推荐新课标高考英语复习题课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文含答案.docx

推荐新课标高考英语复习题课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文含答案.docx

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推荐新课标高考英语复习题课时15阅读理解体裁解读2说明文含答案

课时15阅读理解体裁解读2说明文

Ⅰ.体裁解读——说明文

说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。

它通过对实体事物（如仪器、产品、自然环境）的解说，或对抽象事理（如概念、原理、定律）的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。

说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。

复习这类文体时，同学们应注意以下几点：

主要题材：

题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。

如：

介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。

说明顺序：

时间顺序（如事物的发展变化）、空间顺序（如建筑结构）、逻辑顺序（如因果、现象与本质）。

说明方法：

为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：

举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。

结构特点：

说明文的大体结构有：

1．总体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述；

2．现象或变化＋细节或原因阐述＋引发的后果和相关启示。

语言特点：

高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。

因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。

阅读说明文的关键是：

抓住说明对象的本质特征。

阅读时须注意：

1．注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。

2．在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分（主谓宾）、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。

【体裁演练】

（2015·福建高考）

Foodfestivalsaroundtheworld

StiltonCheeseRolling

MayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2，000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmustbetheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour，dressedinavarietyofstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollacompletecheesealonga50－metrecourse.Ontheway,theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheircompetitors'lane（赛道）．CompetitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos（disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones）．Allthecompetitorsareservedwithbeerorportwine,thetraditionalaccompanimentforStiltoncheese.

FieryFoodsFestival—TheHottestFestivalonEarth

Everyyearmorethan10，000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.TheycomefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareacommonaddiction—foodthatisnotjustspicy（辛辣），buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthburn,yourheadspinandyoureyeswater.TheirdestinationistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalwhichisheldoveraperiodofthreedayseveryMarch.Youmightliketotryachocolate－coveredhabaneropepper—officiallythehottestpepperintheworld—oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonething'sforsure—ifyoudon'tlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisn'tforyou!

LaTomatina—TheWorld'sBiggestFoodFight

OnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBunolhostsLaTomatina—theworld'slargestfoodfight.Aweek－longcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthehighlightoftheweek'sevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoes—officialfight－startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.

Thebattlelastslittlemorethanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50，000kilogramsoftomatoeshavebeenthrownatanyoneoranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.Theneveryoneheadsdowntotherivertomakefriendsagain—andforamuch－neededwash!

1．IntheStiltoncheeserollingcompetition,competitorsoneachteammust________．

A．wearvariousformalclothes

B．rollawoodencheeseintheirownlane

C．kickorthrowtheircheese

D．usearealcheeseweighingaboutfourkilos

2．WhereistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalheld?

A．InNewMexico.B．IntheCaribbean.

C．InAustralia.D．InChina.

3．ThecelebrationofLaTomatinalasts________．

A．threedaysB．sevendays

C．lessthanthreedaysD．morethansevendays

4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．ThechiefprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingcompetitionisbeerorportwine.

B．Morethan10，000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

C．ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

D．AnexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginningofLaTomatina.

Ⅱ.能力提升演练

A

The“greenhouseeffect”isthewarmingthathappenswhencertaingasesintheEarth'satmospheretrapheat.Thesegasesletinlightbutkeepheatfromescaping,liketheglasswallsofagreenhouse.

First，sunlightshinesontotheEarth'ssurface,whereitisabsorbedandthenradiates（放射）backintotheatmosphereasheat.Intheatmosphere,greenhousegasestrapsomeofthisheat,andtherestescapesintospace.Themoregreenhousegasesareintheatmosphere,themoreheatgetstrapped.

Scientistshaveknownaboutthegreenhouseeffectsince1824,whenJosephFouriercalculatedthattheEarthwouldbemuchcolderifithadnoatmosphere.ThisgreenhouseeffectiswhatkeepstheEarth'sclimatelivable.Withoutit,theEarth'ssurfacewouldbeanaverageofabout60degreesFahrenheit（华氏温度）cooler.In1895,theSwedishchemistSvanteArrheniusdiscoveredthathumanscouldincreasethegreenhouseeffectbymakingcarbondioxide,agreenhousegas.Hekickedoff100yearsofclimateresearchthathasgivenusagoodunderstandingofglobalwarming.

Levelsofgreenhousegases（GHGs）havegoneupanddownovertheEarth'shistory,buttheyhavebeenfairlyconstantforthepastfewthousandyears.Globalaveragetemperatureshavestayedfairlyconstantoverthattimeaswell,untilrecently.ThroughtheburningoffossilfuelsandotherGHGemissions（排放物）,humansareincreasingthegreenhouseeffectandwarmingtheEarth.

Scientistsoftenusetheterm“climatechange”insteadof“globalwarming”．ThisisbecauseastheEarth'saveragetemperatureclimbs,windsandoceancurrentsmoveheataroundtheglobeinwaysthatcancoolsomeareas,warmothers,andchangetheamountofrainandsnowfall.Asaresult,theclimatechangesdifferentlyindifferentareas.

