阅读理解专题复习精编.docx

阅读理解专题复习精编.docx

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阅读理解专题复习精编

阅读理解部分

------各类题型的特点及解答技巧

（一）主旨题

1.文章主旨给出的四种形式:

文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结.

2.主旨题的解题技巧

*不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题后会对主旨的理解有帮助

*着重理解首末段,首末句

*主旨在文章中间的情况（非文首文尾）,遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕

3.主旨题的注意事项:

*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句

*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨

*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨

*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:

therefore,thus,but,however,inshort等等

4.选项特点:

正确选项特点:

不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点:

细节信息明显;过于笼统

（二）作者观点和态度题

1.作者态度题的解题技巧

*作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案

*漠不关心类词语一定不对,既然写文章就不会不关心

*不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度

*当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度

*作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联

[注]新趋势:

*不仅局限于作者的态度,而发展到问文中某人对某事物的态度

*选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或否定的词语,而改为带有程度限制的词

*一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的表示必错,如:

strong,complete,entire,enthusiastic等

*持有保留态度的比较客观,常常是正确选项,如:

reserved,qualified,tempered,guarded,consent等

（三）词义/句义题

1.对词义考察的两种方式:

超纲词义含义推断;熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思

2.词义题的解题技巧:

*根据上下文进行推理猜测,两个原则

<1>不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思

<2>不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思

*正确选项不是熟词的常规含义

3.猜测词义的方法:

*构词法:

根据词根,词缀判断词义

*词性加搭配:

先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测

*找同义词,同义解释,反义词,反义解释:

在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法,由此推断其含义

*找同位词:

文中可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测

4.句义题的解题技巧

*正确选项不含有意义过于绝对化的词语,而是使用不肯定语气或意义解释深刻

*含原文词或短语越多,就越不可能是正确选项

（四）推理引申题

1.推理引申题的选项特点与答题技巧

干扰项的特点

*只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理

*看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等

*根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准

*推理过头,引申过渡

正确选项的特点

*不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项

*正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项

[注意]*注意那些似乎话中有话的的间接表达句,它们往往采用说半句,打比喻,反着说的方式,让考生有推理的余地

*注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子.考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看透,也是命题点所在

（五）事实细节题

1.事实细节题的选项特点

正确选项特点

*一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思

题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值

体现中心思想,一篇试题的细节与主旨直接关联

干扰选项的特点

*部分正确,部分错误

*是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容

*符合常识,但不是文章内容

*与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动

2.事实细节题的解题技巧

*主旨与细节是相辅相成的,确定了主题,才能深刻理解材料的作用.同样,对具体细节有较为全面的理解,就能更好的判明主题

*文章的事实细节内容不会孤立的出现,它与前后的内容密切相关,考生要善于利用因果,类比,时间,空间的关系将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体

*看细节内容要"跳出来"看,即要对文章的组织结构有清楚的认识,然后判断该细节为什么主题服务

*坚决遵循\"本本主义\",文章里有什么就用什么,不可凭感觉发挥做题

高考英语阅读理解复习专项

Ex.1A

I'llbethefirsttoadmitthatIamatechnophobe（对技术有恐惧感的人）.Whowouldhaveguessedthatawebsitewouldhelprepaya20-year-oldloan?

I'1lalwaysremembermylastdayatschool.Mybestfriend,Jenny,hadorganizedapartyintheSixthFormCommonRoom;Jennyaskedmetogotothesupermarketwithhertobuyallthesnacks."I'mreallylookingforwardtothisparty,Stingy,"shesaid.EveryonecalledmeStingyinsteadofDebbiebecausetheythoughtIdidn'tliketospendmoney.Actually,itwastrue."There'slotsofmoneyinthekitty（零星凑起的一笔钱）.Let'sgocrazy!

"Goingcrazymeantbuyingenoughsnackstofeedanarmy.Itcameto￡19.90,whichwasalotofmoneyin1982.Jennygavemeaguilty（内疚的）look."I'veleft-thekittymoneyinthecommonroom.CanyoupayandI'llgiveyoubackthemoney?

