《英美文学选读》串讲讲义.docx
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《英美文学选读》串讲讲义
《英美文学选读》串讲讲义
《英美文学选读》应考指导
一、教材说明
《英美文学选读》是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段的必修课程,也是广大考生比较头疼的课程。
教材大体可以分为两个大的部分,文学发展史和作家介绍及作品选读。
让考生头疼的事情是课本信息量太大,考纲要求的内容较多,学习的时候理不出头绪,也不便记忆。
事实上,文学课有着相当强的逻辑性和系统性,只要我们把握住这一点,这门课程并不难学,也不难考过。
二、考情分析
2009年,本门课程的考试大纲做了一些调整,这种调整在某种程度上减轻和考生的复习负担,但也同时考察的内容更细,更全。
(一)关于考核要求的调整
考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整;“该时期的重要作家”只包含对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核。
(二)大纲调整后的特点
(1)新大纲更加突出了英美各个文学时期的时代特点。
如:
文艺复兴时期的戏剧和诗史,浪漫主义时期的诗歌等。
从这个意义上讲,命题的重点突出了。
(2)新大纲中考核的作家,都是每一个文学时期文学潮流的最具代表性的作家,都是对该时期文学的发展起到决定作用的作家。
从这个意义上讲,命题的焦点集中了。
(3)新大纲中所保留的作家的作品大多是广大考生耳熟能详的作品,从这个意义上讲,考试的难度降低了。
三、复习方法
(一)概述:
考试大纲调整以后,可命题的作家的数量减少了,但命题的深度会增加;同时,由于作家数量的减少,这也意味着在每一章的概述部分和作品选读部分的命题点会增多。
(二)每章概述部分的复习重点
在对这部分的复习中,重点关注每一个文学时期的界定以及其标志性事件;另外每一个文学时期的时代特点和突出文学成就也是考查的重点,还有本时期同时存在的文学流派的特点也是重点内容。
(三)每章重点作家的复习重点
作家的文学史上的地位和贡献;作家的代表作以及代表作的中心大意和所反映的社会现实;作家的写作风格和写作特点也是命题的重点。
(四)每章作品选读的复习重点
作品选读前面的斜体字部分的简介和概括;作品中的名句;作品选读中的注释部分,小说作品中的人物关系。
四、结束语
考纲的实施,从总体上讲,命题的重点突出了,密度增加了,深度也拓展了,但是,整体难度不会有太大的变化。
对于考生而言,复习的内容删减了,压力减轻了,考试也就容易了。
在对新考纲解读完了之后,剩下的事情就是大家去听后面的串讲,认真学习,通过考试!
PartOne:
EnglishLiterature
AnIntroductiontoOldandMedievalEnglishLiterature
Understandingandapplication:
(理解应用)
1. England’sinhabitantsareCelts.AnditisconqueredbyRomans,AngloSaxonsandNormans.TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheGermaniclanguageandculturetoEngland,whileNormansbroughttheMediterraneancivilization,includingGreekculture,RomelawandtheChristianreligion.ItistheculturalinfluenceofthesetwoconqueststhatprovidedthesourcefortheriseandgrowthofEnglishliterature.
2.TheoldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEngland.
3.TheoldEnglishpoetrythathassurvivedcanbedividedintotwogroups:
Thereligiousgroupandthesecularone
4.Beowulf:
atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetryisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.Itisanexampleoftheminglingofnaturemythsandheroiclegends.
5.AftertheNorman’sconquest,threelanguagesco-existedinEngland.FrenchistheofficiallanguagethatisusedbykingandtheNormanlords.Latinistheprincipaltongueofchurchaffairsandinuniversities.OldEnglishwasspokenonlybythecommonEnglishpeople.
6.Inthesecondhalfof14thcentury,EnglishliteraturestartedtoflourishwiththeappearanceofwriterslikeGeoffreyChaucer,WilliamLangland,JohnGower,andothers
Recite:
(识记再现)
1.Romance:
Itusesnarrativeverseorprosetosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.
Ithasdevelopedthecharacteristicmedievalmotifsofthequest,thetest,themeetingwiththeevilgiantandtheencounterwiththebeautifulbeloved.
③Theheroisusuallytheknight,whosetsoutonajourneytoaccomplishsomemissions.Thereareoftenmysteriesandfantasiesinromance.
④Romanticloveisanimportantpartoftheplotinromance.
Characterizationisstandardized,Whilethestructureislooseandepisodic,thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward.
⑤Theimportanceoftheromanceitselfcanbeseenasameansofshowingmedievalaristocraticmenandwomeninrelationtotheiridealizedviewoftheworld.
