职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524121.docx

职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524121.docx

《职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524121.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524121.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524121

职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524-121

1、TheStateofMarriageToday

Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?

Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:

almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes,andextramarital（婚外的）affairswillbeevenmorecommonthannow.

Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy（明暗的）?

Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:

marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbands－astheyusuallydidn'thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell－payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,Sotheydon'tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.

Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimistic（悲观的）asitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowsimplylivetogetheranddon'tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.

Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?

Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn't.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:

theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!

Whyistheoutlookofmarriagenotashopelessasitappears?

____【单选题】

A.Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.

B.Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.

C.Over60%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.

D.Thestatisticsofdivorceisreliable.

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

本题难度也不大，正确答案正好是选项A，所以看到A的信息提示，然后马上回到原文验证，可以找到答案依据是文章第三段第二句后半部分：

…somarriageisstillquitepopular.

2、Culture

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofashapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentoroverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【单选题】

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。

不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。

在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。

3、SharingSilence

DeafteenagersOrlandoChavezandGermanResendizhavebecomefriendssincekindergarten（幼儿园）.Togetherthetwoboys,whogotoEscondidoHighSchoolinCalifornia,havehadthedifficultjoboflearninginschoolswherethemajorityofthestudentscanspeakandhear.

Orlandolosthishearingattheageofone.Germanwasborneddeaf,andhisparentsmovedfromMexicotofindaschoolwherehecouldlearnsignlanguage.HemetOrlandoontheirfirstdayofkindergarten.

"Wewereinaspecialclasswithabout25otherdeafkids,"Germanremembers."Beforethen,Ididn'tknowIwasdeafandIwasdifferent."

"Beingyounganddeafinregularclasseswasveryhard,"signsOrlando."Theotherkidsdidn'tunderstandusandwedidn'tunderstandthem.Butwe'veallgrownuptogether,andtoday,I'mpopularbecauseI'mdeaf.Kidstryhardtocommunicatewithme."

Somethingsareverydifficultforthetwoboys."Wecan'ttalkonthephone.soifweneedhelp,wecan'tcallanemergencyservice,"Germansigns."Andwecan'torderfoodinadrive-thru."

Despitetheirdifficulties,thetwoboyshavefoundworkputtingfoodinbagsatalocalsupermarket.Theygottheirjobsthrougha"workability"programdesignedforteenagersfromlocalschoolswithdifferenttypesoflearningdisabilities.

GermanhasworkedinthesupermarketsinceAugust,andOrlandostartedinNovember.

"Theotherpeoplewhoworkherehavebeenverynicetous,"Orlandosigns."Theyevensignsometimes.Atfirst,wewerenervous,butwe'velearnedalotandwe'regettingbetter.

Theopportunitytoearnmoneyhasbeenexciting,bothboyssaid.Afterhighschool,theyhopetoattendtheNationalTechnicalInstituteforthedeafinNewYork.

OrlandoandGermanhavebeen____.【单选题】

A.toMexicotogether

B.deafsincetheywereborn

C.todifferenthighschools

D.friendssincetheywereveryyoung

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

本题难度不大，本题针对文章开头第一句出题，找到答案依据很容易。

根据题干提示词汇迅速到文章定位。

找到文章开头第一句，这一句谈到，Orlando和German从上幼儿园时就是好朋友，回来看选项，很明显，D项是近义解释，是答案。

4、ACountry'sStandardofLiving

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:

"goodssuchasfoodandclothing",and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhavefertile（肥沃的）soilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse,ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,Forthisandotherreasonsitwasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasions,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,toproducemorewealththanothercountry.

Acountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus（剩余的）manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproducts____wouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry'swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providingthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

【单选题】

A.who

B.which

C.where

D.when

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

本题有一定难度，干扰项干扰较大，本题考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是products，所以正确答案是B。

5、FermiProblem

OnaMondaymorninginJuly,theworld'sfirstatombombexplodedintheNewMexicodesert,Fortysecondslater,theshookwavesreachedthebasecampwheretheItalian-AmericanphysicistEnricoFezmiandhisteamstood.Afteramentalcalculation,Fermiannouncedtohisteamthatthebomb'senergyhadequated10,000tonsofTNT.Thebombteamwasimpressed,butnotsurprised.Fermi'sgeniuswasknownthroughoutthescientificworld.In1938hehadwonaNobelPrize.Fouryearslaterheproducedthefirstnuclearchainreaction,leadingusintothenuclearage.SinceFermi'sdeathin1954,nophysicisthasbeenatonceamasterexperimentalistandaleadingtheoretician.

Likeallvirtuosos（大师）,Fermihadadistinctivestyle.Hepreferredthemostdirectroutetoananswer.Hewasverygoodatdividingdifficultproblemsintosmall,manageablebitstalentweallcanuseinourdailylives.

Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit,Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpert.sorbooks,youcancomeclosetotheexactsolution.

SupposeyouwanttodetermineEarth'scircumferencewithoutlooking