Time Study教程.docx

Time Study教程.docx

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TimeStudy教程

Organisation&ProgressReferential

“DeterminationofUnitTimes”.

AIM

Thisreferentialdescribesthemethodsandtoolstobeimplementedforestablishingunittimes.

AREAOFAPPLICATION

Thisreferentialistobeappliedby01/09/2005atthelatestinalltheindustrialentitiesintheGroup.TheusersofthereferentialarethemembersoftheOrganisationandProgressmétierwhohavebeenvalidatedforthepostofStudyOrganiser.

DEFINITIONS

▪UnitTime:

ThisisthetimeittakesacapableandtrainedoperatortocompleteaUnitofProduction（U.P）oraUnitofWorkindeterminedconditions,usingthemethod,machinesandequipmentprovided.

YouwillfindanexampleofaUnitTimesheetattheendofthisdocument.

▪Chronométrage（Time-study） :

Time-studyistheoperationwhichconsistsin:

▪CheckingthattheMethodofWorkiscorrectlyapplied.

▪Assessingandrecordingtheworkingrateoftheoperatorobserved.

▪Measuringandrecordingtimes.

Youwillfindanexampleofatimerecordingsheetattheendofthisdocument.

▪WorkElement:

Thisisaportionofworkdemarcatedbytwomeasurementreferencesandconsistingofanorderedsequenceofdefinedactionsofahomogeneousnature.

▪

Conceptofrate:

Anoperator’sworkingrateishisinstantaneousspeedofexecutionofausefulpieceofworkwhenthisspeedisdependentsolelyontheoperator’sworkingrhythm.Thisrateorspeedtakesaccountoftheexecutionconditions（difficulty,precision,ergonomics,etc.）.

▪Rating:

Thisistheoperationbywhichaqualifiedorganiserassessestheworkingrateofanoperatorinrelationtohismentalimageofarateof100.

▪Referencerate:

Thereferencerateisknownas“Rate100”.

Thisistheworkingratewhichanyaverageoperator,capable,trainedandqualifiedtooccupythepost,canmaintainconstantlythroughouthisworkingtimeatthepost（generallyan8hourshift）,withoutdamaginghishealth.

Thisrateiscalibratedonthepre-determinedtimestandards（M.T.M.）.

▪Technologicaltimes（Tt）:

Theseareelementsthedurationofwhichdependsonlyontechnologicalconstraintsindependentoftheoperator.Theoperatorcanonlyrespecttheseconstraintsorsufferthem.

▪Manualorhumantimes（Tm）:

Theseareelementsthedurationofwhichdependsonlyontheoperator’saction.Thisoperationmaybeperformedusinganinertmeans.

▪Techno-manualortechno-humantimes（Ttm）:

Theseareelementsofintermediatenature,i.e.thedurationofwhichdependsbothontheoperator’sactionandontechnologicalconstraintswhicharecombinedwithit.

▪Linkedirregular（UnavoidableAnomaly）:

Thisisaneventwitharandomfrequencyofoccurrence,linkeddirectlytoaworkelementplannedinthemethodofwork（manualortechno-manual）.

Theirregularhasadirectimpactonthedurationoftheworkelement（e.g.slippageoftherollerwhenjoiningalaizeonafinishingpost,re-openingofabandagebeadonabefore-cureverificationpostfollowingitsunexpectedclosure）.

INSTRUCTION

Precondition:

ØThedeterminationofworkelementtimesmustbedoneonanoptimisedmethodofwork,thatis,withinthecontextofapoststudyaftertheanalysisandcritiquestages.

ØTheunitoftimeusedforthedeterminationofworkelementsis:

▪TheCmn（hundredthofaminute）fortime-study.

▪TheTMU（timemeasurementunit）forthepredeterminedtimemethods（M.O.S.T.orM.T.M.）.

1TMU=1/100,000thofanhour.

ØUnittimesareexpressedinCmn（Hundredthsofaminute）.

Thedifferentmethodsoftimedetermination（TmandTtm）:

Twomethodscanbeusedfordeterminingtimes:

1.Predeterminedtimemethods,M.T.M.orM.O.S.T.

2.Time-study.

Choiceofmethod:

Seeflowchartbelow.

M.O.S.T :

M.O.S.T.

MaynardOperationsSequenceTechnique

M.O.S.T.isatechniquefortheanalysisandmeasurementofwork,basedonasystemofsequencesofpredeterminedmovements.

Exampleofsequence（BasicMOST）:

A6B6G1A1B0P3A0=17*10=170TMU

-TherearedifferentversionsofMOSTinusewithinthecompany（MiniorBasic）whichwillbeemployedaccordingtoanumberofcriteriarepresentedintheflowchartbelow:

Precision:

M.O.S.T.guaranteesalevelofprecisionof±5%

and95%confidenceforunittimes.

InterestofMOST:

ØSpeedofestablishmentofelementarytimes:

▪BasicMOSTis40timesquickerthanMTM1,

▪MiniMOSTis14timesquickerthanMTM1,

▪MiniandBasicMOSTare2.5timesquickerthanTime-study.

ØMOSTisveryefficientinoptimisationphases（analysisandcritiquemadeeasier）.

ØMOSTfavoursuniformityoftheresultsobtained.

