阅读理解专题复习精编.docx

1、阅读理解专题复习精编阅 读 理 解 部 分-各类题型的特点及解答技巧 (一)主旨题 1.文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结. 2.主旨题的解题技巧 *不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题后会对主旨的理解有帮助 *着重理解首末段,首末句 *主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕 3.主旨题的注意事项: *段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句 *作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨 *首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨 *提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore, thus, but, how

2、ever, in short等等 4.选项特点: 正确选项特点:不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点:细节信息明显;过于笼统(二)作者观点和态度题 1.作者态度题的解题技巧 *作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案 *漠不关心类词语一定不对,既然写文章就不会不关心 *不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度 *当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度 *作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联 注新趋势: *不仅局限于作者的态度,而发展到问文中某人对某事物的态度 *选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定

3、或否定的词语,而改为带有程度限制的词 *一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的表示必错,如:strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等 *持有保留态度的比较客观,常常是正确选项,如:reserved, qualified, tempered, guarded, consent等 (三)词义/句义题 1.对词义考察的两种方式:超纲词义含义推断;熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思 2.词义题的解题技巧: *根据上下文进行推理猜测,两个原则 不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思 不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思 *正确选项不是熟词的常规含义 3.猜测词义

4、的方法: *构词法:根据词根,词缀判断词义 *词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测 *找同义词,同义解释,反义词,反义解释:在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法,由此推断其含义 *找同位词:文中可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测 4.句义题的解题技巧 *正确选项不含有意义过于绝对化的词语,而是使用不肯定语气或意义解释深刻 *含原文词或短语越多,就越不可能是正确选项 (四)推理引申题 1.推理引申题的选项特点与答题技巧 干扰项的特点 *只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理 *看似从原文推

5、断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等 *根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准 *推理过头,引申过渡 正确选项的特点 *不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项 *正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项 注意 *注意那些似乎话中有话的的间接表达句,它们往往采用说半句,打比喻,反着说的方式,让考生有推理的余地 *注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子.考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看透,也是命题点所在 (五)事实细节题 1.事实细节题的选项特点 正确选项特点 *一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表

6、达相同的意思 题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值 体现中心思想,一篇试题的细节与主旨直接关联 干扰选项的特点 *部分正确,部分错误 *是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容 *符合常识,但不是文章内容 *与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动 2.事实细节题的解题技巧 *主旨与细节是相辅相成的,确定了主题,才能深刻理解材料的作用.同样,对具体细节有较为全面的理解,就能更好的判明主题 *文章的事实细节内容不会孤立的出现,它与前后的内容密切相关,考生要善于利用因果,类比,时间,空间的关系将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体 *看细节内容要跳出来看,即要对文章的组织结构有清楚的认识,然后

7、判断该细节为什么主题服务 *坚决遵循本本主义,文章里有什么就用什么,不可凭感觉发挥做题高考英语阅读理解复习专项Ex. 1 A Ill be the first to admit that I am a technophobe(对技术有恐惧感的人）.Who would have guessed that a website would help repay a 20-year-old loan? I1l always remember my last day at school. My best friend, Jenny, had organized a party in the Sixth

8、Form Common Room; Jenny asked me to go to the supermarket with her to buy all the snacks. Im really looking forward to this party, Stingy, she said. Everyone called me Stingy instead of Debbie because they thought I didnt like to spend money. Actually, it was true. Theres lots of money in the kitty(

9、零星凑起的一笔钱）. Lets go crazy! Going crazy meant buying enough snacks to feed an army. It came to 19.90,which was a lot of money in 1982.Jenny gave me a guilty( 内疚的) look. Ive left-the kitty money in the common room. Can you pay and Ill give you back the money? Sure, I replied, trying to look relaxed. Ne

10、ither a lender or a borrower be was my motto but I didnt want to look stingy(小气). I gave 20 to the impatient shop assistant. Well, the Party was a great success. So great that I completely forgot about my loan until I was flying to America the next day. I was going to live with my uncles family unti

11、l I started university. I tried to get in touch with Jenny but her family had moved. My 20 was lost. Until. Id heard about a website called Friends Reunited which helped people contact old school friends. My husband helped me log on and find my school. There she was Jenny Frost. Im now married with

12、a beautiful daughter called Debbie. Does anyone know how to get in touch with Debbie Stingy Jones? I still owe her 20! We met two months later and the 20 was returned, plus interest(利息)of course. After all, Im a bank manager now, so loans are my business. 1. Why did Jenny spend a lot of money on the

13、 snacks? A. Debbie had money. B. There was money she could use. C. She wanted Debbie to stop being stingy. D. She wanted to be crazy. 2. How did Debbie get her money at last? A. Her husband found Jenny. B. Jenny had a website on the Internet. C. Debbie met Jenny. D. Debbie put a message on the Frien