2. Heroiccouplet:
Heroiccoupletisarhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter.ItisChaucerwhouseditforthefirsttimeinEnglishinhisworkTheLegendofGoodWoman.
3.ThethemeofBeowulf:
Thepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.Thepoemisanexampleoftheminglingofthenaturemythsandheroiclegends.
4. TheWifeofBathinTheCanterburyTales:
TheWifeofBathisdepictedasthenewbourgeoiswifeassertingherindependence.Chaucerdevelopshischaracterizationtoahigherartisticlevelbypresentingcharacterswithbothtypicalqualitiesandindividualdispositions.
5.Chaucer’sachievement:
①Hepresentedacomprehensiverealisticpictureofhisageandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersinhisworks,especiallyinTheCanterburyTales.
②Heanticipatedanewear,theRenaissance,tocomeundertheinfluenceoftheItalianwriters.
③Hedevelopedhischaracterizationtoahigherlevelbypresentingcharacterswithbothtypicalqualitiesandindividualdispositions.
④HegreatlycontributedtothematuringofEnglishpoetry.Today,Chaucer’sreputationhasbeensecurelyestablishedasoneofthebestEnglishpoetsforhiswisdom,humorandhumanity.
6. “TheFatherofEnglishpoetry”:
Originally,OldEnglishpoemsaremainlyalliterativeverseswithfewvariations.
①ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplaceit.
②InTheRomauntoftheRose(玫瑰传奇),hefirstintroducedtotheEnglishtheoctosyllabiccouplet(八音节对偶句).
③InTheLegendofGoodWomen,heusedforthefirsttimeinEnglishheroiccouplet.
④Andinhismasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales,heemployedheroiccoupletwithtrueeaseandcharmforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.
⑤HisartmadehimoneofthegreatestpoetsinEnglish;JohnDrydencalledhim“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”.
【例题】Theworkthatpresented,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,acomprehensiverealisticpictureofthemedievalEnglishsocietyandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeismostlikely______________.(0704)
A.WilliamLangland’sPiersPlowman
B.GeoffreyChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales
C.JohnGower’sConfessionAmantis
D.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
【答案】B
【解析】(P4.para.2)
本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。
A答案是《农夫皮尔斯》及其作者威廉·兰格伦他在其作品中描述了他那个时期的宗教与社会问题。
C《爱人的告白》,D《高文爵士和他的绿衣骑士》都是约翰·高厄的作品,属于时最精美的骑士文学作品;然而只有乔叟,在英国文学史上第一次向我们展示了表现当时英国社会的一幅综合性、现实主义的画卷,在他的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》中塑造了一系列来自社会各阶层的生动形象的人物。
本章小结
本章重点:
Chaucerandhisachievement
本章提示:
本部分内容以选择题考查,所以,复习时以识记为主。
Chapter1:
TheRenaissancePeriod
GeneralIntroduction
考核要求:
1.识记:
(1)文艺复兴时期的界定
(2)历史文化背景
2.领会:
(1)文艺复兴运动的意义与影响
(2)文艺复兴时期的文学特点
(3)人文主义的主张及对文学的影响
3.应用:
文艺复兴,人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释
考点串讲:
1.TheRenaissance:
TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival,"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchas:
①There-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture
②Thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology,thereligiousreformation&theeconomicexpansion.
③TheRenaissance,therefore,inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
【例题】TheRenaissanceisactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricaleventsEXCEPT_________.(0804)
A.therediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
B.thevastexpansionofBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica
C.thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
D.thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion
【答案】B
【解析】(P7.para1)
文艺复兴是欧洲中世纪和现代社会的分水岭,它的发生有着深刻的社会历史根源,当时的社会发展刺激了文艺复兴的发生,如地理天文大发现,席卷欧洲的宗教改革以及对古希腊,古罗马文化的发掘等。
2.Humanism:
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.
3.TheRenaissanceinEngland:
①Thefirst--thebeginning(1485-1558)---imitationandassimilation
Poetry:
Wyatt&Surrey
TheformerintroducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland,whilethelatterbroughtinblankverse.
②Thesecond--(thepeak)theElizabethAge(1558-1603)---TheElizabethandrama
Poetry:
Spenser&Marlowe
Spenserianstanza:
SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&thelastlineiniambichexameter,rhymingababbcbcc.
Drama:
Marlowe&Shakespeare
TheRenaissancehero:
ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays,whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'swill,heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower,knowledge,andglory,theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.
TheElizabethandra