Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

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Unity3DAnimation外文文献

Untiy3DAnimation

Unity’sAnimationfeaturesincludeRetargetableanimations,Fullcontrolofanimationweightsatruntime,Eventcallingfromwithintheanimationplayback,SophisticatedStateMachinehierarchiesandtransitions,Blendshapesforfacialanimations,andmore.

Readthissectiontofindouthowtoimportandworkwithimportedanimationandhowtoanimateobjects,colours,andanyotherparameterswithinUnityitself.

AnimationSystemOverview

Unityhasarichandsophisticatedanimationsystem（sometimesreferredtoas‘Mecanim’）.Itprovides:

EasyworkflowandsetupofanimationsforallelementsofUnityincludingobjects,characters,andproperties.

Supportforimported animationclips andanimationcreatedwithinUnity

Humanoidanimation retargeting -theabilitytoapplyanimationsfromonecharactermodelontoanother.

Simplifiedworkflowforaligninganimationclips.

Convenientpreviewofanimationclips,transitionsandinteractionsbetweenthem.Thisallowsanimatorstoworkmoreindependentlyofprogrammers,prototypeandpreviewtheiranimationsbeforegameplaycodeishookedin.

Managementofplexinteractionsbetweenanimationswithavisualprogrammingtool.

Animatingdifferentbodypartswithdifferentlogic.

Layeringandmaskingfeatures

Animationworkflow

Unity’sanimationsystemisbasedontheconceptof AnimationClips,whichcontaininformationabouthowcertainobjectsshouldchangetheirposition,rotation,orotherpropertiesovertime.Eachclipcanbethoughtofasasinglelinearrecording.Animationclipsfromexternalsourcesarecreatedbyartistsoranimatorswith3rdpartytoolssuchasMaxorMaya,orefrommotioncapturestudiosorothersources.

AnimationClipsarethenorganisedintoastructuredflowchart-likesystemcalledanAnimatorController.TheAnimatorControlleractsasa“StateMachine”whichkeepstrackofwhichclipshouldcurrentlybeplaying,andwhentheanimationsshouldchangeorblendtogether.

AverysimpleAnimatorControllermightonlycontainoneortwoclips,forexampletocontrolapowerupspinningandbouncing,ortoanimateadooropeningandclosingatthecorrecttime.AmoreadvancedAnimatorControllermightcontaindozensofhumanoidanimationsforallthemaincharacter’sactions,andmightblendbetweenmultipleclipsatthesametimetoprovideafluidmotionastheplayermovesaroundthescene.

Unity’sAnimationsystemalsohasnumerousspecialfeaturesforhandlinghumanoidcharacterswhichgiveyoutheabilityto retargethumanoidanimationfromanysource（Eg.motioncapture,theassetstore,orsomeotherthird-partyanimationlibrary）toyourowncharactermodel,aswellasadjusting muscledefinitions.ThesespecialfeaturesareenabledbyUnity’s Avatar system,wherehumanoidcharactersaremappedtoamoninternalformat.

Eachofthesepieces-the AnimationClips,the AnimatorController,andthe Avatar,arebroughttogetheronaGameObjectviatheAnimatorponent.ThisponenthasareferencetoanAnimatorController,and（ifrequired）theAvatarforthismodel.TheAnimatorController,inturn,containsthereferencestothe AnimationClips ituses.

Theabovediagramshowsthefollowing:

AnimationclipsareimportedfromanexternalsourceorcreatedwithinUnity.Inthisexample,theyareimportedmotioncapturedhumanoidanimations.

TheanimationclipsareplacedandarrangedinanAnimatorController.ThisshowsaviewofanAnimatorControllerintheAnimatorwindow.TheStates（whichmayrepresentanimationsornestedsub-statemachines）appearasnodesconnectedbylines.ThisAnimatorControllerexistsasanassetintheProjectwindow.

Theriggedcharactermodel（inthiscase,theastronaut“Astrella”）hasaspecificconfigurationofboneswhicharemappedtoUnity’smon Avatar format.ThismappingisstoredasanAvatarassetaspartoftheimportedcharactermodel,andalsoappearsintheProjectwindowasshown.

Whenanimatingthecharactermodel,ithasanAnimatorponentattached.IntheInspectorviewshownabove,youcanseethe Animatorponent whichhasboththe AnimatorController andthe Avatar assigned.Theanimatorusesthesetogethertoanimatethemodel.TheAvatarreferenceisonlynecessarywhenanimatingahumanoidcharacter.Forothertypesofanimation,onlyanAnimatorControllerisrequired.

Unity’sanimationsystem（Knownas“Mecanim”）eswithalotofconceptsandterminology.Ifatanypoint,youneedtofindoutwhatsomethingmeans,gotoour AnimationGlossary.

Legacyanimationsystem

WhileMecanimisremendedforuseinmostsituations,UnityhasretaineditslegacyanimationsystemwhichexistedbeforeUnity4.YoumayneedtousewhenworkingwitholdercontentcreatedbeforeUnity4.ForinformationontheLegacyanimationsystem,see thissection

UnityintendstophaseouttheLegacyanimationsystemovertimeforallcasesbymergingtheworkflowsintoMecanim.

