高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七阅读理解专题之词句猜测题含答案doc.docx

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七阅读理解专题之词句猜测题含答案doc.docx

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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七阅读理解专题之词句猜测题含答案doc

专题7阅读理解专题之词句猜测题

【设问形式】

1Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword...inparagraph...?

2Theunderlinedword“...”means?

3Theword“...”refersto?

4Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?

【考查方式】

在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。

这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能力。

词句猜测题包括：

词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。

1.词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常用方法：

1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

2）根据同位关系进

行猜测。

3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。

4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。

5）根据

转折或对比关系等来猜测。

2.代词指代题：

在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义

；然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。

3.句意猜测题：

解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。

实战演练

【例题】

1.词义猜测：

2016全国ⅠC

IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:

”Well,I'mreallysorry,I'vegotsomeb-tahderneeawrsefnooryfioguhts

fromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

”Inthisboxaresomestemcellstha

urgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejust

everything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme.re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkand

gotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou'regotsomethingthatispotentially

savesomebody'slife.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph17

AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor

30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.

D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.

31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?

A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington

【答案】29.B30.D31.B【解析】试题分析：

本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。

29.B词义猜测题。

根据本段内容I'vedone89trip和sIhave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox以及第

二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是deliveryman。

故选B。

30.D细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI've

packsandthat'showlongthey可la知st冰.盒只能保持42消失适宜的温度。

故选D。

31.B细节理解题。

根据第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女式首先安排作者去Newark的航班。

故选B。

2.代词指代：

2016全国ⅡC

Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifeare

peopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“rea虚l拟”）.andnotthevirtua

Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.

29.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.

C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.

31.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?

BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过

【解析】试题分析：

本文属于说明文，介绍了

程。

29.B目的意图题。

作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。

接着在最后一句提出BookC，说明作者提到读书小组

的目的正是为了介绍网站BookC

30.A代词指代题。

根据本句“...hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheach

newreaderwhofindsit可知，”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。

可知其中

的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“thebook。

”故A正确。

31.C推理判断题。

根据文章第五段最后一句“..t.heideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabookto

gatherdustonashelfathome可知，让”书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookC的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。

故C项正确。

32.D标题概括题。

根据文章第三段可知BookC把改变人生的两种事物：

遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。

D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。

3.句意猜测题：

2017全国ⅡD

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesnsitquietly.'Batckin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIan

Baldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboring

plantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant

out.Butisanyonelistening?

Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpout

perfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusually

moreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmand

knewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?

Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacry

painorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighbors

forth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'aswholelotgoingon.

32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

35.whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己

或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。

32.D【解析】细节理解题。

根据“reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantand

seemtobeanalarm可知”，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。

33.A【解析】词义推测题。

根据“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch，”一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。

34.B【解析】细节理解题，根据“ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked”及“Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway...可知答案选B。

”

35.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据“imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworld

wecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There

'sawho可le知lot，go这in个g世on界远比我”们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。

故选C。

【举一反三】

A

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewaOnrsletocelebratethefirst

annualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voice

acrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpcthantg.eAstheKennedyCenter'saadrtviissteicrforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRad

NealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.

“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewa