推荐新课标高考英语复习题课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文含答案.docx

1、推荐新课标高考英语复习题课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文含答案课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文.体裁解读说明文说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。复习这类文体时，同学们应注意以下几点：主要题材：题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如：介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过

2、程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。说明顺序：时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。说明方法：为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。结构特点：说明文的大体结构有：1总体叙述细节或过程说明概括评述；2现象或变化细节或原因阐述引发的后果和相关启示。语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面

3、的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意：1注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。2在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。【体裁演练】(2015福建高考)Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2，000 English vil

4、lagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors la

5、ne(赛道)Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones)All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods

6、 FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your he

7、ad spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolatecovered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one th

8、ings for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatinathe worlds largest food fight.A weeklong celebration leads up to an exciting tomato batt

9、le as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fightstarters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50，000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyon

10、e or anything that moves, runs, or fights back.Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends againand for a muchneeded wash!1In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must _Awear various formal clothesBroll a wooden cheese in their own laneCkick or throw their chees

11、eDuse a real cheese weighing about four kilos2Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?AIn New Mexico. BIn the Caribbean.CIn Australia. DIn China.3The celebration of La Tomatina lasts _Athree days Bseven daysCless than three days Dmore than seven days4Which of the following is TRUE according to

12、 the passage?AThe chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.BMore than 10，000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.CThousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.DAn exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La

13、Tomatina.能力提升演练AThe “greenhouse effect ” is the warming that happens when certain gases in the Earths atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse.First，sunlight shines onto the Earths surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates

14、(放射) back into the atmosphere as heat.In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.Scientists have known about the greenhouse effect since 1824, when Joseph Fourier calculated

15、that the Earth would be much colder if it had no atmosphere. This greenhouse effect is what keeps the Earths climate livable. Without it, the Earths surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度) cooler. In 1895, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could inc

16、rease the greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. He kicked off 100 years of climate research that has given us a good understanding of global warming.Levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have gone up and down over the Earths history, but they have been fairly constant for the pas

17、t few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions (排放物), humans are increasing the greenhouse effect and warming the Earth.Scientists often use the term “climate change” in

18、stead of “global warming”This is because as the Earths average temperature climbs, winds and ocean currents move heat around the globe in ways that can cool some areas, warm others, and change the amount of rain and snow fall.As a result, the climate changes differently in different areas.1Which of

19、the following is the best title of this passage?AGreenhouse EffectBGreenhouse GasesCClimate ChangesDGlobal Average Temperatures2How does the greenhouse effect come into being?ASunlight shines on the Earth and the heat warms the Earth.BCertain gases trap heat from sunlight and warm the Earth.CThe Ear

20、th traps more heat from the sunlight and gets warmer.DThe Earths surface radiates more heat by itself and gets warmer.3What can we know about global warming from the passage?AIf there were no greenhouse effect, the Earths surface would be colder.BJoseph Fourier discovered that making carbon dioxide

21、can cause global warming.CIn recent years humans take many measures to prevent global warming.DWinds and ocean currents directly change the rain and snow fall.4In the past few thousand years the levels of greenhouse gases keep _ over the time.Aunchanged BincreasingCreducing Dgoing up and downB(2015东

22、北三省四市高三第二次联合考试)Do you want a bit of an adventure? Would you like to discover all the corners of the UK, or travel abroad? Maybe you have never tried the motorhome lifestyle before. Well, read this article and you will know why a motorhome is a good choice.Nothing is better than a motorhome. It has s

23、o many uses that it is considered the most versatile vehicle and it is also very comfortable. If you are thinking about hiring a motorhome this summer, then the best choice is to book it early, especially if you are considering the school holidays. The motorhome hire service is very seasonal and mot

24、orhome hire companies will never have extra vehicles available in the summer months.There are a lot of companies throughout the UK, and some of the big ones have motorhomes spread all over the country. At present, the largest network for motorhome hire is provided by motorhome which is based in Camb

25、ridge. If you are in the UK, you may phone 08006128719 for details of its motorhome hire information. Motorhome has a network of over 500 vehicles all over England, Scotland and Wales.Most people wishing to hire a motorhome are families that are looking for an alternative to a European package holid

26、ay，especially as flying now has become more expensive, and is considered to be environmentally unfriendly. There is no doubt that the idea of nofly holidays is going to become more popular as fewer people think it is safe to fly. This explains why more and more people are choosing to hire a motorhom

27、e for their holidays.5The main purpose of this text is to explain why it is a good idea to _Atake an adventureBtravel to EnglandCtry a new lifestyleDhire a motorhome6What does the underlined word “versatile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AFast. BSafe. CUseful. DExciting.7Why should you book a motorho

28、me early if you want to book one for this summer?ABooking early is much cheaper.BSummer is usually a very busy season.CYou can arrange your time better this way.DStudents usually book them to earn money.8The last paragraph tells us the advantages of hiring a motorhome by _Atelling us a storyBgiving

29、detailed dataCcomparing it with flyingDshowing the results of a studyC(2015安徽合肥市一模)Pilling a cat can be a “terrible” experience. Cats dont want something pushed down their throats, and theyll fight with all their strength to prevent it. In fact, its amazing how powerful their small bodies can be.The

30、 easiest way of pilling a cat is to press the pill into powder. Then mix the powder with a small amount of wet food. If your cat usually eats dry food, she will probably view the wet food as a treat and eat it up.If your cat wont eat the wet food that contains the pill or if she is too ill to eat, y

31、ou can get a “pill gun”. There are some basic instructions. Getting your cats mouth to open is going to be the most difficult part. First, be sure the pill is in a handy place. Then you can put your cat on a bookshelf with her bottom in a corner or you can put her on your lap firmly tied. Have your

32、cat facing to the right if youre righthanded. With your left hand, hold your cat at the cheekbones, putting your palm(手掌) at the top of her head. Keeping your finger off the trigger (扳机), with your right hand, insert the pill gun until the pill is positioned over the tongue and open throat. Be sure to give your cat a treat directly after giving the pil