虚拟语气.docx
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虚拟语气
•虚拟语气
•语气
•1.陈述语气
•2.疑问语气
•3.祈使语气
•4.虚拟语气
•
•虚拟
•LongliveChairmanMao！
•GodblessAmerica.
•IfonlyIwereabird.
•IwishIknewhowtoquityou!
---（断臂山）
无法实现或实现的可能性很小，仅仅表达说话人的愿望，希望，猜测或建议。
•虚拟语气
•1.条件从句中的虚拟
•2.名词性从句的虚拟
•3.特殊句式
•
•条件状语从句
•1.真实条件句
•2.虚拟条件句
•真实条件句
•如果明天不下雨，我们将会举行运动会。
•如果冬天来了，春天还会远么？
•真实条件句
•Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhavethesportsmeeting.
•Ifwintercomes,Canspringbefarbehind.---雪莱《西风颂》
•特洛伊
•IfyoustayinLarissa,youwillfindpeace.Youwillfindawonderfulwoman,andyouwillhavesonsanddaughters,whowillhavechildren.
•Andthey'llallloveyouandrememberyourname.Butwhenyourchildrenaredead,andtheirchildrenafterthem,yournamewillbeforgotten...
•IfyougotoTroy,glorywillbeyours.Theywillwritestoriesaboutyourvictoriesinthousandsofyears!
Andtheworldwillrememberyourname.
•ButifyougotoTroy,youwillnevercomeback...foryourglorywalkshand-in-handwithyourdoom.AndIshallneverseeyouagain.
•
•主现从现
•每天如果我有时间，我就看电视。
•IfIhavetime,IwillwatchTVeveryday.
•IfIhavetime,IwatchTVeveryday.
•如果我有时间，每周我都给父母打个电话。
•IfIhavetime,Icallmyparentseveryweek.
•
•真实条件句
•主将从现（主情从现）
•主现从现
•
•阅读赏析
•Hi.ThisisJohn.Ifyouarethephonecompany,Ihavealreadysentthemoney.Ifyouaremyparents,pleasesendmoney.Ifyouaremyfinancialaidinstitution,youdidn’tlendmeenoughmoney.Ifyouaremyfriends,youowememoney.Ifyouareafemale,don’tworry,Ihaveplentyofmoney.
•
•Examlink
•Frank___afilmifhe'sfreenextSaturday.
•Asee
•Bsaw
•Chasseen
•Dwillsee
•---2005北京第29题
•I___theCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow.
•Awillreturn
•Breturned
•Chavereturned
•Dreturn
•---2007北京课标卷
•Whatwillyoudotomorrow?
•We'llhaveapicnicifit___fine.
•Ais
•Bwas
•Cwillbe
•Dhasseen
•---2007北京大纲卷第28题
•IfIfindhisphonenumber,I___you.
•A.tellB.told
•C.willtellD.havetold
•2009北京卷
•阅读赏析
•Weallknowtheruleofumbrellas---
ifyoutakeyourumbrella,itwillnotrain;ifyouleaveit,itwill.
•虚拟条件句
•虚拟条件句
•如果把太平洋的水全部倒出来，也浇不熄我对你爱情的火焰。
•太平洋的水能全部倒出来么？
不能！
•所以我不爱你！
------《第一次亲密接触》
•什么是对现在的虚拟？
•如果我（现在）又高又帅就好了。
•欣赏歌曲
•BecauseIloveyou
•IfIwereaboy
•Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.
•---罗素自传
•阅读赏析
•Lookattherocket!
Howfastitis.
•Ifyourtailwereonfire,youwouldbethatfasttoo.
•对现在的虚拟
•辨析
could：
能力，可能
should:
义务，责任
would：
意志，决心
might:
推测
•翻译练习
•如果狮子和老虎一起争斗，谁会赢？
•如果你是一个亿万富翁，你会做什么？
•如果你有1亿，你会干什么？
•
•口语练习
•Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereabillionaire?
