专题08书面表达之概要写作高二英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版.docx

专题08书面表达之概要写作高二英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版.docx

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专题08书面表达之概要写作高二英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版

08书面表达之概要写作

Passage1

（2020·河北高二期末）Accordingtomostpeople,afteralongperiodofstudyingorworking,weneedtohavearesttorefreshourselves.However,thatmaynotbethecase.Accordingtoarecentreport,youdon’tneedthebreakasmuchasyoumaythinkthatmakesyoufeellesstired.

Scientistshavelongassumedthatwillpowerisalimitedresource,whichiswhyyoufeeltheneedtohavearest,haveasnackandthengetbacktotaskwhenyouarefeelingbetter.Theyarguethattheonlywayitrestoreswillpowerisbyrest,foodorentertainment.

Butpsychologistshavechallengedthistheory,sayingweakwillpowerisallinyourhead.Theyhavefoundthatpeople’sbeliefinwillpowerdetermineshowlongandhowwellthey’llbeabletoworkontoughmentalexercise.“Ifyouthinkofwillpoweraresomethingthatisnotreallyusedup,youcangoonandon.”saidProfessorVeronikaJob.

Theresearchersdesignedfourexperimentstoteststudents’beliefinwillpower.Afteratiringtask,thosewhobelieved,orwereledtobelievethatwillpowerisalimitedresource,performedworseonstandardconcentrationteststhanthosewhothoughtofwillpowerassomethingtheyhadmorecontrolover.Theyalsofoundthatleadinguptothefinalexamweek,studentswhobelievedthelimitedresourcetheoryatejunkfood24percentmoreoftenthanthosewhobelievedtheyhadmorecontrolinresistingthetemptation.

Mr.Jobsaid,“Thetheorythatwillpowerisalimitedresourceisinteresting.Beliefinwillpowerasanon-limitedresourcemakespeoplestrongerintheirabilitytoworkthroughchallenges.”

Thefindingscanhelppeoplewhoarebattlingagainsttemptation.Willpowerisn’tdrivenbyabiologically-basedprocessasmuchasweusedtothink.Thebeliefinitiswhatinfluencesyourbehaviors.

【答案】Basedonarecentreport,havingaresttorefreshyourselfisnotsoessentialassomepeoplethink.（要点1）Will-power,assumedtobealimitedresourcebysomescientists,werethoughttobeonlyregainedbyrest,food,aswellasentertainment.（要点2）However,thistheoryhasbeenchallenged.Researchers,includingVeronicaJobs,conductedexperimentsandmadesomenewdiscoveries.（要点3）Ifyoubelievethatwillpowerislimitless,youwillbemorepowerful,whichisapotentialhelptoresisttemptation.（要点4）

【分析】

这是一篇概要写作。

【详解】

简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。

写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。

Passage2

（2020·浙江高二期末）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Choosingtherightcollegecanbeadifficulttask.Therearethousandsofcollegesanduniversitiesforyoutochoosefromandmanyareworthyofbeingconsidered.Foreachpotentialcollege,findoutthesuccessrateofstudents'gettingtheirjobs,especiallythoserelatedtoyourmajors.Herearesomestrategies（策略）foryoutomaketherightchoice.

Collegeswhichofferpracticeinsomeofthefieldsareworthyofyourattention.Itcanprovideyouwithalargeamountofinformationonjobhunting.Companiesoftenpreferemployeesthatperformwell.Practicegivesyouthevaluableexperienceandnecessaryopportunities.Somepracticalskillsthatyoulearnwillreallyprepareyourselfforthecertainjobs.Besides,choosingacollegethathasteachermemberswithgoodreputationsintheirfieldscanalsobeveryusefulsincetheseteachermemberscanprovideyouwithstepsintotheworkingworldbypractice.

Schoolrankingsandanationalreputationofacademicsuccessareoftentheimportantfactors（因素）foryourpotentialemployers.ThistypeofinformationcanbefoundeasilyontheInternetandinmagazines.Totheemployers,graduatesfromhighrankingcollegesareoftenconsideredmorereliable.Theyhaveastrongerabilitytolearnandaremorelikelytocreatewealthforthecompany.Sometimesitcanevenbeamoreimportantfactorinlookingforajobthantheactualqualityofeducationthecollegeprovides.

Afternarrowingdownyourchoicestoafewcolleges,it'stimetovisitthem.Takingalookatthecampus（校园）canchangeyourattitudetoaparticularschool.Planyourtourandthendosomeresearchonyourown.Itisalsoimportanttotalktoasmanystudentsasyoucanandfindoutifearningadegreefromtheschoolishelpfulingettingajob.Meanwhile,youcanspeaktothestudentsinthemajorsyou'reconsideringtoknowwhatthecoursesarelike,whatyou'lllearn,andwhatyourexpectedoutcomewillbe.