AnimationClips

AnimationClipsareoneofthecoreelementstoUnity’sanimationsystem.Unitysupportsimportinganimationfromexternalsources,andofferstheabilitytocreateanimationclipsfromscratchwithintheeditorusingtheAnimationwindow.

AnimationfromExternalSources

Animationclipsimportedfromexternalsourcescouldinclude:

Humanoidanimationscapturedatamotioncapturestudio

Animationscreatedfromscratchbyanartistinanexternal3Dapplication（suchas3DSMaxorMaya）

Animationsetsfrom3rd-partylibraries（eg,fromUnity’sassetstore）

Multipleclipscutandslicedfromasingleimportedtimeline.

AnimationCreatedandEditedWithinUnity

Unity’sAnimationWindowalsoallowsyoutocreateandeditanimationclips.Theseclipscananimate:

Theposition,rotationandscaleofGameObjects

ponentpropertiessuchasmaterialcolour,theintensityofalight,thevolumeofasound

Propertieswithinyourownscriptsincludingfloat,int,Vectorandbooleanvariables

Thetimingofcallingfunctionswithinyourownscripts

AnimationfromExternalSources

OverviewofImportedAnimation

AnimationfromexternalsourcesisimportedintoUnityinthesamewayasregular3Dfiles.Thesefiles,whetherthey’regenericFBXfilesornativeformatsfrom3DsoftwaresuchasMaya,Cinema4D,3DStudioMax,cancontainanimationdataintheformofalinearrecordingofthemovementsofobjectswithinthefile.

Insomesituationstheobjecttobeanimated（eg,acharacter）andtheanimationstogowithitcanbepresentinthesamefile.Inothercases,theanimationsmayexistinaseparatefiletothemodeltobeanimated.

Itmaybethatanimationsarespecifictoaparticularmodel,andcannotbere-usedonothermodels.Forexample,agiantoctopusend-bossinyourgamemighthaveauniquearrangementoflimbsandbones,anditsownsetofanimations.

Inothersituations,itmaybethatyouhavealibraryofanimationswhicharetobeusedonvariousdifferentmodelsinyourscene.Forexample,anumberofdifferenthumanoidcharactersmightallusethesamewalkandrunanimations.Inthesesituations,it’smontohaveasimpleplaceholdermodelinyouranimationfilesforthepurposesofpreviewingthem.Alternatively,itispossibletouseanimationfileseveniftheyhavenogeometryatall,justtheanimationdata.

Whenimportingmultipleanimations,theanimationscaneachexistasseparatefileswithinyourprojectfolder,oryoucanextractmultipleanimationclipsfromasingleFBXfileifexportedastakesfromMotionbuilderorwithaplugin/scriptforMaya,Maxorother3Dpackages.Youmightwanttodothisifyourfilecontainsmultipleseparateanimationsarrangedonasingletimeline.Forexample,alongmotioncapturedtimelinemightcontaintheanimationforafewdifferentjumpmotions,andyoumaywanttocutoutcertainsectionsofthistouseasindividualclipsanddiscardtherest.Unityprovidesanimationcuttingtoolstoachievethiswhenyouimportallanimationsinonetimelinebyallowingyoutoselecttheframerangeforeachclip.

ImportingAnimationFiles

BeforeanyanimationcanbeusedinUnity,itmustfirstbeimportedintoyourproject.UnitycanimportnativeMaya（.mbor.ma）,3DStudioMax（.max）andCinema4D（.c4d）files,andalsogenericFBXfileswhichcanbeexportedfrommostanimationpackages（see thispage forfurtherdetailsonexporting）.Toimportananimation,simplydragthefiletothe Assets folderofyourproject.Whenyouselectthefileinthe ProjectView youcaneditthe ImportSettings intheinspector.

Workingwithhumanoidanimations

TheMecanimAnimationSystemisparticularlywellsuitedforworkingwithanimationsforhumanoidskeletons.Sincehumanoidskeletonsareusedextensivelyingames,Unityprovidesaspecializedworkflow,andanextendedtoolsetforhumanoidanimations.

Becauseofthesimilarityinbonestructure,itispossibletomapanimationsfromonehumanoidskeletontoanother,allowingretargeting and inversekinematics.Withrareexceptions,humanoidmodelscanbeexpectedtohavethesamebasicstructure,representingthemajorarticulatepartsofthebody,headandlimbs.TheMecanimsystemmakesgooduseofthisideatosimplifytheriggingandcontrolofanimations.AfundamentalstepincreatingaanimationistosetupamappingbetweenthesimplifiedhumanoidbonestructureunderstoodbyMecanimandtheactualbonespresentintheskeleton;inMecanimterminology,thismappingiscalledan Avatar.ThepagesinthissectionexplainhowtocreateanAvatarforyourmodel.

CreatingtheAvatar

Afteramodelfile（FBX,COLLADA,etc.）isimported,youcanspecifywhatkindofrigitisinthe Rig tabofthe ModelImporteroptions.

Humanoidanimations

ForaHumanoidrig,select Humanoid andclick Apply.Mecanimwillattempttomatc