•Whatwouldyoudoifyouhad100million？
•如果现在我有1亿，我就环游世界。
•如果现在我有一亿，我就天天不做家庭作业了。
•如果现在我有1亿，
我就天天在家数钱。
•如果现在我有1亿，
我就天天逛商场。
阅读练习
•“IfweappliedtheRussiantrainingmodeltosomeoftheoutstandingrunnerswehaveinthiscountry,”Yessisasserts,“Theywouldbebreakingrecordsleftandright.”
（剑4,T4,Reading）
•Examlink
•ThepopularconceptionofAmazoniaanditsnativeresidentswouldbeenormouslyconsequentialifitweretrue.
•（剑3，T3，Reading）
•对于亚马逊河地区及其土著居民的普遍看法如果情况属实，将会对今后产生及其重大的影响。
•
•什么是对过去的虚拟？
•哎，当时我要是…就好了。
•赏析
•Policeman:
Whydidn’tyoushoutforhelpwhenyouwererobbedofyourwatch?
•Man:
ifIhadopenedmymouth,theywouldhavefoundmyfourgoldteeth.Thatwouldbemuchworse.
•
•Twoyearsagoifsomeonehadturnedroundtomeandsaid“intwoyearsyou’llbeEnglandcaptain”,Iwouldhaveturnedroundandsaid:
“Idon’tthinkso!
”
•----DavidBeckham
•
•辛德勒的名单：
•Icouldhavegotmoreout.
•IfIjust…Icouldhavegotmore
•IfIhadmademoremoney,Ithrewawaysomuchmoney,…ifIhadjust…
•Ididn’tdoenough
•Goethwouldhaveboughtthiscar,
•Thispin,…hewouldhavegivenmetwoforit.
•Icouldhavegotten…onemoreperson,andIdidn’t,andIdidn’t.
•
•对过去的虚拟
•功能
•表示一种对过去的遗憾或悔恨或感激。
•
•翻译写作练习
•如果当时我向她表白的话，她可能当时就同意了。
•如果大学当时学的足够努力的话，我就拿到奖学金了。
•什么是对将来的虚拟？
•如果将来….,就….
•阅读赏析
•Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCup,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:
elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.
•（2007年考研text1）
•
•将来如果我当主席的话，我一定严厉打击腐败。
•IfIweretobe/shouldbe/were
president,Iwouldfightagainstcorruption.
•对将来的虚拟
•Ifhe____,he___thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
•Awaswarned,wouldnottake
•Bhadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetaken
•Cwouldbewarned,hadnottaken
•Dwouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken
•四级
•Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English___mucheasier.
•Awouldhavebeen
•Bwillbe
•Ccouldhavebeen
•Dwouldbe
•2009年专业四级真题
•
•1.（2009安徽卷）Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；they_____justbequietpeople．
•A．mustB．may
•C．shouldD．would
•
•2.Butfortheirhelp，wetheprogramintime．
•A．cannotfinish
•B．willnotfinish
•C．hadnotfinished
•D．couldnothavefinished
•
•4.（2009福建卷）ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
•A.wouldnotwin
•B.wouldnothavewon
•C.wouldwin
•D.wouldhavewon
•
•5.（2009湖南卷）---It’stheoffice!
Soyou______knoweatingisnotallowedhere.
•---Oh,sorry.
•A.mustB.will
•C.mayD.need
•
•6.（09江苏卷）Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe_____itdifferently.
•A.couldexpress
•B.wouldexpress
•C.couldhaveexpressed
•D.musthaveexpressed
•
•7.（09全国I）Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?
Therebetwelve
•A.shouldB.would
•C.willD.shall
•
•9.（09上海卷）It______havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.
•A.mayB.can
•C.mustD.should
•
•10.（2009四川卷）—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
•—Well,you_______
•A.couldB.would
•C.shouldD.might
•
•11.（2009浙江卷）Thedoctorrecommendedthatyouswimaftereatingalargemeal.
•A.wouldn’tB.couldn’t
•C.needn’tD.shouldn’t
•
•12.（2009重庆卷）—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?
•—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.
•A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeen
•C.mustbeD.mighthavebeen
•
•61.Aren'tyoutired?
you____youhaddoneenoughfortoday.
•A.shouldhavethought
•B.musthavethought
•C.mighthavethought
•D.couldhavethought
•2009年专业四级
•混合时间条件句
•
•我早上没吃饭，因此我现在饿了。
•Ididnoteatbreakfastinthemorning,soIamhungrynow.