14、ds Reunited website. 3. Which sentence best describes Debbie Jones? A. She didnt like to spend money at school and often uses computers. B. She sometimes lends money and doesnt like using computers. C. She sometimes lends money and uses, the computer whenever she can. D. She only lends money to frie

15、nds and doesnt like using computers.4. We know from the passage that Jenny _ . A. liked parties at school and felt guilty about borrowing money B. had fun at school but soon forgot about her school friends C. forgot her best friend at school until she saw the Friends Reunited website D. was forgetfu

16、l about the moneyB Solomon Shereshevski was a man with an amazing memory. He was one of the worlds most famous me-monists (记忆能手). Born in Russia in about 1900, he spent much of his life performing memory skills that people found difficult to believe. He could memorize long lists of numbers after rea

17、ding them through once, and he could then recite(背诵) them forwards or back-wards. He could also remember the same numbers months later. He could easily remember lists of names, dozens of playing cards or hundreds of cities. Although he had a wonderful memory, he found some normal skills very difficu

18、lt. For example, he found it difficult to learn to read. He also found it difficult to recognize patterns in words or numbers. When presented with a long list of numbers like this : 1234 4231 5678 8765 6789 9876 he could not see that there was a pattern. If he could see or hear a collection of numbe

19、rs, he could remember it. However, this did not mean that he could understand what he was looking at. He could remember long complex mathematical formulas, but could not understand what the numbers meant.Solomon suffered from a condition known as Synaesthesia. This meant that all of his senses were

20、connected in a special way. In other words, when he heard a particular word he also experienced a unique taste, or saw a unique color. Each word that he heard brought a particular description into his mind. Each word for him was unique, because he remembered it as a taste, a smell, a color or a soun

21、d, or all of them together. He was not a clever man except this ability and people found him rather stupid. He found it difficult to, become friends with other people because his mind was so different. In a way, his memory was a curse(祸根). He remembered everything, and that made it difficult for him

22、 to understand anything.5. We know from the first paragraph that_. A. all of his life, Solomon was kept busy doing memory tricks B. if Solomon read a list of numbers he could immediately remember them C. Solomon could memorize long list of numbers and found their patterns D. people thought Solomon c

23、ould remember the most things in the world6. Solomon had very powerful memory, but he . A. could not read or write B. never knew what people meant when they said to him C. could not work out some simple math problems D. found everything he did was meaningless7. When a person suffers from synaesthesi

24、a, he (or she) . A. senses things usually in a wrong way B. confuses feelings with c61ors or tastes C. often connects words he (or she) hears with things he(or she) experienced D. each word he (or she) hears changes its meaning completely8. The author wants to express an idea that . A. one cannot be

25、 good at both memorizing and understanding things B. some people are actually quite stupid though they seem clever C. having a good memory does not mean having good intelligence D. the more you can memorize, the more stupid you will certainly beCLast year, my boyfriend suggested that I should run th

26、e London marathon(马拉松), and I laughed. He laughed too, but he laughed too long and too loud. That made me think. I realized that he didnt believe that I could do it. That made me angry, and determined, Now he knows that I can! Training wasnt easy, but I kept going. I didnt need special training but

27、I did need to buy very good shoes. Each day, I went a little further. By the end of three months, I was running five days a week. Some- times in the evenings I ran 10 km； on Sunday mornings, I sometimes ran about 30 kin. I used to come home, have a shower and eat my breakfast. I felt wonderful ! On

28、the day of the race in London, I lined up with about 30,000 other runners. The faster runners were at the front, while slower runners like me were placed further back. In that way, the professional runners and club runners were not slowed down by the amateurs(业余爱好者). At first, there were so many run

29、ners close together that we were almost falling over each other. We could only run very slowly but that was a good thing because it meant that we didnt rush off too quickly. Gradually the runners spread out and there was more space. There were thousands of people watching us along the route and they

30、 cheered and clapped everyone, even the slowest runner. It was wonderful! For the first 10 km I felt very happy and my legs felt very comfortable. However, at 15 km I got a pain in my side and running became difficult, but I kept going and the pain disappeared. At the 30 km mark, I felt extremely ti

31、red, and wanted to stop, but I kept on going. I covered another 3 km and then I began to feel better again. By the time I reached the 35 km mark, I knew I was going to get to the end of the course. Somehow that confidence made me feel lighter and faster and it seemed as if my legs flew over the last

32、 few kilometers. I passed hundreds of slower runners, some of whom had passed me earlier, and I felt wonderful! AS I came round the last bend(弯道)and saw the finishing line, I could see three runners ahead of me. I raced past all of them to finish the race in just under four hours. The winner had completed the race in 2 ho