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【答案】Challengingasitistochooseanidealcollege,there’resometipsthatmayhelp.（要点1）First,collegesthatprovidepracticeandhavedistinguishedteachersincertainfieldsareworthconsidering.（要点2）Second,it’sadvisabletosearchforacademicrankingsandreputation,whichyourfutureemployersmaycareabout.（要点3）Afteryouhavecandidates,visitthemandenquiremoreofrelatedstudents.（要点4）

【分析】

这是一篇议论文，文章就如何选择一个好的大学给出几点建议。

【详解】

第一步：

概括每个段落的大意

第一段主要说明了选择一个理想的大学是一个挑战，会影响到未来的工作，所以作者给出几点选择大学的建议。

可以用Challengingasitistochooseanidealcollege,there’resometipsthatmayhelp.表示。

第二段给出第一个建议，第一句就给出了主旨句子Collegeswhichofferpracticeinsomeofthefieldsareworthyofyourattention提供实践经验的大学值得考虑，后文又说到choosingacollegethathasteachermemberswithgoodreputationsintheirfieldscanalsobeveryuseful，选择一个有好的老师，老师的名声不错的学校也是有用的。

即collegesthatprovidepracticeandhavedistinguishedteachersincertainfieldsareworthconsidering.。

第三段给出第二个建议：

Schoolrankingsandanationalreputationofacademicsuccessareoftentheimportantfactors（因素）foryourpotentialemployers.学校的等级和学术成功通常也是潜在雇主考虑的重要因素。

即Second,it’sadvisabletosearchforacademicrankingsandreputation,whichyourfutureemployersmaycareabout.

第四段给出第三个建议：

Afternarrowingdownyourchoicestoafewcolleges,it'stimetovisitthem.在缩小大学的选择时，是时候去参观大学了，后文接着说Itisalsoimportanttotalktoasmanystudentsasyoucanandfindoutifearningadegreefromtheschoolishelpfulingettingajob.和尽可能多的学生交流，弄清楚在学校获得学位是否有助于找工作，这也是很重要的。

即Afteryouhavecandidates,visitthemandenquiremoreofrelatedstudents.

第二步：

连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：

Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast

2.表并列补充关系：

Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but（also）,including,

3.表转折对比关系：

However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause（从句）,Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…

4.表因果关系：

Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰

Passage3

（2020·上海市金山中学高二期末）Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Therearenowmanyproductsandservicesonthemarketwhicharesimilarincontentthoughproducedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,foracompanytodistinguishitselffromitscompetitorsbyhavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediatelyrecognizable.

Logosarepartofthisimage.Theyaresymbolswhichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.Thelogoestablishesavisualidentityforthecompany,justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesandthroughouttheageshaveusedcolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.

Indifferentcultures,differentcolorscarrydifferentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwithwarmthinanother;somecolorsrepresentlifeinoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave,therefore,tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodindifferentcountries.

Thelogosoflargeinternationalcompaniesareinstantlyrecognizablethroughouttheworld.OneofthemostfamouslogosisthatofCoca-Cola.Thedesignofthewords“Coca-Cola”hasnotchangedsince1886,althoughthesurroundingdesignhasbeenchangedfromtimetotime.Manycompanieshave,overtheyears,renewedtheirlogostofitinwithcontemporarydesignandtopresentmorepowerfulimages.Companylogoscanbeemotiveandcaninspireloyaltybyinfluencingthesubconscious（潜意识的）.Somelogosincludeanideaoftheproduct:

thesteeringwheelintheMercedeslogo,forexample,andtheaeroplanetailofAlitalia.

Logosareusedonpackagingandbrochuresaswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertisingcampaign,Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageandtofixitinthemindsoftheconsumers.Logos,therefore,needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.

【答案】It’simportantforacompanytodistinguishitselffromotherstobeeasilyrecognizedbypeople.Logossymbolizetheiridentitiesandcolorscancarrydifferentmeaningsfordifferentcultures,sothelogosmustn’tbemisunderstood.Thelogosoflargecompaniesarenotchangedovertime.What’smore,theyareusedonpackagesandbrochuresbesidesontheproducts.

【分析】

阅读文章，概括主旨，不多于60词。

【详解】

本题的要求是概要写作，为明确文章主旨，可先逐段阅读并总结段落大意，然后串联分析文章结构，从而总结整体主题。

第一段给出文章的背景，指出一家公司想要与其他同类型公司有所不同、有辨识度，打造鲜明的公司形象是非常重要的。

第二段引出文章的主要话题：

标志，即logo，指出其含义和作用。

第三段主要讲述了不同文化背景下的颜色有着不同的含义，因此国际性的公司要确保标志不会被误解。

第四段以一些著名公司的标志为例，介绍了它们具备的特点。

第五段做出总结并呼应文章开头，再次强调标志可以塑造公司形象的重要作用，因此必须是原创的、特别的、让人印象深刻的。

这样就可以对文章的脉络和主旨有明确的把握，本文从公司形象切入，引出标志这一话题，从国际大公司的标志有文化适应性、与时俱进性以及宣传性质等方面阐述了标志的重要性。

根据文章内容再进行概括、串联、组织语言即可写出概要内容。

Passage4

（2020·莆田第二十五中学高二期末）概要写作：

阅读下文，根据其内容写一篇50-60词胡内容概要。

Fordecades,doctor