•如果我早上吃了，那么我现在就不饿了。
•IfIhadeatenbreakfastinthemorning,Iwouldnotbehungrynow.
•改写练习
•Theroomisfulloffliesbecauseyouleftthedooropen.
•Ifyouhadnotleftthedooropen,theroomwouldnotbefulloffliesnow.
•
•Ididn’tfinishmyreportyesterday,soIcan’tbeginanewprojecttoday.
•ButifIhadfinishedmyreportyesterday,Icouldbeginanewprojecttoday.
•
•翻译练习
•如果昨天晚上你没睡那么晚，现在你就不困了。
•Ifyouhadnotgonetobedsolate,youwouldnotbesleepynow.
•Examlink
•IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___now.
•A.wouldn’tbesmiling
•B.couldn’thavesmiled
•C.won’tsmile
•D.didn’tsmile
•1999年1月四级
•
•Rebecca___meearlierifshedidn’tlikeherhousesheboughtlastmonth.
•A.told
•B.wouldtell
•C.hadtold
•D.wouldhavetold
•1996年1月六级
•
•含蓄条件句
（没有直接的条件从属连词，但一般含有：
with,without,butfor,or,otherwise等词）
•Icouldhavehelpedyou,butIdidn’thavemoneythen.
•Without/butforyourhelp,Iwouldneverhavesucceeded.
•Sheranallthewaytothestation;otherwise,shewouldhavemissedherbus.
•翻译练习
•没有水，我们就不能活。
•Withoutwater,wecouldnotlive.
•要是有更好的设备，我们会做的好的了。
•Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedonebetter.
•
•
•Whydidn’tyoubuyit?
•I___butIdidn’thavethemoney.
•A.would
•B.wouldhave
•C.hadhad
•D.hadbought
•托福
•
•If的省略
•If省略后
把后面的系/助/情态动词提到句首
•如果我是你的话，我就做了。
•IfIwereyou,Iwoulddothat.
•WereIyou,Iwoulddothat.
•
•翻译写作练习
•如果我早知道，我当时就告诉你了。
•IfIhadknown,Iwouldhavetoldyou.
•HadIknown,Iwouldhavetoldyou.
•
•如果有人打电话来，请留言。
•Ifanyoneshouldcall,pleasetakeamessage.
•Shouldanyonecall,pleasetakeamessage.
•
•如果当时我准备更充分些，我可能就得到那个工作了。
•IfIhadbeenbetterprepared,Icouldhavegotthejob.
•HadIbetterprepared,Icouldhavegotthejob.
•
•正确使用虚拟语气四步骤
•1.是否虚拟
•2.何时虚拟
•3.主句虚拟
•4.从句虚拟
•
•阅读赏析
•Thereisnodoubtthatifshehadnotlostherruddershewouldhavewontheraceeasily.
•新3
•衍生
•wish/ifonly
•asif/though
•阅读赏析
•Therearetwokindsofpeopleintheworld:
peoplewhowishtheyweremarried,andpeoplewhowishtheyweresingle.
•阅读赏析
•LittleGeorgewascryingoneday,andhisdadaskedhimwhy.“I’velost5pence,”sobbedGeorge.“Nevermind,”saidhisdadkindly,“Here’sanother5penceforyou.”AtwhichGeorgehowledlouderthanever.“Nowwhatisit?
”askedhisdad.“IwishI’dsaidI’dlost10pence.”
•
•Wish
•IwishIwereyou.
•IwishIhadpassedtheexam.
•wish+did:
表对现在或将来的虚拟
•wish+haddone:
表对过去的虚拟
•
•翻译练习
•鸟希望自己是云。
•云希望自己是鸟。
---飞鸟集
•Thebirdwishesitwereacloud.
•Thecloudwishesitwereabird.
•
•Asif/though
•天看起来要下雨。
•Itlookslikerain.
•Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.
•
•他看起来好像是个大人。
•Helooksasifhewereanadult.
•
•asif/though+haddone
表示对过去的虚拟
•他说起来好像去过黄山。
•H
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