv]light-blue[a+a]

brainwashing[V+O]bakingpowder[V+adv]dog-tired[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]peace-loving[V+O]easychair[a+n]tax-free[adv+a]goings-on[V+adv]

i.warm[a—n]

j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev—n]

k.Hamlet[propern—v]

l.buy[v—n]

m.smooth[a—v]

Blending

motel（motor+hotel）

humint（human+intelligence）

advertisetics（advertisement+statistics）psywarrior（psychologicalwarrior）hoverport（hovercraft+port）chunnel（channel+tunnel）

hi-fi（high+fidelity）

Clipping

copter（helicopter）lab（laboratory）gas（gasoline）scope（telescope）sarge（sergeant）ad（advertisement）

cinemactress（cinema+actress）

dorm（dormitory）

prefab（prefabricatedhouse）prof（professor）

Acronymy

2.kg=kilogramcm=centimeteribid=ibidem

champ（champion）mike（microphone）tec（detective）

ft=footcf=confer

$=dollaretc.=etcetera

VIP=veryimportantperson

OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountriesTOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage

3.a.SALT

b.radar

c.AIDS

d.BASIC

e.Laser

f.WHO

g.sonar

h.G-man

Backformation

2.lase（laser）escalate（escalator）babysit（babysitter）peeve（peevish）orate（orator）commute（commuter）

CommonizationofProperNames

a.tantalize—Tantalus

b.Argus-eyed—Argus

c.narcissism—Narcissus

d.sabotage—sabots

e.martinet—Martinet

f.yahoo—Yahoo

g.Shylock—Shylock

h.hoovering—Hoover

i.utopia—Utopia

j.UncleTommism—UncleTom

6.apes—bcattle—mdoves—cgeese—kwolves—gpigs—lturkeys—d

birds—acricket—nfoxes—jsheep—fmonkeys—ehyenas—hswans—i

【Chapter5】

9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfor

nuclearpowermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith

“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.

b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosion

mighthaveallthenegative

as“suffering,killing,

“atomic”mightbeassociated

attheendofWorldWarII,

associationswith“atomic”,suchdeath,horror",etc.

c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,with“mystery,scienee,knowledge

10.talkative:

implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandat

length（neutral）

articulate:

expressingoneselfeasilyandclearly（positive）

gossip:

indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers

（negative）

rambling:

talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas（negative）

fluent:

speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively（positive）

mouthy:

overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway（nagative）11.

No

Appreciative

Neutral

Pejorative

1「

particular

fastidious/fussy

2

critical

fault-finding/picky

3

style/vogue

fad

4「

artful

cunning/sly

5

unstable

fickle/capricious

6

developing

underdeveloped/backward

7

encourage/promote

instigate

8

group

clique/gang

14.bull[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]

cow[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]

calf[-HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]

rooster[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

hen[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

chicken[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

-HUMAN

bull

cow

calf

+BOVINE

rooster

hen

chicken

+GALLINE

+MALE

-MALE

+ADULT

【Chapter6】

Polysemy

4.

Homonymy

4.1）Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“haveenoughmoneyforone'sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverly

usesthepairofhomonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakes

aproperanswertothelady'squestion.

（1）Butcherscannot

makebothendsmeat（makewholesausageswithallmeat）becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet（Iftheymade

sausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnotearn

enoughmoneytosurvive.）

（2）Don'tcomplain.Allthebutchers

dothesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.

2）Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwe

see,wecannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallow

canalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifone

hasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.

3）armshastwomeanings:

weapons;thehumanupperlimbs.Since“a

cannonballtookoffhislegs”,thesoldierwasnotableto

fighton,sohe“laiddownhisarms”,whichmeans

“surrender”.Itcanalsomeanhelaiddownhisupperlimbs.

Synonymy

3.

avaricious:

greedy

courteously:

politely

emancipate:

setfree

customary:

usual

width:

breadth

adversary:

opponent

gullible:

deceived

remainder:

residue

innocent:

sinless

obstacle:

obstruction

vexation:

annoyance

5.

a.identifiable

b.safety

c.motivates

d.delicate

e.surroundings

f.artificial

g.prestige

h.perspire

i.accomplishmentj.silent

k.impressive

l.evaporate

6.

runmove