1．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．GreenhouseEffect

B．GreenhouseGases

C．ClimateChanges

D．GlobalAverageTemperatures

2．Howdoesthegreenhouseeffectcomeintobeing?

A．SunlightshinesontheEarthandtheheatwarmstheEarth.

B．CertaingasestrapheatfromsunlightandwarmtheEarth.

C．TheEarthtrapsmoreheatfromthesunlightandgetswarmer.

D．TheEarth'ssurfaceradiatesmoreheatbyitselfandgetswarmer.

3．Whatcanweknowaboutglobalwarmingfromthepassage?

A．Iftherewerenogreenhouseeffect,theEarth'ssurfacewouldbecolder.

B．JosephFourierdiscoveredthatmakingcarbondioxidecancauseglobalwarming.

C．Inrecentyearshumanstakemanymeasurestopreventglobalwarming.

D．Windsandoceancurrentsdirectlychangetherainandsnowfall.

4．Inthepastfewthousandyearsthelevelsofgreenhousegaseskeep________overthetime.

A．unchangedB．increasing

C．reducingD．goingupanddown

B

（2015·东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）Doyouwantabitofanadventure?

WouldyouliketodiscoverallthecornersoftheUK,ortravelabroad?

Maybeyouhavenevertriedthemotorhomelifestylebefore.Well,readthisarticleandyouwillknowwhyamotorhomeisagoodchoice.

Nothingisbetterthanamotorhome.Ithassomanyusesthatitisconsideredthemostversatilevehicleanditisalsoverycomfortable.Ifyouarethinkingabouthiringamotorhomethissummer,thenthebestchoiceistobookitearly,especiallyifyouareconsideringtheschoolholidays.Themotorhomehireserviceisveryseasonalandmotorhomehirecompanieswillneverhaveextravehiclesavailableinthesummermonths.

TherearealotofcompaniesthroughouttheUK,andsomeofthebigoneshavemotorhomesspreadalloverthecountry.Atpresent,thelargestnetworkformotorhomehireisprovidedbymotorhomewhichisbasedinCambridge.IfyouareintheUK,youmayphone0800612－8719fordetailsofitsmotorhomehireinformation.Motorhomehasanetworkofover500vehiclesalloverEngland,ScotlandandWales.

MostpeoplewishingtohireamotorhomearefamiliesthatarelookingforanalternativetoaEuropeanpackageholiday，especiallyasflyingnowhasbecomemoreexpensive,andisconsideredtobeenvironmentallyunfriendly.Thereisnodoubtthattheideaofno－flyholidaysisgoingtobecomemorepopularasfewerpeoplethinkitissafetofly.Thisexplainswhymoreandmorepeoplearechoosingtohireamotorhomefortheirholidays.

5．Themainpurposeofthistextistoexplainwhyitisagoodideato________．

A．takeanadventure

B．traveltoEngland

C．tryanewlifestyle

D．hireamotorhome

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“versatile”inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Fast.B．Safe.C．Useful.D．Exciting.

7．Whyshouldyoubookamotorhomeearlyifyouwanttobookoneforthissummer?

A．Bookingearlyismuchcheaper.

B．Summerisusuallyaverybusyseason.

C．Youcanarrangeyourtimebetterthisway.

D．Studentsusuallybookthemtoearnmoney.

8．Thelastparagraphtellsustheadvantagesofhiringamotorhomeby________．

A．tellingusastory

B．givingdetaileddata

C．comparingitwithflying

D．showingtheresultsofastudy

C

（2015·安徽合肥市一模）Pillingacatcanbea“terrible”experience.Catsdon'twantsomethingpusheddowntheirthroats,andthey'llfightwithalltheirstrengthtopreventit.Infact,it'samazinghowpowerfultheirsmallbodiescanbe.

Theeasiestwayofpillingacatistopressthepillintopowder.Thenmixthepowderwithasmallamountofwetfood.Ifyourcatusuallyeatsdryfood,shewillprobablyviewthewetfoodasatreatandeatitup.

Ifyourcatwon'teatthewetfoodthatcontainsthepillorifsheistooilltoeat,youcangeta“pillgun”.Therearesomebasicinstructions.Gettingyourcat'smouthtoopenisgoingtobethemostdifficultpart.First,besurethepillisinahandyplace.Thenyoucanputyourcatonabookshelfwithherbottominacorneroryoucanputheronyourlapfirmlytied.Haveyourcatfacingtotherightifyou'reright－handed.Withyourlefthand,holdyourcatatthecheekbones,puttingyourpalm（手掌）atthetopofherhead.Keepingyourfingeroffthetrigger（扳机）,withyourrighthand,insertthepillgununtilthepillispositionedoverthetongueandopenthroat.Besuretogiveyourcatatreatdirectlyaftergivingthepil