届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文docdoc有解析.docx

届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文docdoc有解析.docx

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届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文docdoc有解析

科教科普类

1、   Australialeadstheworldinitsnumberofresidentpoisonousspidersaswellasthestrengthoftheirtoxicity（毒性）.However,ofalmost9,800speciesmostareperfectlyharmlessandinteresting.

   Spiderdiversityisbroadandmanyfascinatingspeciesoccurherethatrangefromthelargetothetinyandhardlynoticed,andfromthedullestblacktothestrangelyshaped.

   Spiderscanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtothestrategies（策略）theyuseforfeeding.Spiderswhichappearedearlierintheevolutionaryscalefeedbywaitinginacaveforfoodtocomealongbeforegrabbingit.Followingthemwerespiderswhichactivelywanderedlookingforfoodandwhichcaughtitbychasingitdown.Theevolutionofflyinginsectsmakesspidersevolvenewwaysofcatchingfoodwhichcouldn’tbechasedandsotheearliestairwebweaversarose.

   MostspidersfeedoninsectsandotherarthropodsbuttheWhistlingSpiderfeedsonfrogsandsmallbirds.TheGoldenOrbSpideralsofeedsonsmallbirds.

   Aspiderperiodicallysheds（蜕皮;脱落）itsskinsothatitcangrow.Immaturestagesarecalledmoults.Eachspecieshasaparticularnumberofmoultsthatitwillgothroughbeforereachingitsfinaladultstage.

   Usually,oncemalespidershavemated,theydieshortlyafter.But,evenindeath,Redbackmalesoftenserveapurpose.ThealreadypregnantRedbackfemalesalwayskilltheirloverand,inmostcases,alsoeatthem.Thisprovidesthemwithasmallreproductiveadvantage.

   Allowingspiderstotakeupplacesaroundhousescanbebeneficialinthattheycatchotherannoyinginsectssuchasmosquitoesandflies.

   Restassuredthatwhileyoumightseesomelargespiders,andperhapsevensomepoisonousones,agoodruleistolookandadmirebutdon'ttouchanyspideryoufind.Eventhosewithoutpoisoncouldstillhaveanastybite.

1.Differentfamiliesofspidersareidentifiedthemselvesby ______.

A.theirphysicalcharacter

B.theirwaysofgettingfood

C.thestrengthoftheirtoxicity

D.theireffectontheenvironment

2.Whatarethelatestspidersintheirevolutionprocess?

A.Spidersthatchasedowninsectsforfood.

B.Spidersthatwaitfortheinsectstocomealong.

C.Spidersthatcanweavewebstocatchflyinginsects.

D.Spidersthatactivelygoouttolookforinsectsasfood.

3.Ifaspiderstaysonthewallofyourhouse,you’dbetter ______.

A.killit

B.feedit

C.letitbe

D.chaseitout

4.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A.Abriefintroductionofspiders.

B.Theevolutionprocessofspiders.

C.Livingharmoniouslywithspiders.

D.Thelivingandfeeinghabitsofspiders.

2、   Manypeoplebelievethatyoulosetheabilitytolearnnewlanguagesasyougetolder.Languageexperts,however,willtellyouthatyou’renevertoooldtolearnanewlanguage.Asyougetolder,itcanbemoredifficulttolearnanewlanguage,though.

   Childrenandadultslearnnewlanguagesindifferentways.Forchildren,languageistheirlife.Theystudyforthousandsofhourseveryyear.Becausetheyneedtolearnlanguagetobecamepartoftheircommunities.Adults,ontheotherhand,arealreadypartofalanguagecommunity.Learninganewlanguagemeansbecomingpartofanotherlanguagecommunity,andadultsrarelygetthechancetopracticeasmuchasyoungchildrendo.

   Moreover.childrenleaninganewlanguageareexpectedtomakemistakes.ThisgivesthemfreedomwhenlearningtobedaringandconfidentAdults,however,oftenfeelpressuredtobeperfectwhenlearninganewlanguage.Thiscandiscouragemanypeopleandmakeitevenhardertolearnanewlanguage.

   Whenyoungchildrenlearnanewlanguage,theycometoseevariouslanguagesasa“normal”partofsociety.Thismindset（思维模式）helpsthemembracelearninganewlanguagewithoutfeelinglikethey'redoingsomethingunusualor“toohard”.

   Soifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,goforit!

It’snevertoolatetolearnanewlanguage.Ifyou'reolder,itmaytakemorework,butitcanbedone.Ifyou'reayoungchild,though,nowisthetimetostepoutandlearnanewlanguage!

1.By“Languageistheirlife”,theauthormeansthatchildren           .

A.can'tlivewithoutlanguage

B.leadahappylifeeveryday

C.practiceanewlanguagealot

D.aretakengoodcareofadults

2.Whatmaymakeithardfortheoldpeopletolearnanewlanguage!

A.Theyareafraidofbeinglaughedat.

B.Theyusuallyhavetoomanyinterests.

C.Theythinkmakingmistakesisnatural.

D.Theyalwaysmakeallkindsofmistakes.