ØMOSTiseasytoexplainandunderstand（commonlanguageforoperators,supervisorsandorganisers）.

ØThismethodenablestheoperatorstobemoreinvolvedintheimprovementoftheirmethodsofwork.

ØThetablesofpredeterminedtimescorrespondtoarateof100.Thereisnoneedforrating.

ØPossibilityofestimatingtimesinadvance（simulation）.

ØEasierintheupdatingphases.

ØLesslaborioustechniquethantime-studyandmorerewardingfororganisers.

ØLessrestrictingforoperators.

Disadvantage:

ØMoredifficulttoidentifyandputavalueonirregularscomparedwithTime-study.

ØPotentially,lessorganiserpresenceontheground.

Time-study:

Implementationoftime-studyinvolvesbreakingdownthemethodofworkintoworkelements.

Regularcycle

Phase

WorkElement

▪WorkElement（E.d.T.）:

ØThisisaportionofworkdemarcatedbytwomeasurementreferencesandconsistingofanorderedsequenceofdefinedactionsofahomogeneousnature.

ØThisisthesmallestportionofworkweanalyse.

▪Phase :

ØThisisadefinedsetofworkelements.

N.B.–Thebreakdownintophasesisoptional;itdependsonthecycleduration.

▪Regularcycle:

ØThisisasetofphases,andconsequentlyworkelements,whichrecurinadeterminedorderwheneachProductionUnit（U.P.）orUnitofWorkisbeingexecuted.

Minimumprecisionrequired:

Thetime-studymethodproposedwasdevelopedbythePE3/ETdepartment（M.SergeLAROUX）.ThedocumentdescribingthestatisticalmethodcanbeobtainedfromtheO&Pschool.

▪

Case1:

E.d.T.withafrequencyof1perUnitofProductionatthepost.

Theseelementswillenableustodefinethedurationoftheminimumperiodofthesimogram.

Example:

joinalaizetoproducearoll.

Seeflowchartbelow:

ThetimeadoptediscalledtheelementarytimeorET.

Thenormalitytestandtheprecisioncalculationtakeplaceusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.

▪Case2:

E.d.T.withafrequencyof<1perUnitofProductionatthepost.

Theseelementswillenableustodefinethedurationofthemaximumperiodofthesimogram.

Example:

evacuationofapalletofrollsfromacutter.

Seeflowchartbelow:

ThetimeadoptediscalledtheelementarytimeorET.

Thenormalitytestandtheprecisioncalculationtakeplaceusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.

▪Case3:

ActivitiesoutsideProductionUnit（e.g.startandendofshift,safetyinstructions）.

Seeflowchartbelow:

ThetimeadoptediscalledtheelementarytimeorET.

Theprecisioncalculationisdoneusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.

Compliancewiththeproposedmethodguaranteesalevelofprecisionof±5%

and95%confidenceforunittimes.

ImplementationofthenormalitytestaccordingtotheSHAPIRO-WILKmethodinvolvestheinstallationoftheBUSapplicationunderExcel.YoumustsubmitarequesttoyourRULwhowillgiveyouinstallationrights.

Rating:

Validationcriterionforrating:

Øtheorganisermustdemonstratethathehastheabilitytopractiserating.Heisqualifiedinthispracticewhenheisconsideredstableonthecriteriaof“Meandeviation”（toleranceof±3%）and“Standarddeviation”（tolerance=5.5）.Thisstabilisationismonitoredusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.

ØAfterstabilisation,hemustcarryoutaminimumof6exercisesof15sequencesperquarter,i.e.24exercisesayear.

ØMaintainedqualificationinratingisoneoftheessentialsoftheMétierGuaranteeandistheresponsibilityoftheROPsinthesites.

Technologicaltimes:

Thedeterminationoftechnologicaltimesisbasedon:

ØMeasuredtimes,analysedusingtheform（identicaltotheoneusedfortime-study）referredtoattheendofthedocumentandinaccordancewiththeprecisionrulesexplainedinthe“Time-study”section.

ØTimescalculatedbyatechnicalormethodsgroup（forexample,ofthespeedtypeinpreparationordependentonadvanceandspeedformachiningtime）.

ØTimescomingfromcontrolsystemswhichwillbeanalysedmanuallysoastoidentifytheunforeseenelements.

Technologicaltimesmustbestandardisedandmaintainedlong-terminallcases.ThisresponsibilitylieswiththeOrganiser.

LinkedIrregulartimes（UnavoidableAnomalies）:

ThedeterminationofLinkedIrregulartimesisbasedon:

ØMOSTanalysisifthenatureoftheanomalypermits（e.g.eliminatedefectsfromalaize）.

ØTimesmeasuredwhentakingtimereadings.

ØThefrequencyofoccurrenceoftheanomaly,determinedfromthedatacollectedduringthetime-studysessionorbycontinuousobservation.

Theunittimesheet:

Itmustbetotallyconsistentwiththechronologyofoperationscomingfromthesimogram.

Itisanessentialcomponentofthestudydossier.

Itisthebasedocumentformeasuringtheactivityofpeopleandmachineloads.

Itmustshow:

Identificationoftheproductionworkshop.

Identificationoftheworkpost

Identificationoftheorganiser.

Identificationoftheproductionunit.

Pagenumberinganddateofexecution.

Simogramreferences.

Num