专四模拟试题附参考答案3.docx

专四模拟试题附参考答案3.docx

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专四模拟试题附参考答案3

专四模拟试题附参考答案（3）3

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.

TextA

Atwenty-year-oldimmigrant，LeviStrauss，cametotheUnitedStatesin1850toseekhisfortuneinthegoldfields.Butstrangelyenough，thismanmadehisfortuneonheavycanvasthathefoundsuitableforworkingclothes.Strauss'sjeanswereparticularlygoodforprospectorsandcowboys.Intheearlydaysofjeans，thismancouldn'thaveguessedthathispants，madeonlyforroughwork，wouldbecomesopopularatalllevelsofsociety.Yes，thisisafact：

jeanshavebecomefashionableinoursociety.Furthermore，thesepantshavecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitude.

Inthelastdecadeortwowehaveseenmovementstowardequalityaswellasdefianceofauthority.Jeans，nowwornbyeverybody，canbesaidtosymbolizethesechangesforthebetter.Inthepast，onlymenworejeans，andthesemenwereatthebottom—sociallyandeconomically.Jeanswerewornbytruckdrivers，farmandfactoryworkers.Today，jeansnolongerarelookeddownupon.Theyarewornbybothmenandwomen，bybothskilledandunskilledworkers，bybothemployeesandemployers.Thiscommonwayofdressingsymbolizesrespectforindividuality，nomatterwhatyouroccupationorsex.Inthefightagainstauthority，youngpeoplehavebeentheleaders.Soitisnaturalthatteenagerswoulddefyparentsandschooladministratorsovertherighttowearjeanstoclassandwin.Jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchers，fansatrockconcerts，“hippies”returningtonature，andseriouscollegestudents.

Becauseeveryonecanbecomfortableinthem，thebluejeansinventedfortheuseofworkersarenowacceptedalmostanywhere，anytime.ThisistruenotonlyintheUnitedStates，butinmanyothercountriesintheworld.Istronglyagreewiththefollowingstatement：

“Oldornew，glorifiedorplain，jeansarelikelytobearoundforalongtimetocome.Alreadytheyhavesucceededwherestatesmanshiphasfailed.Althoughunabletospeakthesamelanguage，theinhabitantsofthisembattledplanethaveatleastagreedtowearthesamepants.”

81.Jeans，originallydesignedbyLeviStrauss，　　　　.

A.havebecomeasymbolofthefashionableclass

B.havecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitude

C.aresuitablewearforroughworkonly

D.arenolongersopopularastheyusedtobe

82.Whatisimpliedbutnotdirectlystatedinthepassageisthat　　　　.

A.youngpeoplehavebeentheleadersinthefightagainstauthority

B.today，jeansarenolongerlookeddownupon

C.jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchers

D.formerlystudentswerenotallowedtowearjeanstoclass

83.Theauthorisoftheopinionthat　　　　.

A.jeansarelikelytobeashort-livedfashion

B.jeansarepopularonlyintheUnitedStates

C.jeansarelikelytobepopularforalongtimetocome

D.jeansarenolongerfashionable

84.Thelasttwosentencesimplythat　　　　.

A.statesmenintheworldarelesscompetentthanjeans

B.theinhabitantsoftheworldshouldspeakthesamelanguage

C.statesmenhavefailedtoreachagreementonmanymajorissuesoftheworld

D.jeanswillhelpstatesmentoreachagreementonsomeworldissues

TextB

Studiesofchildren’sacquisitionoflanguagesuggestthatthefacultyoflanguageincludesaninbornknowledgeoftheformalprinciplesoflanguagestructure，aknowledgethatdependsongenericallydeterminedportionsof（usually）thatleftcerebral（大脑的）hemisphere.Althoughitiswellestablishedthatthelefthemisphereisspecializedforlanguage，onecannotsaythatlanguageis“located”inthisorthatpartofthehemisphere.Whatisknownisthatlanguagediscordersaretheresultsoflesions（损伤）inthelefthemisphere.Disordersoflanguageresultingfromdamagetothebrainarecalledaphasias（失语症）.

Theanterior（前面的）portionofthe“languagearea”istermedBroca’sarea.Lesionsinthisareainterferewiththemotor（运动原）andarticulatoryaspectsoflanguage.Speechisslow，labored，grammaticallyincorrect，andtelegraphic；inextremecases，itmaybeimpossibletocarryout.Writingislikewiseseverelyimpaired.Comprehensionofthespokenorwrittenword，however，maybeunimpairedornearlyso.（Itisinterestingtonotethatunderemotionalstress，apatientwithBroca’saphasiamaybetemporarilyfluent.）BecauseBroca’sareaisclosetothemotorcortex（脑皮层），iftheformerisdamaged，thelatterisoftendamagedsimultaneously.Hence，suchpatientsoftensufferformweaknessorparalysisoftherightsideofthebody.Similarlesionsintherighthemispherewillcausealeft－sidedweaknessofparalysisbutwillhavenoeffectonlanguage.