3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlearningnewlanguage?

A.Thebehaviorstheyhave.

B.Thelearningattitudes.

C.Thefutureplanstheyhavemade.

D.Thematerialstheyareusing.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,anewlanguage           .

A.canneverbelearnedbytheoldpeople

B.canbegraspedbythepeopleeasily

C.canbeunderstoodonlybytheoldpeople

D.canlearnedbyboththeoldandtheyoung

3、   Kidsandteensareoftendismissiveofpraisefromtheirparents.Iamsurethatparentsouttherecanrelatetothis,asweallhavebeentoldatonetimeoranotherbyoneorseveralofourkids,“Stopit,Mom.’’oreven,“You’rejustsayingthatbecauseyouaremyparentsandyouhavetosaythat. "Icanassureyou,though,thattheyarelistening.Theywillprobablynotthankyouforthispraiseuntiltheyareintheirtwenties,butdon'tletthatstopyoufrompraisingthemduringtheirchildhoodandteenyears.Justbecarefulhowyoupraisethem.Alittlepraisemaygoalongway—especiallyifitistherightkindofpraise.

   ItappearsthatthewaytogoistopraisetheireffortsaccordingtoastudybyBrummelman,ofUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsandcolleagues.Theseresearchersconcludedthatkidsshouldbepraisedprimarilyfortheirefforts,ratherthanfortheirpersonalcharacteristics,becauseiftheyarepraisedforeffort,thenapoorperformanceismorelikelytobeseenasaglitch（小故障）,ratherthanavalidreflectionofwhotheyareasindividuals.

   Let’sthinkaboutthistogether.Ifyouareateenagerorachildofanyageandareconstantlytoldhowbrilliantyouare,thenwhenyoudopoorlyonatestorafewtests,youmayfeellikeyouhavesuddenlylostyourstatusasbrilliantandmaynowfeelashamedthatyouaremerelyaverageorevendumb.Ifyouareagirlwhoisconstantlybeingtoldhowbeautifulyouare,thenonadaywhenyoudon’tlookorfeelsogood,youmaydecidethatyouareunattractive.Thisistheproblemthatdevelopswhenwearepraisingourkidsforglobalpersonalitycharacteristicsthattheycan'talwaysliveupto.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistherightkindofpraise?

A.Youareagreatartist.

B.Youareveryintelligent.

C.Wow,youhaveaspecialgiftformusic.

D.Yourpaintinghasindeedimprovedduetoyourefforts.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Allthechildrenshouldbepraised.

B.There’snoneedtopraisekidsandteens.

C.Praiseshouldbebeyondchildren’sexpectations.

D.Teensoftenpaynoattentiontotheirparents’praise.

3.Theunderlinedword“dumb”inthelastparagraph can bereplaced by_________.

A.stupid

B.unique

C.curious

D.honest

4.Themain topic ofthispassage is_____.

A.whytopraisekidsandteens

B.howtopraisekidsandteens

C.differentwaystopraisekidsandteens

D.theimportanceofpraisingkids

4、  Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksoftheclassicalwriterslikeShakespeareandWordsworthhasagreateffectonthemind,catchesthereader’sattentionandtriggersmomentsofself-examination.

   Usingaspecialmachine,theymonitoredthebrainactivityof30volunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandothers.

   Inthefirstpartoftheresearch,thebrainactivityof30volunteerswasmonitoredastheyreadpassagesfromShakespeare’splays,includingKingLear,Othello,CoriolanusandMacbeth,andagainastheyreadthetextrewritteninasimplerformormodernlanguage.

   Whilereadingthecommontexts,normallevelsofelectricalactivitywereshownintheirbrains.WhentheyreadtheworksofShakespeare,however,thelevelsofactivityjumpedbecauseofhisuseofwordswhichwereunfamiliartothem.Theresultofthetestshowedthatthemorechallengingpassagescauseagreaterdegreeofelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthecommonones.

   Scientistswentontostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeachwordandrecordedhowitlitupasthereaderscameacrossunusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencesintheclassicalworks.Asaresult,thislighteningupprocessofthemindlastedlongerthanthatwhenvolunteersreadcommontexts,encouragingfurtherreading.

   Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetryespeciallyincreasesactivityintherighthemisphere（半球）ofthebrain,anareaconnectedwith“autobiographicalmemory”,drivingthereaderstothinkcarefullyabouttheirownexperiencesbasedonwhattheyhaveread.Theacademicssaidthismeanttheclassicalworksofliteraturearemoreusefulthanself-helpbooks.

   PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessorwhohasworkedonthestudyintheuniversity’smagneticresonancecenter,announcedthisweek:

“Classicalliteratureactslikearocket-boostertothebrain,whichprovidesextrapowerforthebrain.Youmayneverimaginehowpowerfulitis.Theresearchshowssuchkindofliteraturecancreatenewthoughtsandconnectionsintheyoungandtheold.”

1.Theunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“______”.

A.dependson

B.picksup

C.setsoff

D.changesinto

2.WhichofthefollowingisN