学年高考英语题型集训史地人文类阅读理解.docx

学年高考英语题型集训史地人文类阅读理解.docx

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学年高考英语题型集训史地人文类阅读理解

2018-2019学年高考英语题型集训：

史地人文类阅读理解

一、阅读理解

1.

Americaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.Neithersidefeelshurtbythis.BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowermoreslowlybutthenmaybecomelifelongfeelings,sometimesextendingdeeplyintobothfamilies.Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.Theywillenjoywelcomingusandbepleasedifweaccepttheirhospitalityeasily.

AnotherdifficultpointforusChinesetounderstandAmericansisthatalthoughtheyincludeuswarmlyintheirpersonaleverydaylives,theydon’tshowtheirpolitenesstousifitrequiresagreatdealoftime.Thisisusuallytheoppositeofthepracticeinourcountrywherewemaybegenerouswithourtime.Sometimes,we,ashosts,willappearatairportseveninthemiddleofthenighttomeetafriend.Wemaytakedaysofftoactasguidestoourforeignfriends.TheAmericans,however,expresstheirwelcomeusuallyathomes,buttrulycannotmanagethetimetodoagreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine.Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.Oncewearriveattheirhomes,thewelcomewillbefull,warmandreal.Wewillfindourselvestreatedhospitably.

FortheAmericans,itisoftenconsideredmorefriendlytoinviteafriendtotheirhomesthantogotorestaurants,exceptforpurebusinessmatters.Soaccepttheirhospitalityathome!

（1）The writer of this passage must be______.

A.an American

B.a Chinese

C.a professor

D.a student

（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.

B.Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.

C.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.

D.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.

（3）Whatdosethe underlined words“generous with our time”in Paragraph2probably mean?

A.strict with time

B.serious with time

C.careful with time

D.willing to spend time

（4）Whichisasuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.Friendships between Chinese

B.Friendships between Americans

C.Americans’hospitality

D.Americans’and Chinese’s views of friendships

【答案】

B

C

D

D

【考点】

标题归纳

说明文阅读

词义猜测

细节理解

社会文化类阅读

【解析】

本文属于说明文阅读，主要描述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和做法。

【解答】

（1） B细节理解题。

根据第一段中“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand”及第二段中“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives”可知作者是一名中国人，故选B。

（2） C细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowermoreslowlybutthenmaybecomelifelongfeelings,sometimesextendingdeeplyintobothfamilies”可知A、B是中国人对待友谊的做法，而美国人不那样做，故错误；根据第一段中的“Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship”可知C正确；根据第二段的“TheAmericans,however,expresstheirwelcomeusuallyathomes,buttrulycannotmanagethetimetodoagreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine”可知D错误。

综上，故选C。

（3） D词义猜测题。

根据第二段中“they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time”说明当美国人忙的时候他们对自己的时间很苛刻，所以可知中国人对待自己的时间是慷概的。

故选D。

（4）D标题归纳题。

根据文中“Americaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.”及“ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowermoreslowlybutthenmaybecomelifelongfeelings,extending sometimesdeeplyintobothfamilies.”可知本文主要说的是中美之间对友谊的观点。

故选D。

2.

Streetdancesaredancestylesthatevolved（逐渐演变）outsideofdancestudiosinanyavailableopenspaces.Theyareoftenimprovisational（即兴的）andsocialinnature,encouraginginteractionandcontactwithaudiencesandtheotherdancers.Thesedancesgenerallyevolveoutofurbanandsuburbanspacesandareapartofthenativecultureofthatgeographicalarea.SomeexamplesofstreetdancesincludeB-boying,orbreakdancing,whichoriginatedinNewYorkCity,andtheMelbourneShuffle,whichoriginatedinMelbourne,Australia.

Streetdancesaredancesthatevolveamongpeopleinasocialenvironment,althoughitcannotbealwaysdeterminedastohowtheyactuallydoevolveamongpeople.Intheory,asonepersoncomesupwithamovethatlooksgoodtoanotherperson,thatotherpersontriestocopythatmove.SimilartothegameofChineseWhispers,theeffectisthattheotherpersoncannotabsolutelyperformthatmovethesamewayastheotherperson,thusleadingtothedancercreatingtheirownstyleoranentirelynewmove.

Thereisasmalldifferencebetweenanentirelyfreestyledanceandanabsolutestreetdance.Whileafreestyledanceisrandomandapersonaldanceinventedbyasingleperson（evenifit’sbasedonsomeoneelse’sdancestyle）,afullstreetdanceisacollectionofthevarioussimilardancemovesandstylescollectedintoonepracticeandregardedasthesamedance.Forexample,whenB-boyingevolvedoutofearlyhip-hopculture,peoplecameupwiththeirownmoves,andotherpeopleimprovedthem.Streetdancesconstantlyevolveforaslongastheyare,nowandthenpracticedandregardedasthesamedance.Allthemovesdancedtobreaksinhip-hopculturewereregardedasB-boying.