"

"Sure,"Ireplied,tryingtolookrelaxed.'Neitheralenderoraborrowerbe'wasmymottobutIdidn'twanttolookstingy（小气）.Igave￡20totheimpatientshopassistant.Well,thePartywasagreatsuccess.SogreatthatIcompletelyforgotaboutmyloanuntilIwasflyingtoAmericathenextday.Iwasgoingtolivewithmyuncle'sfamilyuntilIstarteduniversity.

ItriedtogetintouchwithJennybutherfamilyhadmoved.My￡20waslost.Until...

I'dheardaboutawebsitecalledFriendsReunitedwhichhelpedpeoplecontactoldschoolfriends.Myhusbandhelpedmelogonandfindmyschool.ThereshewasJennyFrost.I'mnowmarriedwithabeautifuldaughtercalledDebbie.DoesanyoneknowhowtogetintouchwithDebbie'Stingy'Jones?

Istilloweher￡20!

Wemettwomonthslaterandthe￡20wasreturned,plusinterest（利息）ofcourse.Afterall,I'mabankmanagernow,soloansaremybusiness.

1.WhydidJennyspendalotofmoneyonthesnacks?

A.Debbiehadmoney.B.Therewasmoneyshecoulduse.

C.ShewantedDebbietostopbeingstingy.D.Shewantedtobecrazy.

2.HowdidDebbiegethermoneyatlast?

A.HerhusbandfoundJenny.B.JennyhadawebsiteontheInternet.

C.DebbiemetJenny.D.DebbieputamessageontheFriendsReunitedwebsite.

3.WhichsentencebestdescribesDebbieJones?

A.Shedidn'tliketospendmoneyatschoolandoftenusescomputers.

B.Shesometimeslendsmoneyanddoesn'tlikeusingcomputers.

C.Shesometimeslendsmoneyanduses,thecomputerwhenevershecan.

D.Sheonlylendsmoneytofriendsanddoesn'tlikeusingcomputers.

4.WeknowfromthepassagethatJenny__.

A.likedpartiesatschoolandfeltguiltyaboutborrowingmoney

B.hadfunatschoolbutsoonforgotaboutherschoolfriends

C.forgotherbestfriendatschooluntilshesawtheFriendsReunitedwebsite

D.wasforgetfulaboutthemoney

B

SolomonShereshevskiwasamanwithanamazingmemory.Hewasoneoftheworld'smostfamousme-monists（记忆能手）.BorninRussiainabout1900,hespentmuchofhislifeperformingmemoryskillsthatpeoplefounddifficulttobelieve.Hecouldmemorizelonglistsofnumbersafterreadingthemthroughonce,andhecouldthenrecite（背诵）themforwardsorback-wards.Hecouldalsorememberthesamenumbersmonthslater..Hecouldeasilyrememberlistsofnames,dozensofplayingcardsorhundredsofcities.

Althoughhehadawonderfulmemory,hefoundsomenormalskillsverydifficult.Forexample,hefounditdifficulttolearntoread.Healsofounditdifficulttorecognizepatternsinwordsornumbers.Whenpresentedwithalonglistofnumberslikethis:

123442315678876567899876hecouldnotseethattherewasapattern.Ifhecouldseeorhearacollectionofnumbers,hecouldrememberit.However,thisdidnotmeanthathecouldunderstandwhathewaslookingat.Hecouldrememberlongcomplexmathematicalformulas,butcouldnotunderstandwhatthenumbersmeant.

SolomonsufferedfromaconditionknownasSynaesthesia.Thismeantthatallofhissenseswereconnectedinaspecialway.Inotherwords,whenheheardaparticularwordhealsoexperiencedauniquetaste,orsawauniquecolor.Eachwordthatheheardbroughtaparticulardescriptionintohismind.Eachwordforhimwasunique,becauseheremembereditasataste,asmell,acolororasound,orallofthemtogether.