Damagetotheposterior（后面的）portionofthe“languagearea，”especiallytoWernick’sarea，resultsinalossofcomprehensionofthespokenwordandoftenofthewrittenword.Thepatient’snativelanguageisnowlikeaforeignlanguage.Inaddition，thepatient’sspeechisrapidandwell－articulated，butwithoutmeaning.Writingisdefective，andwordsthatareheardcannotberepeated，althoughhearingitselfiscompletelynormal.Similarlesionsintherighthemisphereusuallyhavenoeffectonlanguage.

Injuriestothe“languagearea”inchildrenresultinsevereaphasias，butthedevelopmentoflanguagemechanismintherighthemispherecanoftencompensateforthemtoanextraordinarydegree.Thispotentialfunctionoftherighthemisphereisprobablynormallysuppressedbythelefthemisphere.Inadults，aphasiasfromsimilarlesionsareoftenpermanent.

85.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith　　　　.

A.describingtheprocessoflanguageacquisition

B.explainingpotentialtreatmentoflanguagedefects

C.showingtheimportanceofthelefthemisphereofthebraintolanguagemechanisms

D.depictingvariousmeansofdiagnosinglanguagedefects

86.UnlikeapatientwithWernicke’saphasia，apatientwithBroca’saphasiacan　　　　.

A.comprehendwrittenbutnotspokenlanguage

B.hearandreadwithcomprehension

C.speakarticulatelyandalsocomprehendspokenlanguage

D.writeandspeakreadilyandcoherently

87.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherighthemisphereofthebrainisaccurate？

A.Ithasthepotentialtoserveasa“languagearea”.

B.Itcontrolstheabilitytocomprehendbutnottheabilitytospeakalanguage

C.Ifitisdamaged，grossmotorcontroloftherightsideofthebodymaybeaffected.

D.ItistherightwhereWernick’sareaislocated.

88.Itcanbeinferredthataphasiasinadultsoftenresultinpermanentdamagebecause　　　　.

A.muchmemoryislost

B.adultshavemoretroublelearningaforeignlanguage

C.therighthemisphereisnolongerasadaptableasitoncewas.

D.braincellsinadultsareespeciallyvulnerabletoinfection

89.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbaseshisdescriptionon　　　　.

A.clinicalstudiesofinstancesofdamagetothebrain

B.studiesoflanguagedevelopmentinchildrenwithoutbraindamage

C.microscopicexaminationofthebrainstructure

D.examplesoftheintegrationoftheleftandrighthemispheres

专四模拟试题附参考答案

（2）3

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.

A

AnnaDouglaswas72yearsoldwhenshestartedwritinghernewspapercolumn.Shehadbeenthedirectorofaschoolandacampbeforesheretired，butsheneededtokeepbusy.Shewasevenwillingtoworkwithoutpay.Thatwasthereasonshefoundavolunteerjobwithanagency.Theagencythatshechosetoworkforwasabusinessthathelpedotherbusinessesfindjobsforoldpeople.Everydayshetalkedwithotherretiredpeoplelikeherself.Bytalking，sherecognizedtwothings.Oldpeoplehadabilitiesthatwerenotbeingused.Oldpeoplealsohadproblems—mostlyproblemswithcommunication.

Mrs.Douglasfoundanewpurposeforherself.Throughtheyears，fromtimetotimeshehadwrittenstoriesaboutpeoplefornationalmagazines.Nowtherewasanewsubject：

oldpeoplelikeherself.Shebegantowriteanewspapercolumncalled“SixtyPlus，”whichfocusedongettingold.Shewritesabouttheproblemsofoldpeople，especiallytheirproblemswithbeingmisunderstood.

AnnaDouglasusesherthinkingabilitytoseethetruthbehindaproblem.Sheunderstandsthereasonswhyproblemsbegin.Sheunderstandsoldpeopleandyoungpeople，too.Forexample，oneofherreaderssaidthathisgrandchildrenleftthehouseassoonashecametovisit.Mrs.Douglassuggestedsomewaysforhimtoincreaseunderstandingwithhisgrandchildren.Shetoldhimtolistentoyoungpeople'smusicandtowatchthemostpopulartelevisionshows.

“It'simportanttoknowsomethingaboutyourgrandchildren'sworld，”saysMrs.Douglas.“Thatmeansquestioningandlistening—andlisteningisnotwhatoldstersdobest，”shecontinues，“Saygoodthingstothemandaboutthem.Nevercriticizeyourgrandchildrenoranyotheryoungsters，teenagers，oryoungadults.Nevertellthemthattheyarewrong.Don'tgivethemyouropinion.Theyhavebeentaughtthattheyshouldhaverespectforoldpeople.Theoldshouldhaverespectfortheyoungaswell.”

81.AnnaDouglasunderstandstheproblemsofoldpeople　　　　.

A.becauseshelikestheirmusicB.becauseshehasgrandchildren

C.becauseshewatchestheirtelevisionprogramsD.becausesheisoldherself

82.AnnaDouglas'newspapercolumn　　　　.

A.isabouthowto