Sometimesitispossibletotracebackstreetdancestylesthatweremostlypioneeredbyspecificpersons.OneexampleisLocking,whichisoftenregardedasbeingstartedbyDonCampbell, whowasa1970spioneerofAmericanstreetdances.Mostofthetimeitisimpossibletoowestreetdancestospecificpeople;sincethedancesevolveoutsideofprofessionaldanceenvironments,andthereisnosocialorlegalrecord.Streetdancepioneersalsorarelyhaveprofessionaldegreesindance,thusdistinguishingstreetdancesfromothermoderndanceforms.

（1）Paragraph1isintendedtotellusthe______ofstreetdances.

A.varieties

B.changes

C.characteristics

D.distributions

（2）Whatdoweknowaboutstreetdances?

A.Dancersperformthemindancestudios.

B.Theyaredevelopedbyprofessionaldancers.

C.Theyarecollectedfromdifferentmovesandstyles.

D.Dancerscreatemovesbasedonotherpeople’smoves.

（3）ChineseWhispersarementionedinParagraph2to______.

A.stressastreetdancer’sownstyle

B.showtheeffectofChineseWhispers

C.introduceapopularChinesegame

D.explainthecharacteristicsofstreetdances

（4）Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom______.

A.atraveljournal

B.ahistorytextbook

C.apopularmagazine

D.amuseumbrochure

【答案】

C

D

D

C

【考点】

目的意图

文章出处

推理判断

说明文阅读

社会文化类阅读

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了街舞的特点、形成街舞特点的原因等。

【解答】

（1）C目的意图题。

根据第一段第二句“Theyareoftenimprovisational（即兴的）andsocialinnature,encouraginginteractionandcontactwithaudiencesandtheotherdancers”可知，街舞通常是即兴的、社会性的，它鼓励舞者与观众及其他舞者联系和互动；结合第一段其他内容可知，该段旨在告诉读者街舞的特征，故C项正确。

（2）D推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句“Intheory,asonepersoncomesupwithamovethatlooksgoodtoanotherperson,thatotherpersontriestocopythatmove”可知，当一个人想出了一种其他人认为漂亮的动作时，其他人便试着模仿那种动作；据此可推知，街舞是在其他人的动作的基础上创造的舞蹈，故D项正确。

（3）D推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“SimilartothegameofChineseWhispers,theeffectisthattheotherpersoncannotabsolutelyperformthatmovethesamewayastheotherperson,thusleadingtothedancercreatingtheirownstyleoranentirelynewmove”可知，和“中国耳语”游戏相似，其他人无法做出和他人完全一致的动作，因而导致舞者创造了他们自己的风格或全新的动作；据此可以判断，第二段提及“中国耳语”游戏的目的是解释形成街舞特征的原因，故D项正确。

（4）C文章出处题。

通读全文可知，文章介绍了街舞的特点、形成街舞特点的原因等，属于对社会上流行的事物的说明，据此可以判断，本文最可能选自“流行杂志”，故C项正确。

3.

NadamFair（那达慕大会）,meaning“entertainment”,or“recreation”inMongolian,originatedintheearlydaysofthe13thcenturyandisamasstraditionalMongolianfestival.A“HuliLetai”（bigmeeting）washeldbyMongolleaderseverymonth.Manyactivitiesweretakenonduringthemeeting,suchasmakinglawsandregulations,appointingandremovingofficials,givingawardsandpenalties,andthelargeNadamFair.Asrecorded,in1206whenGenghisKhanwaselectedastheMongolianKhan,agrandNadamFairwasheld.

Sinceitsbirth,thethreeskills—wresting,horseracingandarchery—havebeenanecessarypartoftheNadamactivities.Inthepast,winnersofthethreesportswouldbegivenhorses,camels,sheep,bricktea,andsilkasprizes.

Inmoderntimes,moreactivitieshavebeenadded,suchaspolo,horsemanship,trackandfield,andotherballcompetitions.Thenewlyaddedcontentsturnthetraditionalnationalgrandmeetingtoahappyandeffectiveone.NadamheldinXilinGolLeagueisthebiggestandhasbecomeanimportantactivityforthehealthandentertainmentofthemasses.

Nowadays,Nadamisalwaysheldinsummerorautumnwhenthegrasslandsarebeautifulandflocksandherdsarereadyfortallow.Itoftenlastsforthreetosevendays.Duringthistime,herdsmanwillcomefromalloverincompletelynewnationalcostumes,ridingtheirhorses,carryingtents,allkindsofmeatandmilkproductsontheirlightwoodencarts.Whileputtingupthetent,peoplebegintoboilteaandstewmeat.

Fromancienttimes,thethreeskillshavebeenusedasstandardstojudgeability.Suchactivitiescanbeperformedanytimeandanywhere,sincespecialfields,equipmentorafixednumberofpeoplearenotnecessary.

Mongolianwrestlingisdistinguishedfromotherformsbyitsrules,methods,uniformsandfields.Thereareneitherweightoragedistinc