Hewasnotaclevermanexceptthisabilityandpeoplefoundhimratherstupid.Hefounditdifficultto,becomefriendswithotherpeoplebecausehismindwassodifferent.Inaway,hismemorywasacurse（祸根）.Herememberedeverything,andthatmadeitdifficultforhimtounderstandanything.

5.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat_______.

A.allofhislife,Solomonwaskeptbusydoingmemorytricks

B.ifSolomonreadalistofnumbershecouldimmediatelyrememberthem

C.Solomoncouldmemorizelonglistofnumbersandfoundtheirpatterns

D.peoplethoughtSolomoncouldrememberthemostthingsintheworld

6.Solomonhadverypowerfulmemory,buthe.

A.couldnotreadorwriteB.neverknewwhatpeoplemeantwhentheysaidtohim

C.couldnotworkoutsomesimplemathproblemsD.foundeverythinghedidwasmeaningless

7.Whenapersonsuffersfromsynaesthesia,he（orshe）.

A.sensesthingsusuallyinawrongway

B.confusesfeelingswithc61orsortastes

C.oftenconnectswordshe（orshe）hearswiththingshe（orshe）experienced

D.eachwordhe（orshe）hearschangesitsmeaningcompletely

8.Theauthorwantstoexpressanideathat.

A.onecannotbegoodatbothmemorizingandunderstandingthings

B.somepeopleareactuallyquitestupidthoughtheyseemclever

C.havingagoodmemorydoesnotmeanhavinggoodintelligence

D.themoreyoucanmemorize,themorestupidyouwillcertainlybe

C

Lastyear,myboyfriendsuggestedthatIshouldruntheLondonmarathon（马拉松）,andIlaughed.Helaughedtoo,buthelaughedtoolongandtooloud.Thatmademethink.Irealizedthathedidn'tbelievethatIcoulddoit.Thatmademeangry,anddetermined,NowheknowsthatIcan!

Trainingwasn'teasy,butIkeptgoing.Ididn'tneedspecialtrainingbutIdidneedtobuyverygoodshoes.Eachday,Iwentalittlefurther.Bytheendofthreemonths,Iwasrunningfivedaysaweek.Some-timesintheeveningsIran10km；onSundaymornings,Isometimesranabout30kin.Iusedtocomehome,haveashowerandeatmybreakfast.Ifeltwonderful!

OnthedayoftheraceinLondon,Ilinedupwithabout30,000otherrunners.Thefasterrunnerswereatthefront,whileslowerrunnerslikemewereplacedfurtherback.Inthatway,theprofessionalrunnersandclubrunnerswerenotsloweddownbytheamateurs（业余爱好者）.

Atfirst,thereweresomanyrunnersclosetogetherthatwewerealmostfallingovereachother.Wecouldonlyrunveryslowlybutthatwasagoodthingbecauseitmeantthatwedidn'trushofftooquickly.Graduallytherunnersspreadoutandtherewasmorespace.Therewerethousandsofpeoplewatchingusalongtherouteandtheycheeredandclappedeveryone,eventheslowestrunner.Itwaswonderful!

Forthefirst10kmIfeltveryhappyandmylegsfeltverycomfortable.However,at15kmIgotapaininmysideandrunningbecamedifficult,butIkeptgoingandthepaindisappeared.Atthe30kmmark,Ifeltextremelytired,andwantedtostop,butIkeptongoing.Icoveredanother3kmandthenIbegantofeelbetteragain.

BythetimeIreachedthe35kmmark,IknewIwasgoingtogettotheendofthecourse.Somehowthatconfidencemademefeellighterandfasteranditseemedasifmylegsflewoverthelastfewkilometers.Ipassedhundredsofslowerrunners,someofwhomhadpassedmeearlier,andIfeltwonderful!

ASIcameroundthelastbend（弯道）andsawthefinishingline,Icouldseethreerunnersaheadofme.Iracedpastallofthemtofinishtheraceinjustunderfourhours.Thewinnerhadcompletedtheracein2ho